scholarly journals A Review and Analysis of Outcomes from Prevention of Mother-to- Child Transmission of HIV Infant Follow-up Services at a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit of a Major Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: 2007-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
EBELECHUKU FRANCESCA UGOCHUKWU ◽  
CHINYERE UKAMAKA ONUBOGU ◽  
EMEKA STEPHEN EDOKWE ◽  
UCHENNA EKWOCHI ◽  
KENNETH NCHEKWUBE OKEKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Mother To Child

Background and Objective: Above 90% of childhood HIV infections result from mother-to child transmission (MTCT). This study examined the MTCT rates of HIV-exposed infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a 14-year review of outcomes of infants enrolled in the infant follow-up arm of the PMTCT program of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. The majority of subjects were enrolled within 72 hours of birth and were followed up until 18 months of age according to the National Guidelines on HIV prevention and treatment. At enrollment, relevant data were collected prospectively, and each scheduled follow-up visit was recorded both electronically and in physical copy in the client’s folders. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The major outcome variable was final MTCT status. Results: Out of 3,784 mother-infant dyads studied 3,049 (80.6%) received both maternal and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis while 447 (11.8%) received none. The MTCT rates were 1.4%, 9.3%, 24.1%, and 52.1% for both mother and infant, mother only, infant only, and none received ARV prophylaxis respectively. There was no gender-based difference in outcomes. The MTCT rate was significantly higher among mixed-fed infants (p<0.001) and among those who did not receive any form of ARVs (p<0.001). Among dyads who received no ARVs, breastfed infants significantly had a higher MTCT rate compared to never breastfed infants (57.9% vs. 34.8%; p<0.001). The MTCT rate was comparable among breastfed (2.5%) and never-breastfed (2.1%) dyads who had received ARVs. After logistic regression, maternal (p<0.001, OR: 7.00) and infant (p<0.001, OR: 4.00) ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT remained significantly associated with being HIV-negative. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Appropriate use of ARVs and avoidance of mixed feeding in the first six months of life are vital to the success of PMTCT programs in developing countries. PMTCT promotes exclusive breastfeeding and reduces the burden of pediatric HIV infection, thereby enhancing child survival.   Copyright © 2021 Ugochukwu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Situation of PMTCT in Bhutan, 14 Years’ Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Phurb Dorji ◽  
Ripa Chakma ◽  
Lekey Khandu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission activities form important part of HIV/AIDS prevention program of any community or country. Methods: Information from the PMTCT Programme from the Ministry of Health and other published literature on HIV in Bhutan were reviewed. Results: The first case of mother to child transmission was reported in Bhutan in 2001. However, the retrospective study shows that one of the earliest mothers-to- child transmissions could have taken place back in 1997. Strategies for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bhutan have endured substantial advancement based on global scientific evidence. It is a concern as there is a slow rise in the number of HIV cases. The main modeof transmission is unsafe heterosexual practice in Bhutan. Before the planned PMTCT program, 3 children were infected. After launch of proper PMTCT program, we had all the components of effective strategies in PMCT program which have evolved with better ones with time. Due to this, MTCT was 3.2%. With undetected HIV infections, 32 children were born outside of the program and actual national MTCT rate is 5.5%. Conclusion: There is increasing number of people every year with new HIV infections. In addition, our detection gap is 45% with about 602 undiagnosed in the community. Every effort should be put forward to upscale the PMTCT program for Bhutan to eliminate Mother-to-Child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by 2020 and beyond.

scholarly journals Outcomes of prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Dina Muktiarti ◽  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Arwin Akib ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionis increasing worldwide. One foute of HIV transmission is frommother to child, during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.Prevention of mother􀁂to􀁂child transmission may be an effectivestrategy to reduce the cases of new HIV infections.Objectives To investigate the incidence of HIV infection ininfants born to mothers with HIV and who received prophylactictherapy at birth, as well as to note the outcomes of HIVinfectedchildren in this program.Methods This retrospective study was carried out over a 9􀁂yearperiod, from January 20 03 to December 2011. The participantswere HIVexposed infants who attended the HIV clinic, at theDepartment of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Jakarta. Infants were treated according to the prevention ofmother􀁂to􀁂child transmission (PMTCT) protocol at CMH.Parents' and infants' data was recorded. The end point of thisstudy was recording of HIVinfection status in the infants.Results There were 238 infants included in this study. HIVinfection was confirmed in 6 (2.5%) infants, while 170 (71.4%)subjects were uninfected, and 62 (26.1%) subjects were lostto follow􀁂up. No subjects who underwent complete PMTCTmanagement were infected. Most subjects were male, full􀁂tenn,and delivered by caesarean section in our hospital. The mostfrequently observed parental risk factor was intravenous druguse. Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) was given duringpregnancy in most cases. Morbidities in all subjects were low.Conclusion The PMTCT program at CMH was effective forreducing the number ofHIVinfected infants from mothers withHIY. [Paediatrlndanes. 2012;52:294-9]. 

scholarly journals Early retention among pregnant women on ‘Option B + ’ in urban and rural Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anesu N. Chimwaza ◽  
Hannock Tweya ◽  
Owen Mugurungi ◽  
Angela Mushavi ◽  
Solomon Mukungunugwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Early Retention ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background In 2013, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended Option B+ as a strategy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. In option B+ , lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) is offered to all HIV positive pregnant and breastfeeding women to reduce MTCT rate to less than or equal to 5%. Its success depends on retaining women on ART during pregnancy, delivery and breast-feeding period. There is limited data on early retention on ART among pregnant women in Zimbabwe. We therefore assessed early retention among women on Option B + from antenatal care (ANC) until 6 months post ANC booking and at delivery in Bulawayo city and Mazowe rural district of Zimbabwe. Methods We collected data for pregnant women booking for ANC between January and March 2018, comparing early retention among ART naïve women and those already on ART. The two cohorts were followed up for 6 months post ANC booking, and this was done in two districts. Data were collected from routine tools used at facility level which include ANC, delivery and ART registers. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate retention probabilities at 1, 3 and 6 months post-delivery and for retention at delivery proportions were used. Poisson regression was used to investigate factors associated with non-retention at 6 months post ANC booking. Results A total of 388 women were included in the study with median age of 29 years (IQR: 25–34). Two-thirds booked in their second trimester. Retention at 3 and 6 months post ANC booking was 84% (95% CI 80–88) and 73% (95% CI 69–78) respectively. At delivery 81% (95% CI 76–84) were retained in care, 18% lost-to-follow-up and 1% transferred out. In this study we did not find marital status, gestation age, facility location, ART status at ANC booking, to be associated with loss to follow-up. Conclusion In this study, we found low retention at 3, 6 months and delivery, a threat to elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe. Our findings emphasize the need for enhanced interventions to improve early retention such as post-test counselling, patient tracing and visit reminders.

scholarly journals Male Partners’ Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelign Tilahun ◽  
Shikur Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

Background. Male involvement is an important determinant of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia is not well known.Objectives. To assess male partners involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and associated factors in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria woreda.Methods. Community based study was conducted in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria district. Multistage sampling technique was used and data were collected using interviewer administered standard questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the presence of statistically significant associations between the outcome variable and the independent variables.Results. The level of male involvement in PMTCT program in Arba Minch town and Zuria district was 53%. Several factors appear to contribute to male involvement in the PMTCT program including age, residence, education level, knowledge on HIV, knowledge on PMTCT, accessibility of health facility, having weak perception for male involvement in PMTCT, having perception of ANC attendance being females’ responsibility, ever use of khat, and ever use of cigarette.Conclusion. Geographical accessibility of health facility and male’s knowledge on PMTCT should be improved to increase their involvement in PMTCT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Senegal’s prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program data for HIV surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Diouf ◽  
Astou Gueye-Gaye ◽  
Moussa Sarr ◽  
Abdou Salam Mbengue ◽  
Christopher S. Murrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Program Data

scholarly journals Loss to Follow-Up within the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Care Cascade in a Large ART Program in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly E. Rawizza ◽  
Charlotte A. Chang ◽  
Beth Chaplin ◽  
Isah A. Ahmed ◽  
Seema T. Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Art Program ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Progress towards Elimination of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in the Dominican Republic from 1999 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Lorenzo ◽  
Consuelo M. Beck-Sagué ◽  
Claudia Bautista-Soriano ◽  
Mina Halpern ◽  
José Roman-Poueriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Single Dose Nevirapine ◽  
Mother To Child

In 1999, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) using antiretrovirals was introduced in the Dominican Republic (DR). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced for immunosuppressed persons in 2004 and for pMTCT in 2008. To assess progress towards MTCT elimination, data from requisitions for HIV nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants born in the DR from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. The MTCT rate was 142/1,274 (11.1%) in 1999–2008 and 12/302 (4.0%) in 2009–2011 (P<.001), with a rate of 154/1,576 (9.8%) for both periods combined. This decline was associated with significant increases in the proportions of women who received prenatal HAART (from 12.3% to 67.9%) and infants who received exclusive formula feeding (from 76.3% to 86.1%) and declines in proportions of women who received no prenatal antiretrovirals (from 31.9% to 12.2%) or received only single-dose nevirapine (from 39.5% to 19.5%). In 2007, over 95% of DR pregnant women received prenatal care, HIV testing, and professionally attended delivery. However, only 58% of women in underserved sugarcane plantation communities (2007) and 76% in HIV sentinel surveillance hospitals (2003–2005) received their HIV test results. HIV-MTCT elimination is feasible but persistent lack of access to critical pMTCT measures must be addressed.

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