Marijuana Use Among Justice-Involved Youths After California Statewide Legalization, 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392
Author(s):  
Emily Kan ◽  
Jordan Beardslee ◽  
Paul J. Frick ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Law ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Use

Objectives. To determine the impact of California’s recreational marijuana legalization on marijuana use among justice system–involved (JSI) adolescents and young adults, and to distinguish whether any changes resulted from legalization (passing the law) or from implementation of the law. Methods. We compared changes in JSI youths’ marijuana use in 2 states: California (n = 504), where recreational marijuana use was recently legalized, and Pennsylvania (n = 478), where recreational use is still prohibited. Furthermore, we examined changes in marijuana use across 3 key time periods (October 2015–June 2018): before legalization, after legalization but before implementation, and after implementation. Results. California JSI youths did not demonstrate a significant increase in marijuana use after legalization (b = −0.010; P = .950) or implementation (b = −0.046; P = .846). However, in Pennsylvania, rates of marijuana use increased significantly after legalization (b = 0.602; P = .001) but not after implementation (b = 0.174; P = .533). Conclusions. Although recreational marijuana legalization was not associated with changes in marijuana use among youths in California, we observed increased rates of use in Pennsylvania after legalization in California. Recreational marijuana laws may be indirectly related to youths’ marijuana use by supporting more permissive national attitudes toward marijuana.

scholarly journals Reasons for Marijuana Use and Its Perceived Effectiveness in Therapeutic and Recreational Marijuana Users Among People Living with HIV in Florida

Cannabis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Ruba Sajdeya ◽  
Verlin Joseph ◽  
Nichole Setten ◽  
Gladys Ibañez ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Reasons For Use ◽  
Specific Reason

Therapeutic and recreational marijuana use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the distinction between perceived "therapeutic" and "recreational" use is blurred, with little information about the specific reasons for use and perceived marijuana effectiveness in adults with chronic conditions. We aimed to compare reasons for use and reason-specific perceived marijuana effectiveness between therapeutic and recreational users among PLWH. In 2018-2019, 213 PLWH currently using marijuana (mean age 48 years, 59% male, 69% African American) completed a questionnaire assessing their specific reasons for using marijuana, including the "main reason." Participants were categorized into one of three motivation groups: therapeutic, recreational, or both equally. For each specific reason, participants rated marijuana effectiveness as 0-10, with 10 being the most effective. The mean effectiveness scores were compared across the three motivation groups via ANOVA, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The most frequent main reasons for marijuana use in the therapeutic (n=63, 37%), recreational (n=48, 28%), and both equally (n=59, 35%) categories were "Pain" (21%), "To get high" (32%), and "To relax" (20%), respectively. Compared to recreational users, therapeutic and both equally users provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "Pain," and "To reduce anger." The "Both equally" group also provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "To feel better in general," "To get high," and "To relax" compared to the other two categories. There is a significant overlap in self-reported reasons for marijuana use in primarily therapeutic or recreational users. Perceived marijuana effectiveness was lowest among recreational users.

scholarly journals Women's Experiences of the Justice System

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
J Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Law Commission

This article considers the impact of gender upon women's experiences of the New Zealand justice system, as lawyers and clients. As well as summarising study and survey material, it draws upon information provided to the Law Commission in the course of its project on Women's Acces to Justice: He Putanga mo nga Wahine ki te Tika. It concludes that women are still significantly disadvantaged by the justice system as a result of their gender and that there is an ongoing need for debate and consideration of these issues if women's access to justice is to be improved.

The Impact of Marijuana Policies on Youth: Clinical, Research, and Legal Update

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Seth Ammerman ◽  
Sheryl Ryan ◽  
William P. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Adolescent Marijuana Use ◽  
Adolescent Brain Development

This technical report updates the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics technical report on the legalization of marijuana. Current epidemiology of marijuana use is presented, as are definitions and biology of marijuana compounds, side effects of marijuana use, and effects of use on adolescent brain development. Issues concerning medical marijuana specifically are also addressed. Concerning legalization of marijuana, 4 different approaches in the United States are discussed: legalization of marijuana solely for medical purposes, decriminalization of recreational use of marijuana, legalization of recreational use of marijuana, and criminal prosecution of recreational (and medical) use of marijuana. These approaches are compared, and the latest available data are presented to aid in forming public policy. The effects on youth of criminal penalties for marijuana use and possession are also addressed, as are the effects or potential effects of the other 3 policy approaches on adolescent marijuana use. Recommendations are included in the accompanying policy statement.

The Impact of Marijuana Legalization on Law Enforcement in States Surrounding Colorado

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Ward ◽  
Paul A. Lucas ◽  
Alexandra Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
The Impact

Since the legalization of recreational marijuana occurred in Colorado, politicians, academics, and the public have been paying close attention to what impact, if any, the legalization of recreational marijuana has on crime, substance use and abuse, and state revenue gains. However, research has not identified the potential impact that marijuana legalization has had on law enforcement officers in neighboring states. This study used survey methodology to explore how the legalization of recreational marijuana in Colorado has affected law enforcement officers and their duties in states that border Colorado. Using multistage cluster sampling, municipal police departments and sheriff’s offices in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming were selected for inclusion in this study based off their proximity to Colorado and because none had legalized either medical or recreational marijuana at the time of this study. Results indicate that law enforcement officers view Colorado’s legalization of recreational marijuana as having a negative impact on their enforcement duties. Respondents note an increase in potency, perceived juvenile use, and strain on their resources as major issues they are now having to deal with. Analysis indicates that departments further away from Colorado perceive less of an impact than counties closer to Colorado’s border. Compared with Nebraska and Kansas, respondents from Wyoming perceived a larger impact on enforcement, but these differences were diminished when controlling for personal perceptions of marijuana.

scholarly journals Puff, The Magic Dragon, and the Estate Planner

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Gerry W. Beyer ◽  
Brooke Dacus
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Estate Planning ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

With the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in almost half of the states, practitioners need to be aware of the interface between marijuana and estate planning. This Article provides a discussion of the major issues that arise in this context. After bringing readers current with the history of legalized marijuana, the Article focuses on how marijuana use may impact a user’s capacity to execute a will and other estate planning documents. The Article then examines other estate planning concerns such as will and trust provisions conditioning benefits on the non-use of “illegal drugs” and the impact of marijuana use on life insurance policies. The Article wraps up with a discussion of how an estate planner may deal with marijuana-based assets when planning an estate and how to value those assets after the owner has died.

scholarly journals DIVERSI TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
I Made Wiharsa
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Type

Diversion of narcotic crime in the criminal justice system for the children. Children in conflict with the law, especially in narcotic cases not specifically regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 on the Narcotics. During this time the children in conflict with the law that is drafted in the Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Criminal Justice System for The Children. Criminal punishment against with a certain person started because that person has committed a crime. Children in the case of a criminal act of narcotics criminal sanctions will have a negative impact on a child's future. Referring to the criminal justice system for the children are known to attempt a diversion to divert the child's completion of the criminal case of the trial into a non-judicial process. This research with the normative methods research type, which aims to determine the impact of the imposition of criminal sanctions and diversion efforts for children in narcotic crime. Diversi tindak pidana narkotika dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum khususnya dalam tindak pidana narkotika belum diatur secara khusus dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika. Selama ini terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor. 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.  Penjatuhan pidana terhadap seseorang bermula karena seseorang tersebut telah melakukan suatu tindak pidana. Anak dalam hal melakukan tindak pidana narkotika yang dijatuhi sanksi pidana akan berdampak buruk pada masa depan anak. Mengacu pada sistem peradilan pidana anak yang dikenal upaya diversi untuk mengalihkan penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana anak dari proses peradilan ke proses non peradilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda penelitian hukum normatif, yang bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui dampak penjatuhan sanksi pidana dan upaya diversi bagi anak dalam tindak pidana narkotika.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Recreational and Medical Marijuana Laws On Drug Use Among Adults and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Hollingsworth ◽  
Coady Wing ◽  
Ashley Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Negligible Effect ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws ◽  
Recreational Use

Thirty-four states have adopted medical marijuana laws and ten states have adopted recreational marijuana laws. There is little research comparing how these two types of laws affect drug consumption of the general US population. Using a difference in difference strategy, we find that recreational laws increase past-year marijuana use by 25% among adults and by 10% among adolescents. In contrast, medical laws increase adult use by only 5% and have a negligible effect on adolescent use. We also find that recreational marijuana dispensaries are an important driver of the increase in marijuana use for adults 26 and over. Taken together, our results suggest that medical laws are not de facto recreational laws in that they succeed in mitigating recreational use, that recreational laws have broad effects on overall levels of marijuana use, and that underage marijuana use may be an important problem with existing implementations of recreational marijuana laws.

scholarly journals Yurisprudensi Terapeutik: Peran Integratif Psikologi dalam Proses Hukum untuk Melayani Kesejahteraan Pribadi (Well-Being) Klien Hukum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juneman Abraham
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Therapeutic Jurisprudence ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Therapeutic Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Consequences ◽  
System P ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Until recently there has been no general theory concerning the impact of legal processes upon participant wellbeing and its implications for attaining justice system objectives. This gap has been filled by therapeutic jurisprudence. Its essential premise is that the law does have therapeutic or anti-therapeutic consequences. This paper uses existing research to explore how the tools of the behavioral sciences, e.g. psychology, can be used to study the therapeutic and anti-therapeutic impact of the law, and that we can think creatively about improving the law’s healing potential without violating other important values. By claiming that justice is therapy, the therapeutic jurisprudence perspective reaches beyond how to design and operate a court into a larger question of how law clients should be treated by the justice system.

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