wheel running
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

1372
(FIVE YEARS 284)

H-INDEX

70
(FIVE YEARS 6)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilite Sadovska ◽  
Jānis Auders ◽  
Laura Keiša ◽  
Nadezhda Romanchikova ◽  
Laila Silamiķele ◽  
...  

Increasing evidence suggests that regular physical exercise not only reduces the risk of cancer but also improves functional capacity, treatment efficacy and disease outcome in cancer patients. At least partially, these effects are mediated by the secretome of the tissues responding to exercise. The secreted molecules can be released in a carrier-free form or enclosed into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several recent studies have shown that EVs are actively released into circulation during physical exercise. Here, we for the first time investigated the effects of exercise-induced EVs on the progression of cancer in an F344 rat model of metastatic prostate cancer. Although we did not observe a consistent increase in the circulating EV levels, RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated substantial changes in the RNA content of EVs collected before and immediately after forced wheel running exercise as well as differences between EVs from runners at resting state and sedentary rats. The major RNA biotype in EVs was mRNA, followed by miRNA and rRNA. Molecular functions of differentially expressed RNAs reflected various physiological processes including protein folding, metabolism and regulation of immune responses triggered by the exercise in the parental cells. Intravenous administration of exercise-induced EVs into F344 rats with orthotopically injected syngeneic prostate cancer cells PLS10, demonstrated reduction of the primary tumor volume by 35% and possibly—attenuation of lung metastases. Hence, our data provide the first evidence that exercise-induced EVs may modulate tumor physiology and delay the progression of cancer.


2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Béland-Millar ◽  
Claude Messier

Learning or performing new behaviors requires significant neuronal signaling and is metabolically demanding. The metabolic cost of performing a behavior is mitigated by exposure and practice which result in diminished signaling and metabolic requirements. We examined the impact of novel and habituated wheel running, as well as effortful behaviors on the modulation of extracellular glucose and lactate using biosensors inserted in the primary motor cortex of mice. We found that motor behaviors produce increases in extracellular lactate and decreases in extracellular glucose in the primary motor cortex. These effects were modulated by experience, novelty and intensity of the behavior. The increase in extracellular lactate appears to be strongly associated with novelty of a behavior as well as the difficulty of performing a behavior. Our observations are consistent with the view that a main function of aerobic glycolysis is not to fuel the current neuronal activity but to sustain new bio-infrastructure as learning changes neural networks, chiefly through the shuttling of glucose derived carbons into the pentose phosphate pathway for the biosynthesis of nucleotides.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261662
Author(s):  
Nora Weegh ◽  
Eva Zentrich ◽  
Dietmar Zechner ◽  
Birgitta Struve ◽  
Laura Wassermann ◽  
...  

Laboratory animals frequently undergo routine experimental procedures such as handling, restraining and injections. However, as a known source of stress, these procedures potentially impact study outcome and data quality. In the present study, we, therefore, performed an evidence-based severity assessment of experimental procedures used in a pancreatic cancer model including surgical tumour induction and subsequent chemotherapeutic treatment via repeated intraperitoneal injections. Cancer cell injection into the pancreas was performed during a laparotomy under general anaesthesia. After a four-day recovery phase, mice received either drug treatment (galloflavin and metformin) or the respective vehicle substances via daily intraperitoneal injections. In addition to clinical scoring, an automated home-cage monitoring system was used to assess voluntary wheel running (VWR) behaviour as an indicator of impaired well-being. After surgery, slightly elevated clinical scores and minimal body weight reductions, but significantly decreased VWR behaviour were observed. During therapy, body weight declined in response to chemotherapy, but not after vehicle substance injection, while VWR activity was decreased in both cases. VWR behaviour differed between treatment groups and revealed altered nightly activity patterns. In summary, by monitoring VWR a high impact of repeated injections on the well-being of mice was revealed and substance effects on well-being were distinguishable. However, no differences in tumour growth between treatment groups were observed. This might be due to the severity of the procedures uncovered in this study, as exaggerated stress responses are potentially confounding factors in preclinical studies. Finally, VWR was a more sensitive indicator of impairment than clinical scoring in this model.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261618
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Bivona ◽  
Matthew E. Poynter

Current methods of small animal exercise involve either voluntary (wheel running) or forced (treadmill running) protocols. Although commonly used, each have several drawbacks which cause hesitancy to adopt these methods. While mice will instinctively run on a wheel, the distance and time spent running can vary widely. Forced exercise, while controllable, puts animals in stressful environments in which they are confined and often shocked for “encouragement.” Additionally, both methods require expensive equipment and software, which limit these experiments to well-funded laboratories. To counter these issues, we developed a non-invasive mouse running device aimed to reduce handler-induced stress, provide time- and distance-based stopping conditions, and enable investigators with limited resources to easily produce and use the device. The Lockable Open-Source Training-Wheel (LOST-Wheel) was designed to be 3D printed on any standard entry-level printer and assembled using a few common tools for around 20 USD. It features an on-board screen and is capable of tracking distances, running time, and velocities of mice. The LOST-Wheel overcomes the largest drawback to voluntary exercise, which is the inability to control when and how long mice run, using a servo driven mechanism that locks and unlocks the running surface according to the protocol of the investigator. While the LOST-Wheel can be used without a computer connection, we designed an accompanying application to provide scientists with additional analyses. The LOST-Wheel Logger, an R-based application, displays milestones and plots on a user-friendly dashboard. Using the LOST-Wheel, we implemented a timed running experiment that showed distance-dependent decreases in serum myostatin as well as IL-6 gene upregulation in muscle. To make this device accessible, we are releasing the designs, application, and manual in an open-source format. The implementation of the LOST-Wheel and future iterations will improve upon existing murine exercise equipment and research.


Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Yiran Lang ◽  
Rongyu Tang ◽  
Yafei Liu ◽  
Pengcheng Xi ◽  
Honghao Liu ◽  
...  

Neural interfaces typically focus on one or two sites in the motoneuron system simultaneously due to the limitation of the recording technique, which restricts the scope of observation and discovery of this system. Herein, we built a system with various electrodes capable of recording a large spectrum of electrophysiological signals from the cortex, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles of freely moving animals. The system integrates adjustable microarrays, floating microarrays, and microwires to a commercial connector and cuff electrode on a wireless transmitter. To illustrate the versatility of the system, we investigated its performance for the behavior of rodents during tethered treadmill walking, untethered wheel running, and open field exploration. The results indicate that the system is stable and applicable for multiple behavior conditions and can provide data to support previously inaccessible research of neural injury, rehabilitation, brain-inspired computing, and fundamental neuroscience.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 982-982
Author(s):  
Ted Graber ◽  
Megan Pajski ◽  
Christopher Byrd ◽  
Nainika Nadigama ◽  
Alyssa Fennel ◽  
...  

Abstract As we age, physical and neuromuscular function declines gradually. Exercise is a therapy to improve neuromuscular ability. Pre-clinical models are needed to understand molecular mechanisms contributing to age-associated functional decline and how exercise affects that downward trajectory. Our goal was to compare the differences in effects of two validated mouse models of endurance exercise designed to mimic human training studies: high intensity interval training (HIIT) and voluntary wheel running (VWR). We hypothesized that both adult and older adults (10 and 26 months old at end, respectively: 10m and 26m) would respond to both exercise regimens by improving or maintaining exercise/physical capacity, but that adult mice would benefit more. We randomly assigned male C57BL/6 mice into experimental groups: 10m: (VWR, HIIT, sedentary control, CON, n=8 per group), and 26m (VWR, n=8, HIIT, n=10). We measured functional ability (pre- and post-intervention) using CFAB (comprehensive functional assessment battery), our composite scoring system (grip strength, inverted cling, treadmill endurance, activity rate, rotarod), tracked body composition (EchoMRI), and measured muscle wet mass. We found that significant retention of ability (CFAB difference, repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.05) and fat percentage (ANOVA., %change: 10m: CON +125%, HIIT +101%, VWR +52%; 26m: VWR -42%, HIIT +26%, p<0.05) was promoted by both exercise modalities compared to control, and furthermore HIIT may have better efficacy in the adult versus the older mice. In conclusion, both exercises are valid models with derived benefits as expected in similar human studies. We anticipate future work using these models to undertake mechanistic investigations.


Author(s):  
Shelby E. Hamm ◽  
Daniel D. Fathalikhani ◽  
Katherine E. Bukovec ◽  
Adele K. Addington ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 683-683
Author(s):  
Danielle Bruns ◽  
MacKenzie DeHoff ◽  
Aykhan Yusifov ◽  
Sydney Polson ◽  
Ross Cook ◽  
...  

Abstract Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in aging populations. Exercise is amongst the most cardioprotective interventions identified to date, with early in life exercise such as during the juvenile period potentially imparting even more cardioprotective outcomes due to the plasticity of the developing heart. To test the hypothesis that juvenile exercise would impart later in life cardioprotection, we exercised juvenile male and female mice via voluntary wheel running from 3-5 weeks of age and then exposed them to cardiac stress by isoproterenol (ISO) at 4-6 and 18 months of age in adulthood and older age, respectively. We compared cardiac function and remodeling to sedentary control animals, sedentary animals who received ISO, and adult and aged mice that exercised for two weeks immediately before ISO exposure. Juvenile mice engaged in voluntarily wheel running, with male mice running 1.3 ± 0.8 km and female mice 2.8 ± 1.0 km a day. Echocardiography suggested that these juvenile animals underwent running-induced cardiac remodeling as evidenced by higher ejection fraction and stroke volume compared to sedentary controls. Exercise in the juvenile period attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling later in life compared to sedentary animals and those that exercised immediately before ISO administration. The mechanisms by which early versus late exercise is protective in adult and aged mice are under investigation. Further ongoing work will identify the adaptations induced by exercise in the juvenile heart that may help improve cardiac aging.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 688-688
Author(s):  
Emily Schmitt ◽  
Hunter Graves ◽  
Danielle Bruns

Abstract Preclinical exercise studies typically use two forms of exercise training protocols: 1) voluntary wheel running and 2) forced treadmill running. Previous work from our group clearly demonstrates that older (18-month-old) male mice do not voluntarily engage in wheel running, especially compared to younger males or female mice. Therefore, we implemented a forced exercise treadmill training protocol to determine if treadmill training was superior to wheel running in improving aerobic capacity in older male mice. Purpose To determine if a 3-week treadmill training protocol improved time to exhaustion (TTE) in older male mice. Methods 18-month-old male mice (n=5) were provided a running wheel in their individual cage for 2 weeks or underwent daily treadmill training (n=6) for 3 weeks with increasing speed/incline. At the end of the training period we assessed TTE. Results Older male mice that trained on the treadmill demonstrated higher TTE compared to wheel (1382 □ 32 seconds versus 500 □ 99 seconds, respectively). In addition, older male mice that trained on the treadmill improved on average ~8% in their TTE test. Conclusion A 3-week treadmill training protocol improves aerobic capacity in older male mice to a greater extent than voluntary wheel running. Ongoing experiments will utilize this training protocol to understand age-related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, circadian rhythm, and to test exercise as an intervention in the aging population.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document