Automated annual cropland mapping  from reconstructed time series of Landsat data

Methodology of automated human settlement mapping is highly needed for utilization of historical satellite data archives for urgent issues of urban growth in global scale, such as disaster risk management, public health, food security, and urban management. As development of global data with spatial resolution of 10-100 m was achieved by some initiatives using ASTER, Landsat, and TerraSAR-X, next goal has targeted to development of time-series data which can contribute to studies urban development with background context of socioeconomy, disaster risk management, public health, transport and other development issues. We developed an automated algorithm to detect human settlement by classification of built-up and non-built-up in time-series Landsat images. A machine learning algorithm, Local and Global Consistency (LLGC), was applied with improvements for remote sensing data. The algorithm enables to use MCD12Q1, a MODIS-based global land cover map with 500-m resolution, as training data so that any manual process is not required for preparation of training data. In addition, we designed the method to composite multiple results of LLGC into a single output to reduce uncertainty. The LLGC results has a confidence value ranging 0.0 to 1.0 representing probability of built-up and non-built-up. The median value of the confidence for a certain period around a target time was expected to be a robust output of confidence to identify built-up or non-built-up areas against uncertainties in satellite data quality, such as cloud and haze contamination. Four scenes of Landsat data for each target years, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, were chosen among the Landsat archive data with cloud contamination less than 20%.We developed a system with the algorithms on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS) in the University of Tokyo and processed 5200 scenes of Landsat data for cities with more than one million people worldwide.

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DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-SERIES HUMAN SETTLEMENT MAPPING SYSTEM USING HISTORICAL LANDSAT ARCHIVE

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1385-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B8 ◽

pp. 1385-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Miyazaki ◽

M. Nagai ◽

R. Shibasaki

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Time Series ◽

Risk Management ◽

Satellite Data ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Disaster Risk Management ◽

Training Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Landsat Data ◽

Human Settlement

Methodology of automated human settlement mapping is highly needed for utilization of historical satellite data archives for urgent issues of urban growth in global scale, such as disaster risk management, public health, food security, and urban management. As development of global data with spatial resolution of 10-100 m was achieved by some initiatives using ASTER, Landsat, and TerraSAR-X, next goal has targeted to development of time-series data which can contribute to studies urban development with background context of socioeconomy, disaster risk management, public health, transport and other development issues. We developed an automated algorithm to detect human settlement by classification of built-up and non-built-up in time-series Landsat images. A machine learning algorithm, Local and Global Consistency (LLGC), was applied with improvements for remote sensing data. The algorithm enables to use MCD12Q1, a MODIS-based global land cover map with 500-m resolution, as training data so that any manual process is not required for preparation of training data. In addition, we designed the method to composite multiple results of LLGC into a single output to reduce uncertainty. The LLGC results has a confidence value ranging 0.0 to 1.0 representing probability of built-up and non-built-up. The median value of the confidence for a certain period around a target time was expected to be a robust output of confidence to identify built-up or non-built-up areas against uncertainties in satellite data quality, such as cloud and haze contamination. Four scenes of Landsat data for each target years, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, were chosen among the Landsat archive data with cloud contamination less than 20%.We developed a system with the algorithms on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS) in the University of Tokyo and processed 5200 scenes of Landsat data for cities with more than one million people worldwide.

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Mapping annual urban dynamics (1985–2015) using time series of Landsat data

Remote Sensing of Environment ◽

10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 674-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Xuecao Li ◽

Yuyu Zhou ◽

Zhengyuan Zhu ◽

Lu Liang ◽

Bailang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Landsat Data ◽

Urban Dynamics

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A high-performance and in-season classification system of field-level crop types using time-series Landsat data and a machine learning approach

Remote Sensing of Environment ◽

10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Yaping Cai ◽

Kaiyu Guan ◽

Jian Peng ◽

Shaowen Wang ◽

Christopher Seifert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Time Series ◽

Classification System ◽

High Performance ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Landsat Data ◽

Field Level ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Crop Types

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Time-Series Model-Adjusted Percentile Features: Improved Percentile Features for Land-Cover Classification Based on Landsat Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12183091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 3091

Author(s):

Shuai Xie ◽

Liangyun Liu ◽

Jiangning Yang

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Land Cover ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Land Cover Classification ◽

Time Series Model ◽

Training Data ◽

Series Data ◽

Landsat Data ◽

Data Sampling ◽

Continuous Change

Percentile features derived from Landsat time-series data are widely adopted in land-cover classification. However, the temporal distribution of Landsat valid observations is highly uneven across different pixels due to the gaps resulting from clouds, cloud shadows, snow, and the scan line corrector (SLC)-off problem. In addition, when applying percentile features, land-cover change in time-series data is usually not considered. In this paper, an improved percentile called the time-series model (TSM)-adjusted percentile is proposed for land-cover classification based on Landsat data. The Landsat data were first modeled using three different time-series models, and the land-cover changes were continuously monitored using the continuous change detection (CCD) algorithm. The TSM-adjusted percentiles for stable pixels were then derived from the synthetic time-series data without gaps. Finally, the TSM-adjusted percentiles were used for generating supervised random forest classifications. The proposed methods were implemented on Landsat time-series data of three study areas. The classification results were compared with those obtained using the original percentiles derived from the original time-series data with gaps. The results show that the land-cover classifications obtained using the proposed TSM-adjusted percentiles have significantly higher overall accuracies than those obtained using the original percentiles. The proposed method was more effective for forest types with obvious phenological characteristics and with fewer valid observations. In addition, it was also robust to the training data sampling strategy. Overall, the methods proposed in this work can provide accurate characterization of land cover and improve the overall classification accuracy based on such metrics. The findings are promising for percentile-based land cover classification using Landsat time series data, especially in the areas with frequent cloud coverage.

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Mapping Cropping Practices on a National Scale Using Intra-Annual Landsat Time Series Binning

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11030232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 232 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Philippe Rufin ◽

David Frantz ◽

Stefan Ernst ◽

Andreas Rabe ◽

Patrick Griffiths ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Water Resource ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Tasseled Cap ◽

Temporal Features ◽

Cropping Practices ◽

Greenhouse Cultivation ◽

Province Level ◽

Cropland Mapping

Spatially explicit information on cropland use intensity is vital for monitoring land and water resource demands in agricultural systems. Cropping practices underlie substantial spatial and temporal variability, which can be captured through the analysis of image time series. Temporal binning helps to overcome limitations concerning operability and repeatability for mapping large areas and can improve the thematic detail and consistency of maps in agricultural systems. We here assessed the use of annual, quarterly, and eight-day temporal features for mapping five cropping practices on annual croplands across Turkey. We used 2403 atmospherically corrected and topographically normalized Landsat Collection 1 L1TP images of 2015 to compute quarterly best-pixel composites, quarterly and annual spectral-temporal metrics, as well as gap-filled eight-day time series of Tasseled Cap components. We tested 22 feature sets for binary cropland mapping, and subsequent discrimination of five cropping practices: Spring and winter cropping, summer cropping, semi-aquatic cropping, double cropping, and greenhouse cultivation. We evaluated area-adjusted accuracies and compared cropland area estimates at the province-level with official statistics. We achieved overall accuracies above 90%, when using either all quarterly features or the eight-day Tasseled Cap time series, indicating that temporal binning of intra-annual image time-series into multiple temporal features improves representations of cropping practices. Class accuracies of winter and spring, summer, and double cropping were robust, while omission errors for semi-aquatic cropping and greenhouse cultivation were high. Our mapped cropland extent was in good agreement with province-level statistics (r2 = 0.85, RMSE = 7.2%). Our results indicate that 71.3% (±2.3%) of Turkey’s annual croplands were cultivated during winter and spring, 15.8% (±2.2%) during summer, while 8.5% (±1.6%) were double-cropped, 4% (±1.9%) were cultivated under semi-aquatic conditions, and 0.32% (±0.2%) was greenhouse cultivation. Our study presents an open and readily available framework for detailed cropland mapping over large areas, which bears the potential to inform assessments of land use intensity, as well as land and water resource demands.

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Long-Term Monitoring of Transformation from Pastoral to Agricultural Land Use Using Time-Series Landsat Data in the Feija Basin (Southeast Morocco)

Earth Systems and Environment ◽

10.1007/s41748-019-00110-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 525-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Atman Ait Lamqadem ◽

Hafid Saber ◽

Biswajeet Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Time Series ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Agricultural Land Use ◽

Landsat Data ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

Term Monitoring

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A WAVELET BASED SIGNIFICANCE TEST FOR PERIODICITIES IN INDIAN MONSOON RAINFALL

International Journal of Wavelets Multiresolution and Information Processing ◽

10.1142/s0219691308002355 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 291-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

SARITA AZAD ◽

R. NARASIMHA ◽

S. K. SETT

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Indian Monsoon ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Significance Test ◽

Rainfall Time Series ◽

Reference Spectrum ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Reconstructed Time Series ◽

Fourier Spectral Methods ◽

Stationary Component

This paper is a sequel to a recent study of the authors' that uses a combination of multiresolution analysis (MRA) and classical Fourier spectral methods, to identify 17 peaks in the power spectral density of the Homogeneous Indian Monsoon (HIM) rainfall time series constructed in Ref. 1. Here we propose a new procedure for testing the statistical significance of these peaks. In this procedure, using MRA the stationary component of the rainfall time series is first identified. Then (partially) reconstructed time series are derived over each scale band in the stationary component. For each of these time series an appropriately colored reference spectrum is derived. The significance of the detected peaks is then determined using a χ2 test against the reference spectra, which together represent a noise process spectrally close to rainfall. It is concluded that HIM rainfall exhibits 10 statistically significant periodicities at a confidence level of 99.9%.

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