scholarly journals Dance as an Eccentric Form of Exercise: Practical Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Paschalis ◽  
Michalis G Nikolaidis ◽  
Athanasios Z Jamurtas ◽  
Emmanuel O Owolabi ◽  
George D Kitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Muscle Conditioning ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Practical Implications

The eccentric action is an integral part of the stretch-shortening (or eccentric-concentric) cycle of muscle movement, especially when repositioning of the centre of gravity is required. Jumps and landing tasks are examples of this cycle and are incorporated in most dance activities. However, unaccustomed eccentric muscle action can cause muscle damage, which is characterised by the development of delayed-onset muscle soreness and swelling, decline of pain-free range of motion, as well as sustained loss of muscle force and range of motion. Furthermore, unaccustomed eccentric muscle action can induce disturbances in movement economy and energy expenditure, so dancers spend more energy during a routine than usual. Such negative effects are gradually reduced and eventually disappear due to physiological adaptations to this form of muscular activity. Given that eccentric exercises also appear to induce greater muscle performance improvements than other forms of muscle conditioning, it is advised that they should be integrated into dancers’ weekly schedules. The purpose of the present review is to examine the possible effects of the eccentric component of dance on the performance and health status of dancers.

Imperfect produce: retailer actions and service outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atmadeep Mukherjee ◽  
Amaradri Mukherjee ◽  
Pramod Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Patronage Intention ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Food waste is a big problem where millions of pounds of produce are discarded every year because they are imperfect or unattractive. Despite the societal implications of selling unattractive produce, limited research has been directed toward understanding the effect of imperfect produce on consumers’ evaluations of the produce and retailer outcomes. This paper aims to investigate why consumers tend to discard imperfect produce and how retailer interventions (i.e. anthropomorphized signage and packaging) can alleviate these negative effects. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted to examine the postulations. Study 1 highlights the role of consumers’ embarrassment in the purchase decision of imperfect produce and retailer patronage intention. Studies 2 and 3 provide managerially relevant boundary conditions of anthropomorphic signage and opaque packaging. Findings Convergent results across three studies (n = 882) indicate that imperfect produce increases purchase embarrassment and reduces purchase intention and retailer patronage intention. Retailer interventions (i.e. anthropomorphic signage and opaque packaging) can allay this feeling of embarrassment and lead to an increased retailer patronage intention and higher service satisfaction. Practical implications This research provides guidance to retailers for effectively promoting imperfect produce. Social implications Retailers’ actions can benefit the well-being of farmers, suppliers, customers and the overall environment. Originality/value This research adds to the literature on unattractive produce by identifying new moderators, namely, anthropomorphic signages and opaque packaging. The research also shows that purchase embarrassment is a key process mechanism.

Cooperatives: an alternative to water privatization in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Douvitsa ◽  
Demosthenis Kassavetis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Privatization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this article is to investigate the organization of water cooperatives in Greece for the first time, as promoted by a spontaneous social mobilization called Initiative 136. The above attempt appears as an alternative proposition as opposed to the state-driven full privatization of EYATH S.A. Design/methodology/approach – This article presents previous work on water cooperatives and the negative effects of water privatization worldwide, relating it to water privatization in Greek reality through the prism of the current recession. Findings – While full privatization under the pressure of the economic crisis is very likely to yield significantly negative results, a transformation into a water cooperative might provide a viable solution. Research limitations/implications – Water cooperatives provide a solution for water distribution that is friendly for the consumer, the society and the environment. Practical implications – Application of a cooperative method of water provision in Greece could be a springboard for the use of the model in other areas. Originality/value – The article evaluates the privatization and cooperativization attempt of EYATH S.A. based on previous related research and considering Greece ' s current conditions.

Tribe and village in African organizations and business

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ulrik Kragh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that organizational behaviour and business relations in African countries reflect preindustrial social norms typical of kinship based, rural communities such as in-group/out-group differentiation, reliance on kinship and the use of gift-exchange to create and strengthen social bonds. Design/methodology/approach – Two books on African management are interpreted using anthropological and sociological theory as the analytical perspective. Findings – The analysis of the two works suggests that the preindustrial patterns described in the anthropological literature play a central role in African management and business. Practical implications – The paper concludes that manager should recognize the negative effects that may follow from a rejection of these socio-cultural patterns of behaviour. Originality/value – It introduces Marshall Sahlins’ theory of social distance and reciprocity showing how this theory explains behaviours in and between African organizations.

RISK DECOUPLING STRATEGIES IN CORPORATE LAW: THEORETICAL MODEL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS (first part)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-172
Author(s):  
V.V. CHERNYY
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Contracts For Difference ◽  
The Law ◽  
Practical Implications

The principal focus of the paper is the risk-decoupling phenomenon in corporate law. Key strategies for achieving decoupling are considered, such as those, in which the amount of risk of a shareholder is less than the amount of her participatory rights in the corporation, as well as those, in which the risk of a shareholder is higher than the rights of participation belonging to her. This effect is achieved through the use of derivatives, swaps, the record date capture as well as through contracts for difference. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical model of these strategies and the application of the Law & Economics methodology solutions for correcting negative effects arising from the use of the above mentioned mechanisms of risk-decoupling are proposed.

Effects of systemic arterial blood pressure on the contractile force of a human hand muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1390-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie R. Wright ◽  
D. I. McCloskey ◽  
Richard C. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood

The effect of physiological changes in systemic blood pressure on the force output of working abductor pollicis (AP) muscle was studied in six normal subjects. Supramaximal tetanic stimulation at the ulnar nerve produced repeated isometric contractions at 1-s intervals. Force output declined gradually with time. During the train of contractions, subjects voluntarily contracted the knee extensors for 1 min; this raised systemic blood pressure by 29%. Force output from AP rose in parallel with blood pressure so that 18% of the contraction force lost through fatigue was recovered for each 10% increase in blood pressure. When blood pressure in the hand was kept constant despite the increased systemic pressure, force output did not rise. The results show that muscle performance is strongly affected by physiological changes in central blood pressure and suggest that sensory input concerning the adequacy of muscle performance exerts a feedback control over the increase in systemic blood pressure during muscular activity.

Workplace resources and employee resilience: the role of regulatory profiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Kuntz ◽  
Philippa Connell ◽  
Katharina Näswall
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the independent and joint effects of regulatory focus (promotion and prevention) on the relationship between workplace resources (support and feedback) and employee resilience. It proposed that, at high levels of resource availability, a high promotion-high prevention profile would elicit the highest levels of employee resilience. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was completed by 162 white collar employees from four organisations. In addition to the main effects, two- and three-way interactions were examined to test hypotheses. Findings Promotion focus was positively associated with employee resilience, and though the relationship between prevention focus and resilience was non-significant, both regulatory foci buffered against the negative effects of low resources. Employees with high promotion-high prevention focus displayed the highest levels of resilience, especially at high levels of feedback. Conversely, the resilience of low promotion-low prevention individuals was susceptible to feedback availability. Practical implications Employee resilience development and demonstration are contingent not only on resources, but also on psychological processes, particularly regulatory focus. Organisations will develop resilience to the extent that they provide workplace resources, and, importantly, stimulate both promotion and prevention perspectives on resource management. Originality/value This study extends the research on regulatory focus theory by testing the joint effects of promotion and prevention foci on workplace resources, and the relationship between regulatory foci and employee resilience.

A Study of Intrinsic Factors in Patients with Stress Fractures of the Tibia

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ekenman ◽  
Li Tsai-Felländer ◽  
Pär Westblad ◽  
Ibrahim Turan ◽  
Christer Rolf
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

We aimed to study intrinsic factors in 29 consecutive patients with well-documented unilateral stress fractures of the tibia. Anthropometry, range of motion, isokinetic plantar flexor muscle performance, and gait pattern were analyzed. The uninjured leg served as the control. A reference group of 30 uninjured subjects was compared regarding gait pattern. Anterior stress fractures of the tibia (N = 10) were localized in the push-off/ landing leg in 9/10 athletes, but were similarly distributed between legs in posteromedial injuries (N = 19). Ten (30%) of the stress fracture subjects had bilateral high foot arches, similar to those found in the reference group. There were no other systematic differences in anthropometry, range of motion, gait pattern, or isokinetic plantar flexor muscle peak torque and endurance between injured and uninjured legs. No other differences were found between anterior and posteromedial stress fractures. We conclude that anterior stress fractures of the tibia occur mainly in the push-off/landing leg in athletes. Within the limitations of our protocol, no registered intrinsic factor was found to be directly associated with the occurrence of a stress fracture of the tibia.

scholarly journals Authoritarian Leadership and Extra-Role Behaviors: A Role-Perception Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yun-Hui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Role Structure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Subordinate Role ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Role Behaviors

ABSTRACTAuthoritarian leaders make unilateral decisions and prevail over subordinates. Such leadership, as a style of exercising formal authority and position power, may inhibit employees’ extra-role behaviors in the hierarchical role structure. We explore employees’ role perceptions to better understand how supervisors’ authoritarian leadership decreases extra-role behaviors (OCBs). Authoritarian behavior is expected to generate subordinate perceptions of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload, with consequent negative effects on OCB. Hypotheses are tested using data from 613 subordinate – supervisor dyads. Empirical results indicate that authoritarian leadership increases subordinate role conflict and overload which then decreases OCB. Authoritarian behavior also increases role ambiguity, but role ambiguity is not associated with OCB. The article concludes with research suggestions and practical implications.

Not too many but also not too few

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Uhrich ◽  
Michael Luck
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Sales Personnel ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical mechanisms that underlie the negative effects of low customer density on shoppers' emotions and behavioural responses in retail settings.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses three different qualitative techniques to explore the research question: semi‐structured interviews, shopping with consumers, and focus groups.FindingsThree major issues contribute to unfavorable consumer responses to low customer density levels in retail stores: exposure to undesired social influence from sales personnel; loss of social cues and evaluation criteria; and lack of social stimulation.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research assist store managers to resolve the problems associated with low customer density in retail stores. For example, the results suggest that the negative effects of low customer density can be mitigated by providing appropriate training for sales staff as well as by actively communicating the quality, price level, and image of the store.Originality/valueEmpirical evidence shows that the effects of customer density on shopper outcomes follow an inverted U‐shaped trend. Previous research has focused on explaining the negative consequences of high customer density, while the explanatory mechanisms for the negative effects of low customer density remain largely unclear. This research partially fills this gap in the literature by identifying the psychological processes that account for the negative effects of low customer density.

CHANGES IN REAL-TIME MUSCLE PERFORMANCE DUE TO STRETCH-SHORTENING CYCLE RANGE OF MOTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S387
Author(s):  
R G. Cutlip ◽  
K B. Geronilla ◽  
B A. Baker ◽  
M Kashon
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle
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