The Effect of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Growth Hormone, Testosterone, Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 by the Protein Supplements Intake Period during to Resistance Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Hong Seok-Joo ◽  
Jae-Ho Kim ◽  
Won-Je Cho
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Supplements

scholarly journals Links Between Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Resistance Exercise Muscle Adaptations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Gharahdaghi ◽  
Bethan E. Phillips ◽  
Nathaniel J. Szewczyk ◽  
Ken Smith ◽  
Daniel J. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass throughout the life course is key for the regulation of health, with physical activity a critical component of this, in part, due to its influence upon key hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Despite the importance of these hormones for the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in response to different types of exercise, their interaction with the processes controlling muscle mass remain unclear. This review presents evidence on the importance of these hormones in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and their responses, and involvement in muscle adaptation to resistance exercise. Highlighting the key role testosterone plays as a primary anabolic hormone in muscle adaptation following exercise training, through its interaction with anabolic signaling pathways and other hormones via the androgen receptor (AR), this review also describes the potential importance of fluctuations in other hormones such as GH and IGF-1 in concert with dietary amino acid availability; and the role of estrogen, under the influence of the menstrual cycle and menopause, being especially important in adaptive exercise responses in women. Finally, the downstream mechanisms by which these hormones impact regulation of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and breakdown), and thus muscle mass are discussed. Advances in our understanding of hormones that impact protein turnover throughout life offers great relevance, not just for athletes, but also for the general and clinical populations alike.

scholarly journals IMP2 Increases Mouse Skeletal Muscle Mass and Voluntary Activity by Enhancing Autocrine Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Production and Optimizing Muscle Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Regué ◽  
Fei Ji ◽  
Daniel Flicker ◽  
Dana Kramer ◽  
William Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Mouse Muscle

ABSTRACT Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA binding protein 2 (IMP2) was selectively deleted from adult mouse muscle; two phenotypes were observed: decreased accrual of skeletal muscle mass after weaning and reduced wheel-running activity but normal forced treadmill performance. Reduced wheel running occurs when mice are fed a high-fat diet but is normalized when mice consume standard chow. The two phenotypes are due to altered output from different IMP2 client mRNAs. The reduced fiber size of IMP2-deficient muscle is attributable, in part, to diminished autocrine Igf2 production; basal tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin and IGF1 receptors is diminished, and Akt1 activation is selectively reduced. Gsk3α is disinhibited, and S536-phosphorylated ε subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B [eIF2Bε(S536)] is hyperphosphorylated. Protein synthesis is reduced despite unaltered mTOR complex 1 activity. The diet-dependent reduction in voluntary exercise is likely due to altered muscle metabolism, as contractile function is normal. IMP2-deficient muscle exhibits reduced fatty acid oxidation, due to a reduced abundance of mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), an IMP2 client, and PPARα protein. IMP2-deficient muscle fibers treated with a mitochondrial uncoupler to increase electron flux, as occurs with exercise, exhibit reduced oxygen consumption from fatty acids, with higher oxygen consumption from glucose. The greater dependence on muscle glucose metabolism during increased oxygen demand may promote central fatigue and thereby diminish voluntary activity.

P0960HOME BASED RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROGRAM AND SARCOPENIA IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IT IS A USEFUL INTERVENTION?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Esteve Simó ◽  
Anna Junqué Jiménez ◽  
Verónica Duarte Gallego ◽  
Irati Tapia González ◽  
Fátima Moreno Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Home Based

Abstract Background and Aims Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder associated with adverse outcomes including falls, physical disability and mortality particularly in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Currently, progressive resistance training exercise has been shown a proven method to treat and prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, these findings are poorly investigated in HD patients since exercise programs are not widespread. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a home-based resistance exercise program (HBREP) on muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (EWGSOP2). Method A 12 weeks single-center prospective study. HD patients from our institution with EWGSOP2 sarcopenia diagnosis were enrolled in a HBREP. Demographical an anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters, hand grip (HG) muscular strength, functional capacity tests: Sit to stand to seat 5 (STS5); Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed (GS), as well as body composition determined by electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and sarcopenia severity were analized. Results 18 HD patients with sarcopenia (71.4% severe) were included (4 drop out).78.6% men. Mean age 74.7 years and 53.3 months on HD. The main etiologies of ESRD were the HBP (21.4%) and DM (14.3%). Globally, a significant improvement was observed at the end of the study in relation to muscular strength (HG 19.9±6.1 vs 22.2±7.1 kg, p 0.001) and functional capacity tests (STS5 21.9±10.3 vs 17.2±9.9 sec, p 0.001; SPPB (6.9±2.3 vs 9.1±2.5 score, p 0.001 and GS 0.8±0.1 vs 0.9±0.2 m/s, p 0.015). Likewise, higher total skeletal muscle mass (SMM, 14.3±2.8 vs 14.5±2.9 kg) and SMM index (SMM/height2, 5.5±0.7 vs 5.7±0.9 Kg/m2 ) were found at the end of the study, although these differences were not significant. Finally, 2 patients (14.8%) reverse the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia criteria and 3 (21.4%) enhanced their severe sarcopenia. No relevant changes regarding anthropometrical data, main biochemical and nutritional parameters or dialysis adequacy were observed at the end of the study. Conclusion A home-based resistance exercise program improves muscular strength, functional capacity and body composition in our sarcopenic hemodialysis patients. With our results, home-based resistance exercise programs should be considered a key point in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle mass reduction due to sarcopenia in these patients. Further studies are mandatory to confirm our encouraging results.

Use of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 for Treatment of Tissue Wasting in Catabolic Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Martin M. Zdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

Trauma, surgery, burn injury, sepsis, prolonged bed rest, cancer, and AIDS are examples of catabolic states that can lead to a significant loss of lean body tissues and skeletal muscle. The physiologic stresses associated with these catabolic conditions can impair immune function, alter drug response, and delay the recovery process. Although enhanced nutritional supplementation is a mainstay for treating tissue wasting in these conditions, it is of limited effectiveness in reversing skeletal muscle protein loss or enhancing anabolism in lean body tissues. The use of anabolic hormones such as Growth Hormone (GH) or Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) to limit lean body wasting and preserve muscle mass in these conditions has been widely investigated. This article was designed to give pharmacists and patient care professionals an overview of recent literature involving anabolic hormone treatment of tissue wasting. The use of these agents in the clinical setting may undergo significant expansion in the near future.

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