scholarly journals Histological and Immunohistochemical Effects of Neuroectodermal Cells Transplantation after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Karim ◽  
Wafaa S. Ramadan ◽  
Ghada A. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Fatma Al Qudsi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Expression Evidence ◽  
Reactive Astrocytosis ◽  
Control Sham

Background: In spinal cord injury, radical treatment is still a persistent hope for patients and clinicians. Our study aimed to determine the different histological changes in central, cranial and caudal sites of compressed spinal cord as a result of neuroectodermal stem cells (NESCs) transplantation in rats. Material and methods: For extraction of NESCs, future brains were extracted from mice embryos (10-days old) and cultured.  Eighty, male rats were divided randomly into control, sham (20 rats each); while 40 rats were subjected to compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI). Seven days after spinal cord injury, rats were subdivided into 2 groups (20 rats each); an untreated and treated with NESCs injected cranial and caudal to the site of the spinal cord injury. Rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantations of NESCs and specimens from the spinal cord at the central, cranial and caudal to site of spinal cord injury were proceeded to be stained with haematoxylin & eosin, osmic acid and Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results: Sections of CSCI revealed areas of hemorrhages, necrosis and cavitation limited by reactive astrocytosis, with upregulation of GFAP expression. Evidence of remyelination and mitigation of histopathological features, reactive astrocytosis in CSCI sections were more pronounced in cranial than in caudal region. Conclusions: NESCs transplantation ameliorated the pathological changes, promoted remyelination.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation Promotes Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating the Transformation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuankang Wang ◽  
Zhihao Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Zhu ◽  
Zhuowen Liang ◽  
Xiaoshuang Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Reactive Astrocytes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
Cord Injury

After spinal cord injury (SCI), reactive astrocytes can be classified into two distinctive phenotypes according to their different functions: neurotoxic (A1) astrocytes and neuroprotective (A2) astrocytes. Our previous studies proved that photobiomodulation (PBM) can promote motor function recovery and improve tissue repair after SCI, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM contributes to repair after SCI by regulating the activation of astrocytes. Male rats subjected to clip-compression SCI were treated with PBM for two consecutive weeks, and the results showed that recovery of motor function was improved, the lesion cavity size was reduced, and the number of neurons retained was increased. We determined the time course of A1/A2 astrocyte activation after SCI by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and verified that PBM inhibited A1 astrocyte activation and promoted A2 astrocyte activation at 7 days postinjury (dpi) and 14 dpi. Subsequently, potential signaling pathways related to A1/A2 astrocyte activation were identified by GO function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis and then studied in animal experiments and preliminarily analyzed in cultured astrocytes. Next, we observed that the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was upregulated by PBM and that both factors contributed to the transformation of A1/A2 astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we found that PBM reduced the neurotoxicity of A1 astrocytes to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In conclusion, PBM can promote better recovery after SCI, which may be related to the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intraspinal Micro Stimulation With Variable Stimulating Pattern in Adult Rat With Induction of Spinal Cord Injury in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Mohaddeseh Hedayatzadeh ◽  
Hamid Reza Kobravi ◽  
Maryam Tehranipour
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gait Dynamics ◽  
Variable Pattern ◽  
Cord Injury

Background: Spinal cord injury is one of the diseases that, no specific treatment has yet found despite the variety of works that have done in this field. Different approaches to treat such injuries have investigated today. One of them is invasive intra-spinal interventions such as electrical stimulation. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the protocol for intra-spinal variable and fixed electrical stimulation has been investigated in order to recover from spinal cord injury. Methods: In the study, 18 Wistar male rats randomly divided into Three groups, including intraspinal electrical stimulation (IES), IES with variable pattern of stimulation (VP IES) and a sham group. Animals initially subjected to induced spinal cord injury. After one week, the animal movement was recorded on the treadmill during practice using a camera and angles of the ankle joint were measured using the Tracker software. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by nonlinear evaluations in the phase space. Results: The motion analyses and kinematic analyses were carried out on all groups. According to the achieved results, the gait dynamics of the VP IES group has the most conformity to the gait dynamics of the healthy group. Also, the best quality of the balance preservation observed in the VP IES group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the IES with variable pattern of stimulation along with exercise therapy has significant gait restorative effects and increases the range of motion in rats with induced spinal cord injury.

FNDC5 expression in Purkinje neurons of adult male rats with acute spinal cord injury following treatment with methylprednisolone

Neuropeptides ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Hassanzadeh ◽  
Seyed Behnamedin Jameie ◽  
Mehdi Mehdizadeh ◽  
Mansooreh Soleimani ◽  
Zeinab Namjoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Purkinje Neurons ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Prognosis Evaluation Using 18F-Alfatide II PET in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury Treated With Estrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153601212090919
Author(s):  
Hongpei Tan ◽  
Yongxiang Tang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Tingting He ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe dysfunction below injured segment and poses a great pressure to the individual and society. In this study, we applied 18F-alfatide II positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to monitor angiogenesis in an SCI model after estrogen (E2) treatment, as well as to evaluate the prognosis in a noninvasive manner. The SCI model was established with male rats and the rats were randomly divided into E2-treated group (SCI + E2) and E2-untreated group (SCI). Sham group was also used as control (Sham). The angiogenesis after SCI was monitored by 18F-alfatide II PET/CT and verified by immunofluorescence of CD31 and CD61. We also evaluated the level of E2 and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were determined to evaluate the exercise capacity of the rats in all 3 groups. Our results showed that the BBB score of SCI + E2 group was significantly different from that of SCI group ( P < .05) and Sham group ( P < .01). The uptake of 18F-alfatide II was positively correlated with the expression level of GAP43, both of which reached the peak at day 7 after injury. CD31 and CD61 immunostaining further verified increased angiogenesis in E2-treated SCI lesions. We concluded that 18F-alfatide II PET/CT can monitor the angiogenesis status after SCI in vivo and it may help clinician predict the progression of patients with SCI. This may benefit the study of vascular repair after SCI and provide a tool for evaluation of SCI treatment in clinical practices.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of MiR-136-5p Targeting NF-κB/A20 in the IL-17-Mediated Inflammatory Response after Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1224-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichen He ◽  
Jinmin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoming Peng ◽  
Xiongzhi Shi ◽  
Shaohui Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Astrocytes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background/Aims: The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in serious damage to the human body via an increase in the secondary biological processes imposed by activated astrocytes. Abnormal expression of microRNAs after SCI has become a potential research focus. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods: SCI models were established in rats using Allen’s method, and the BBB scoring method was employed to assess locomotor function. Lentivirus was used to infect rat astrocytes and SCI rats. Real-time PCR and antibody chip were used to measure gene expression and cytokine secretion. Western blot analysis was employed to detect protein expression. HE staining was used to assess the histological changes in SCI. The immunohistochemical staining of A20 and p-NF-κB in SCI was also analyzed. Results: The in vitro experiment showed that miR-136-5p up-regulated the expression of p-NF-κB by down-regulating the expression of A20 so that astrocytes produced inflammatory factors and chemokines. The in vivo experiment indicated that overexpressed miR-136-5p promoted the production of inflammatory factors, chemokines and p-NF-κB in SCI rats, whereas it inhibited the expression of A20 protein and increased inflammatory cell infiltration and injuries in the spinal cord. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that silencing miR-136-5p effectively decreased inflammatory factors and chemokines and protected the spinal cord via NF-κB/A20 signaling in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of miR-136-5p had the opposite effect.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE RESTORATIVE EFFECT OF MACROPOROUS POLY(N-[2-HYDROXYPROPYL]-METHACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL ON THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL LACERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdallah ◽  
Volodymyr Мedvediev ◽  
Nataliya Draguntsova ◽  
Nana Voitenko ◽  
Vitaliy Tsymbaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methacrylamide ◽  
Immediate Implantation

restoration of the spinal cord function presents a most severe biomedical issue nowadays. The aim of the study was to detect the macroporous poly(N-[2-hydroxypropyl]-methacrylamide hydrogel (PHPMA-hydrogel, HG) restorative effect dependence on the severity of the laceration spinal cord injury in young organisms. The male rats sample (~1-month-old, ~50 g, inbred Wistar line) was represented with 4 experimental groups: 1) spinal cord lateral hemisection at the level of ~Т12–Т13 segments (Sect; n=11); 2) spinal cord lateral hemiexcision ~1 mm long at the similar level (Exc; n=8); 3) spinal cord lateral hemisection at the similar level with immediate implantation of the hydrogel fragment into the trauma region (HGsect; n=11); 4) spinal cord lateral hemiexcision at the similar level with immediate implantation of the hydrogel fragment into the affected region (HGexс; n=6). The motor function and spasticity of the paretic hindlimb was estimated respectively by the technically modified Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (ВВВ) and Ashworth, conditionally blinded to individual characteristics of all operated animals and previous study results. The observation lasted for ~5 months. The criteria of non-inclusion were as follows: the ipsilateral hindlimb function level in a week after the injury >9 points ВВВ, and the contralateral hindlimb function level during prolonged period ≤14 points ВВВ. The results were interpreted and presented according to the standardized time scale with interpolatory representation of the motor function and spasticity individual level in certain cases. Asymptotic stage differences between the studied groups and subgroups were stated during the first three weeks as well as in 8 weeks and 3 months after the injury. We found out that in a week after injury the motor function level in group Exc made up 0.9±0.5 points ВВВ, in group HGexc — 3.6±1.2 points, in group Sect — 5.9±1.1 points, in group HGsect — 6.0±1.0 points. In 5 months the motor function level in group Sect made up 9.5±1.0 points ВВВ, in group HGsect — 9.5±1.1 points, in group Exc — 0.8±0.3 points, in group HGexc — 4.5±1.8 points. At the same study stage the spasticity level in groups Sect and HGsect was, respectively, 0.8±0.2 and 0.8±0.3 points Ashworth, in group HGexc — 1.8±0.7 points, in group Exc — 3.6±0.3 points. Throughout the study no significant differences in groups Sect and HGsect have been detected, and in groups Exc і HGexc such differences were detected only in 5 weeks after the injury. The considerable difference of spasticity in groups Sect and HGsect was noted in 1 week after the injury, in groups HGexc and Exc — during first 2 months of the experiment. In groups Sect and Exc reliable difference of both motor function and spasticity level was found at all study stages. In groups HGsect and HGexc considerable difference of the motor function level was characteristic at all stages, except for the end of the 1st and 7th weeks, whereas spasticity level differences throughout the study remained insignificant. So, the tested hydrogel in young organisms shows positive effect only with severe trauma stages accompanied with extensive spinal cord defect.

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