scholarly journals Issues and Challenges Confronting the Achievement of Zero Plastic Waste in Victoria, Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. M. Ng ◽  
Srenghang Ly ◽  
Nitin Muttil ◽  
Cuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Current Plan

Despite the increase in popularity of Zero Waste (ZW) concept, the successful implementation of this concept in waste management is still facing many challenges. The plastic recycling rate in Australia is currently only about 9.4%, which could leave up to 90.6% of plastic consumption being sent to landfills. The state of Victoria (in Australia) has proposed an ambitious plan to upgrade its waste and recycling system and to divert about 80% of waste from landfills by 2030. The aim of this research is to study Victoria’s current waste management plan and to develop a simulation model to assess the feasibility of it achieving zero plastic waste by 2035. In this direction, a fundamental knowledge of global ZW implementation needs to be acquired in order to understand the challenges, obstacles, and uncertainties in achieving ZW target. A simulation model is established using a method called double baselines. This method was developed as an improvisation to address the limitation of data availability for the model development. The model will run on 4 scenarios including one from Victoria’s current plan. Outcomes from the model are produced in comparative charts covering 6 key considerations including the rates of plastic consumption, waste to landfill, diversion, recycling, relative accumulative cost and effort. The findings of this study pointed out that Victoria’s current plan are feasible for its goal and presented with opportunities for improvement especially towards zero plastic waste. Besides, study results also reveal that the Victoria’s current plan to achieve 80% diversion rate by 2030 is possible but the zero plastic waste target by 2035 is less likely to happen.

scholarly journals Issues and Challenges Confronting the Achievement of Zero Plastic Waste in Victoria, Australia

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Anne W. M. Ng ◽  
Srenghang Ly ◽  
Nitin Muttil ◽  
Cuong Ngoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Diversion Rate

Despite the increase in popularity of the zero waste (ZW) concept, the successful implementation of this concept in waste management is still facing many challenges. The plastic recycling rate in Australia is at only about 9.4% (in 2017–2018). The state of Victoria (in Australia) has proposed an ambitious 10-year plan to upgrade its waste and recycling system and to divert about 80% of waste from landfills by 2030. The aim of this research is to study this currently proposed waste management plan and to develop a simulation model to assess the feasibility of achieving 80% diversion rate by 2030. The feasibility of achieving zero plastic waste by 2035 has also been assessed. In this direction, the existing knowledge of global ZW implementation has been reviewed to gain understanding of the challenges, obstacles, and uncertainties in achieving the ZW target. A simulation model is established using a method called double baselines. This method was developed to address the limitation of data availability for the model development. The model was run in 4 scenarios including one for Victoria’s current 10-year plan. Outcomes from the model are produced using six key considerations, including the rate of plastic consumption, waste to landfill, diversion rate, recycling rate, relative accumulative effort, and cost. The findings of this study point out that Victoria’s current plan for achieving an 80% diversion rate by 2030 is possible. On the other hand, the study results also suggest that achieving zero plastic waste by 2035 is less likely to happen. Hence, opportunities for improvement especially towards achieving the zero plastic waste are also presented.

Marine plastic waste input between 1990-2015 and potential beaching scenarios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Laufkoetter ◽  
Kevin Lang ◽  
Fabio Benedetti ◽  
Victor Onink ◽  
Meike Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Waste Production

<p>Marine plastic pollution has been recognized as a serious issue of global concern with substantial risks for marine ecosystems, fisheries, and food supply to people. Yet, the amount of plastic entering the ocean from land and rivers is barely understood. Currently, estimates exist for the coastal plastic input in the year 2010 on country-level resolution and for riverine plastic input for the year 2017. Key limitations are the restricted data availability on plastic waste production, waste collection and waste management. In addition, the transport of mismanaged plastic via wind and rivers is currently not well understood.</p><p>We present a model to estimate the global plastic input to the ocean for the years 1990-2015 on a 0.1x0.1° raster. To this end, we first train a machine learning model (random forests) and a linear mixed model to predict plastic waste production on country level, using data of municipal waste collection and several socio-economic predictor variables. We then estimate the amount of plastic waste that enters the environment, using high resolution population data and waste management data of each country. This is combined with distance-based probabilities of land and river transport to obtain the annual amount of plastic entering the ocean on a 0.1x0.1° spatial resolution. Our results indicate that global plastic waste production increased roughly linearly between 1990 to 2015. However, estimating the amount of mismanaged waste and the subsequent transport towards the ocean is afflicted with high uncertainties.</p><p>We then use the estimated plastic input into the ocean to force several Lagrangian model runs. These Lagrangian simulations include different parameterizations of plastic beaching, in particular they vary in terms of the beaching probabilities and the assumed residence time of plastic on beaches. We present the global distribution of beached plastic and the size of the reservoir of beached plastic in these model scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals Generation and Proportion Assessment of Hospitals Infectious Waste in Bandung Region Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 07018
Author(s):  
Fitria Novi ◽  
Damanhuri Enri ◽  
Rachmatiah Siti Salami Indah ◽  
Ulya Bunga Venny ◽  
Supriatin Yati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
Hospital Wastes ◽  
Infectious Waste

The accurate information about generation quantities of waste generated is a fundamental prerequisite for the successful implementation of any infectious waste management plan. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity of generation rate and proportion of hospital infectious waste at Bandung region, Indonesia. The generation and proportion of infectious waste data were collected by using direct sampling method from 7 hospitals, which was completed for three days continuously in hospitals inpatient installation. Afterwards, average generation and proportion were determined in comparison to certain important organizational and functional factors, such as the number of beds, bed coverage, the value of infectious waste management and handling, accreditation status, waste handler status, ownership status, the different of type and the class of hospital. The way that source of infectious wastes, generated from hospitals, vary by functional factors, was also illustrated and the most important influenced factors were identified. Generated infectious hospital wastes vary from 0.22 to 1.26 kg/patient/day. Proportion infectious hospital wastes also vary from 8, 88% to 47, 37%..

Relative export competitiveness of the Cambodian rice sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 3757-3778
Author(s):  
Sokvibol Kea ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Saleh Shahriar ◽  
Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Rice Policy ◽  
Sectoral Development

PurposeIn this paper, the authors derive time-varying relative export competitiveness (REC) of the Cambodian rice sector from 1995 to 2018 and examine the key determinants of the REC.Design/methodology/approachThree different REC indexes are calculated in this paper. The authors also developed the relative symmetric export competitiveness (RSEC) index for calculation of comparative advantage. The short-run regression (SRR) model was applied for capturing the determinants of the REC.FindingsThe study results reveal that Cambodia's rice exports became relatively competitive over time. The key findings suggest the Cambodian REC was strengthened as a result of a successful implementation of rice policy and rectangular strategy. The benefits gained from EBA and BRI were found to be the factors contributed to the REC. The higher per capita income had a positive effect on the REC, while higher domestic prices reduced the REC in some phases of the sectoral development.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed in two directions. First, the future studies might focus on other agro-products of Cambodia. Second, the development of the crop-specific factor endowment (CFE) model to consider the effect of endowment factors on the REC could be preferred in light of the data availability.Originality/valueThe research enriches the literature on the agricultural trade and provides a basis for further studies. This work makes a few contributions. First, it is the first study on the REC analysis for the Cambodian rice sector. Second, the latest 24-year data sets were covered. Third, a wide range of comparisons of REC among the world's top rice exporters was provided following implications of the various economic policies and foreign policy strategies, such as RS, EBA and BRI.

scholarly journals Water, energy, and food nexus: review of global implementation and simulation model development

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Wicaksono ◽  
Gimoon Jeong ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Feedback Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Potential Alternative

Water, energy, and food (WEF) have complex interconnections. Water is required to produce energy, while energy is needed for water extraction, treatment, and distribution. The food sector requires water and energy to produce food products, while fertilizer and pesticide from farmland have a negative impact on water quality; however, biomass is a potential alternative energy source. Understanding these interconnections will help determine the developmental framework that connects all of the elements. Some global regions have implemented a variety of sustainable management concepts to manage the natural resources, however, mainly for an individual resource. Furthermore, various computer models have been developed to estimate the interdependency of each resource and to quantify future requirements of WEF; the limitations of current models have opened opportunities for development through the addition of components and features such as feedback analysis, optimization, and visualization. We reviewed the literature to determine the present state of the WEF nexus, especially its global implementation and simulation model. We concluded that the involvement of stakeholders, integration of policies, and development of a nexus simulation model are required for successful implementation of the WEF nexus, which is an emerging issue for a sustainable resources' management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Generation, of Household Waste and Its Potential Utilization in Darul Imarah subdistrict - Aceh Besar District

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 729-733
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia ◽  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Zubir Zubir
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Household Waste Management

Abstract   BACKGROUND: Darul Imarah District is one of the largest sub-districts in Aceh Besar, which is very dense and faces a waste problem. The increase in population in the Darul Imarah sub-district has resulted in waste generation.   AIM: analyzing the generation, composition of household waste and its potential use in Darul Imarah subdistrict, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province   METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional study design by conducting an initial survey on the generationvolume and composition of waste in each house selected as a sample and continued with an experimental study. The research object is solid wastegarbage generated from daily activities in the selected sample group households in the Darul Imarah sub-district in the form of primary data from sampling, with a random sampling technique. The number of samples of 100 houses with the respondent's target is housewives. Data analysis was carried out using the T-Test difference test to compare the value before being given knowledge about household waste management after being given knowledge.   RESULTS: The study results show differences in the generation and composition of waste before and after being given knowledge about household waste management in Darul Imarah District, Kab. Aceh Besar with a significant (sig.) Of 0.000 (0.05). The total waste produced before being given knowledge about waste management was 164.6 kg. The composition of the waste consists of plastic waste (22.9 kg), wet waste (62.5 kg), dry waste (37.4 kg), and glass waste (41.8 kg). After being given knowledge about waste management, there was a reduction in the total waste produced, namely 131.8 kg. A significant reduction in the amount of waste in the volume of plastic waste (7.8 kg), wet waste (48.0 kg), dry waste (37.3 kg), and glass waste (38.8 kg). There is a difference in the volume of plastic waste in plastic waste after being given knowledge about household waste management, with the difference between the average before and after is 0.1530 and the difference is between 0.1045 - 0.2015 (95% Ci). In wet waste, there is a difference in the volume of wet waste after being given knowledge about household waste management with the difference between the before and after averages of 0.1450 and the difference between the differences is between 0.0784 - 0.2116 (95% Ci). In dry waste, there is no difference in the volume of dry waste after being given knowledge about household waste management with an average difference before and after of 0.0020, and the difference is between -, 0008 - 0.0048 (95% Ci). There is a difference in the volume of glass waste in glass waste after being given knowledge about household waste management with the difference between the before and after an average of 0.0310 and the difference between the differences between 0.0170 - 0.0450 (95% Ci). CONCLUSION:   There are differences in the generation and composition of waste before and after being given knowledge about household waste management in Darul Imarah District, Kab. Aceh Besar with a significant (sig.) of 0.000 (0.05).

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