scholarly journals Effects of Selected Soil and Water Conservation Structures on Soil Physiochemical Properties, Lemo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Chernet Madolo ◽  
Yohannes Horamo More ◽  
Melese Gogo Masamo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

Soil erosion is now almost universally recognized as a serious threat to man's well-being, if not his very existence. As a result, we assessed the soil physicochemical properties of two possible levels of soil bund and fanya juu. RCBD with three replications was used to collect soil samples from each soil conservation structure. Five composite soil samples were collected from each soil structure based on slop (0-30cm). Soil physicochemical properties such as erosion index, dispersion ratio, and erodibility proportionality ratio were investigated. The effect of different soil structure levels revealed that soil properties differed significantly (P≤0.05) for all parameters studied. The control plots had significantly higher (P≤0.05) dispersion ratio, erosion indexes, and erodibility proportionality than the soils treated by the level bund and level Fanya juu structures. On the control plot, this result showed lower clay content and higher sand content. The level of soil bund and fanya juu had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on soil OC, CEC, OM, and TN, as well as available phosphorous and potassium. As a result, all related soil properties show a positive relative change when the level of soil bund and fanya juu is compared to the control plot. Aside from this result, the dynamic natures of the sciences compel us to conduct additional research based on the agro-ecological zones of the study area.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Structures on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties: The Case of Ejersa Lafo District, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adugna Tolesa ◽  
Siraj Mammo ◽  
Eve Bohnett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil And Water

Land degradation in the form of soil erosion and fertility depletion is the major environmental problem in Ethiopia. However, to curb this problem, soil and water conservation (SWC) structures are commonly practiced in many rural parts of Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the effects of SWC structures on selected soil physicochemical properties in Ejersa Lafo district. For this study, two kebeles (peasant associations) were selected purposively from the district based on the severity of soil erosion and information on SWC practices. The research design employed in this study was systematic, randomized, complete block design. A total of 12 composite soil samples were collected from the depth of 0 to 20 cm at two subwatersheds, namely, Jamjam laga batu and Koriso Odo guba with SWC and without SWC structures at three landscape positions. All the soil samples were analyzed following the standard and recommended procedures. The effect of independent variables (SWC practices and landscape positions) on the dependent variables (soil properties) was statistically tested using the SPSS computer program 21. In this study, most of the selected soil physicochemical properties were affected by watershed management intervention (SWC) structures. Soil moisture content (SMC), clay, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total N (TN), available (AP), available K (AK), and organic carbon (OC) were higher in the subwatershed treated with SWC structures (conserved), whereas bulk density, silt, and sand were higher in the subwatershed without SWC structures (nonconserved). Most of the selected soil chemical properties were significantly varied ( p < 0.05 ) between conserved and nonconserved farm land except EC. All the selected soil physicochemical properties did not show any significant variation ( p < 0.05 ) at landscape positions except sandy soil. The physicochemical soil properties of selected parameters were in good conditions in the conserved areas with higher N and OM and lower BD, indicating fertility of the soil compared with the nonconserved land. The implementation of SWC structures improved some of the physicochemical properties of soil, such as SMC, clay particle, pH, EC, total N, AP, AK, and OC in the study area. Furthermore, efforts are required to enhance community adoption towards soil and water conservation. Additionally, further research has to be carried out on socioeconomic aspects and impacts of the intervention on crop productivity for better understanding of the sustainable use of the land.

scholarly journals Effect of Slope Aspect and Land Use Types on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties in North Western Ethiopian Highlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gebretsadik Melak Tamene ◽  
Hailu Kindie Adiss ◽  
Melese Yigzaw Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Land Use Types

Recent research findings imply that the slope aspect has a great impact on soil genesis and soil microclimate. The microclimate has a significant effect on the soil geobiochemical processes taking place in the soil. However, the slope aspect impact on soil properties has not been yet studied well in Ethiopia, particularly in the northern highlands. This research was initiated to link selected soil physicochemical properties with slope aspects under different land use practices. The research was conducted in Gumara-Maksegnit watershed located at the upper Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. Four slope aspects, eastward (Ew), northward (Nw), southward (Sw), and westward (Ww), and three land use types at each slope aspect, cropland (Cl), forest land (Fl), and grazing land (Gl), were considered. In total, 36 undisturbed soil samples for bulk density and 36 disturbed soil samples for selected soil properties were collected. Soil particle size (texture), bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), soil pH, available phosphorus (av. P), available potassium (av. K), total nitrogen (TN), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were analyzed. The resulting analyses showed no significant variation (p<0.05) across both slope aspects and/or land use types for soil pH and EC, whereas the slope aspect showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on SOC, TN, av. K, and av. P. The highest significant (p<0.05) mean value of SOC was observed in the Ww (3.04%) followed by Nw (2.52%) but SOC was not significant (p<0.05) between Sw and Ew. While the highest av. K (1233.2 centimole/kilogram) and av. phosphorus (35.76 ppm) were observed in Nw slope aspect, the highest TN was in the Ww slope aspect (0.24%). The significant effect (p<0.05) of land uses can be summarized as Fl > Gl > Cl for SOC and TN. A strong positive correlation was observed between SOC and TN (R2 = 0.997) and av. K and av. P (R2 = 0.58) at p<0.05. Generally, the slope aspect, land use types, and their interaction had a significant effect on soil physicochemical properties.

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties: The Case of Ejersa Lafo District, Central Highlands of Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Mammo ◽  
Adugna Tolesa ◽  
Eve Bohnett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract BackgroundLand degradation in the form of soil erosion and fertility depletion is the major environmental problem in Ethiopia. However to curb this problem, Soil and Water conservation (SWC) measures are commonly practiced in many rural parts of Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the effects of SWC measures on selected soil quality indicators in Ejersa Lafo District. For this study two peasant associations (kebeles) were selected from the district based on the severity of soil erosion and information on SWC practices. A total of 12 composite soil samples from soil 0 to 20cm depth from two sub watersheds with SWC and without SWC practices at Jamjam laga batu and Koriso Odo guba from three landscape positions (upper slope, middle slope, and bottom) were collected. All the soil samples were analyzed following the standard and recommended procedures in Ambo University chemistry laboratory and subjected to ANOVA using the SPSS computer program. ResultMost of the selected soil physicochemical properties were affected by watershed management intervention. Comparing the two farmlands, the highest bulky density of 1.37gcm-3 was observed from unconserved farmland. The results of the study also showed higher values of Soil electrical conductivity (EC), Total nitrogen (TN), Cation exchange capacity (CEC), Soil Organic matter (SOM), Organic Carbon, Available Phosphorus (Av. P) and Available Potassium (Av. K) in conserved land and those all significantly varied between farm plots. On the other hand, Sandy, pH, SOM, TN, Av. P and Av. K values were significantly affected (p<0.05) by slope and all increased from upper (>30%), middle (15-30%) and lower (8-15%). ConclusionThe contribution of watershed management intervention to improve soil physicochemical properties is significant in the study area as it improved some of the selected soil physicochemical properties of soil. Furthermore, efforts are required to enhance community adoption towards soil and water conservation. Additionally, further research has to be carried out on socio-economic aspects and impacts of the intervention on crop productivity for better understanding of the sustainable use of the land and to make a comprehensive conclusion.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate from Rubber Processing Effluent on Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Muniratu Maliki ◽  
Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen ◽  
Mulu Emmanuel Khan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
Acidic Region

Anaerobic digestion of rubber processing effluent (RPE) was conducted at 1:1 Effluent to Inoculums ratio to obtain biogas at a 40–day retention time. The physicochemical properties of the RPE were determined before and after anaerobic digestion. Digestate obtained thereof was used as soil amendment to investigate its bio-fertility potential. To study the effects, three kilograms (3Kg) of soil samples were separately treated with 0, 200, 400, 600 of the digested RPE. The effluent applied were thoroughly mixed with the soil, watered regularly and left for eight weeks for adequate mineralisation and equilibration. The soil physicochemical properties were determined before and after the amendment. The results from the amended soils showed that application of the digestate enhanced soil quality (as soil organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, Na and % base saturation were significantly higher than in the control). However, the soil pH remained in the acidic region and the soil exchangeable acidity reduced. Keywords: Digestate, soil properties, biogas, RPE.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Bund and Stone-Faced Soil Bund on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Yield Under Rain-Fed Conditions of Northwest Ethiopia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulat Guadie ◽  
Eyayu Molla ◽  
Mulatie Mekonnen ◽  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Slope Gradient

Research-based evidence on the effects of soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield is vital either to adopt the practices or design alternative land management strategies. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of about 10-year-old soil bund (SB) and stone-faced soil bund (SFSB) structures on selected soil physicochemical properties, slope gradient, barley grain yield, and yield components in the Lole watershed, in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of three treatments: (i) fields treated with SB, (ii) fields treated with SFSB, and (iii) fields without conservation practices (control) with three replications at three slope classes. A total of 27 composite soil samples from 0 to 20 cm depth and barley grain yield samples from 27 locations were collected. The soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, soil texture, porosity, soil reaction, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium. Barley grain yield was analyzed using different agronomic parameters. The result indicated that SB and SFSB positively influenced the physicochemical properties of soils and barley grain yield. The interslope gradient between the successive SBs and SFSBs was reducing. Moreover, the untreated fields showed significantly lower barley grain yield, plant height, and straw biomass. Hence, SB and SFSB practices were found to be effective in changing slope gradient, improving soil fertility, and increasing crop yield. Therefore, this finding is vital to create awareness and convince farmers to construct SWCPs on their farmlands for sustainable land management.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING SURFACE SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES USING LANDSAT IMAGES: A CASE STUDY IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W16 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
A. M. F. Al-Quraishi ◽  
H. A. Sadiq ◽  
J. P. Messina
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Landsat 7

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Quickly and accurately soil properties characterization is critical for many environmental and agricultural activities. This paper aimed at characterizing and modelling the surface soil physicochemical properties using soil laboratory analyses, Landsat-7 ETM+ images, statistical analyses, remote sensing and GIS techniques. A mosaic of two Landsat-7 ETM+ images and forty geo-referenced surface soil samples (0&amp;ndash;10&amp;thinsp;cm) have been collected in 2012 from forty sites in the Iraqi Kurdistan region were used. Several physicochemical properties for the collected soil samples were estimated using laboratory analyses. In addition, the corresponding top-of-atmosphere(ToA) reflectance values, which extracted from the Landsat ETM+ images have been used. Statistical correlation and regression analyses using the SPSS were carried out to explore the most significant relationships among soil properties and the spectral bands of the ETM+ images. Predicted maps for the surface soil physicochemical characteristics were generated using ERDAS ER-Mapper. The study results revealed some significant relationships between the ETM+ images bands values and the studied soil properties. The strongest relationship was found to be between the air-dry soil moisture content (ADSMC) and the ETM+ images bands. Given a representative collection of field data, the methods presented offer a reliable set of tools for the rapid production of surface soil maps in arid environments.</p>

Correlation of pH on Soil Physicochemical Properties using Linear Regression Model for Spectral Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3492-3500
Author(s):  
Vipin Y. Borole ◽  
◽  
Sonali B. Kulkarni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Technique

Soil properties may be varied by spatially and temporally with different agricultural practices. An accurate and reliable soil properties assessment is challenging issue in soil analysis. The soil properties assessment is very important for understanding the soil properties, nutrient management, influence of fertilizers and relation between soil properties which are affecting the plant growth. Conventional laboratory methods used to analyses soil properties are generally impractical because they are time-consuming, expensive and sometimes imprecise. On other hand, Visible and infrared spectroscopy can effectively characterize soil. Spectroscopic measurements are rapid, precise and inexpensive. Soil spectroscopy has shown to be a fast, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-destructive, reproducible and repeatable analytical technique. In the present research, we use spectroscopy techniques for soil properties analysis. The spectra of agglomerated farming soils were acquired by the ASD Field spec 4 spectroradiometer. Different fertilizers treatment applied soil samples are collected in pre monsoon and post monsoon season for 2 year (4 season) for banana and cotton crops in the form of DS-I and DS-II respectively. The soil spectra of VNIR region were preprocessed to get pure spectra. Then process the acquired spectral data by statistical methods for quantitative analysis of soil properties. The detected soil properties were carbon, Nitrogen, soil organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, moisture sand, silt and clay. Soil pH is most important chemical properties that describe the relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It directly effect on plant growth and other soil properties. The relationship between pH properties on soil physical and chemical parameters and their influence were analyses by using linear regression model and show the performance of regression model with R2 and RMSE. Keywords soil; physicochemical properties; spectroscopy; pH

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient Depletion Is Associated with the Presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (24) ◽  
pp. 7086-7092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viriya Hantrakun ◽  
Patpong Rongkard ◽  
Malinee Oyuchua ◽  
Premjit Amornchai ◽  
Cherry Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a soil-dwelling bacterium and the cause of melioidosis, which kills an estimated 89,000 people per year worldwide. Agricultural workers are at high risk of infection due to repeated exposure to the bacterium. Little is known about the soil physicochemical properties associated with the presence or absence of the organism. Here, we evaluated the soil physicochemical properties and presence ofB. pseudomalleiin 6,100 soil samples collected from 61 rice fields in Thailand. The presence ofB. pseudomalleiwas negatively associated with the proportion of clay, proportion of moisture, level of salinity, percentage of organic matter, presence of cadmium, and nutrient levels (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron). The presence ofB. pseudomalleiwas not associated with the level of soil acidity (P= 0.54). In a multivariable logistic regression model, the presence ofB. pseudomalleiwas negatively associated with the percentage of organic matter (odds ratio [OR], 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.47;P= 0.007), level of salinity (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.74;P= 0.03), and percentage of soil moisture (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.00;P= 0.05). Our study suggests thatB. pseudomalleithrives in rice fields that are nutrient depleted. Some agricultural practices result in a decline in soil nutrients, which may impact the presence and amount ofB. pseudomalleibacteria in affected areas.IMPORTANCEBurkholderia pseudomalleiis an environmental Gram-negative bacillus and the cause of melioidosis. Humans acquire the disease following skin inoculation, inhalation, or ingestion of the bacterium in the environment. The presence ofB. pseudomalleiin soil defines geographic regions where humans and livestock are at risk of melioidosis, yet little is known about the soil properties associated with the presence of the organism. We evaluated the soil properties and presence ofB. pseudomalleiin 61 rice fields in East, Central, and Northeast Thailand. We demonstrated that the organism was more commonly found in soils with lower levels of organic matter and nutrients, including phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. We also demonstrated that crop residue burning after harvest, which can reduce soil nutrients, was not uncommon. Some agricultural practices result in a decline in soil nutrients, which may impact the presence and amount ofB. pseudomalleibacteria in affected areas.

Changes in water conservation and soil physicochemical properties during the recovery of desertified grassland in Zoigê, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
税伟 SHUI Wei ◽  
白剑平 BAI Jianping ◽  
简小枚 JIAN Xiaomei ◽  
祁新华 QI Xinhua ◽  
苏正安 SU Zheng'an ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties
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