Successful Field Application of Delayed Water-Swelling, Flexible Gel Particles for In-Depth Waterflood Conformance Improvement in Wide Spacing of Wells with High Temperature and High Salinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayang Jin ◽  
Qihang Li ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Wanfen Pu ◽  
Chengdong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Wide Spacing ◽  
Gel Particles ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Water Swelling

Abstract The HD Oilfield, operated by PetroChina, is located in Tarim Basin. It is characterized by high temperature (112 ℃) and high salinity (291000 mg/L), and developed by wide spacing of wells (average 700 m). High vertical and areal heterogeneity lead to early water breakthrough and a poor water sweep efficiency. Effective conformance control is urgently needed, but harsh reservoir conditions, wide well spacing, and discontinuous interlayers pose great challenges for conformance treatments in this field. Because of wide well spacing and discontinuous interlayers, water channeling and crossflow in in-depth part of reservoir could still occur after conformance treatment. To prevent this, in-depth conformance improvement treatments with injecting large volumes of low-cost profile control agents were proposed. To achieve this goal, we designed delayed water-swelling, flexible gel particles that have high deformability and elasticity. Simultaneously, to meet the harsh reservoir conditions, gel particles were designed to have long-term tolerance to high temperature and high salinity. The first treatment was implemented in May 2016, and the total incremental oil by June 2019 was 17347 tons. The treatment validity is more than 36 months, and it keeps being effective. Until now, 9 treatments have been finished. The total incremental oil is 102100 tons until May 2020, and the increment is still going on. The input-output ratio for these 9 treatments is about 8.45, which indicates the treatments were an economic and technical success. In this paper, first we describe the design of gel particles and their properties evaluation by extensive experiments, including water-swelling ability, long-term tolerance to high temperature and high salinity, elasticity, tenacity, injectivity, selectivity, plugging ability, and scouring resistance, etc. Then, we present operation design and control in the field, which is especially important for the success of these treatments. Furthermore, according to production performance as well as the wellhead pressure drop curve, pressure curve of water injection, and water injectivity in injection well, treatment results are discussed in detail to evaluate if the treatment is successful or not. Finally, several important experiences with respect to how to do operation design and field control are summarized. This paper documents a successful case history of in-depth waterflood conformance improvement in wide spacing of wells. These successful field cases together with summarized experience will provide a detailed guide and an updated framework for conformance improvement treatment for operators. In addition, this paper presents an alternative agent, i.e., delayed water-swelling, flexible gel particles, for in-depth waterflood conformance improvement in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs.

scholarly journals Role of Ionic Headgroups on the Thermal, Rheological, and Foaming Properties of Novel Betaine-Based Polyoxyethylene Zwitterionic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain ◽  
Lionel Talley Fogang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Zwitterionic Surfactants ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Long-term thermal stability of surfactants under harsh reservoir conditions is one of the main challenges for surfactant injection. Most of the commercially available surfactants thermally degrade or precipitate when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. In this work, we designed and synthesized three novel betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants containing different head groups (carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and hydroxysulfobetaine) and bearing an unsaturated tail. The impact of the surfactant head group on the long-term thermal stability, foam stability, and surfactant–polymer interactions were examined. The thermal stability of the surfactants was assessed by monitoring the structural changes when exposed at high temperature (90 °C) for three months using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR analysis. All surfactants were found thermally stable regardless of the headgroup and no structural changes were evidenced. The surfactant–polymer interactions were dominant in deionized water. However, in seawater, the surfactant addition had no effect on the rheological properties. Similarly, changing the headgroup of polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants had no major effect on the foamability and foam stability. The findings of the present study reveal that the betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactant can be a good choice for enhanced oil recovery application and the nature of the headgroup has no major impact on the thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of the surfactant in typical harsh reservoir conditions (high salinity, high temperature).

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM RELATIVELY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE USE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Yingying Qiao ◽  
Oleksandr Kyselov ◽  
Changzhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperature Group

The experiment aims to study the effects of long-term relatively high and low temperatures on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out in Yunnan Academy of Animal Science, for determine the quality of meat used the laboratories of Henan Institute of Science and Technology. A total of experiment use 240 healthy 1-day-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups: relatively high temperature group, low temperature group and control group. The results of the experiment confirm that at low temperatures, when the energy consumption of the animal decreases, it leads to weight loss, which we can see in the low-temperature group, the average daily weight gain in this experiment was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05). It was found that low-temperature stress significantly increased the mortality of broilers, at the age of 42 days in the low-temperature group, the mortality of chickens was higher than in the control group, by 71.4%. Among all evaluated groups on the content of unsaturated fatty acids SFA, PUFA, MUFA and EFA in the muscles of the breasts of broilers, the lowest content was in the lower temperature group than in the control group, by 48.3%, 46.9%, 51.5% and 43.9%. Studies have shown that influence of high-temperature above 30°C causes disturbances in poultry behavior and physiology, leading to reduced production performance. Broilers aged 35-40 days experienced 31°C high-temperature stress and found that their performance and immunity decreased. Broilers feed intake and growth rate at 35°C high temperature were reduced by 13% and 32% than at 20°C. The results showed that: ① Relatively high temperature and low temperature for a long time reduced the growth performance and mortality of broilers, and long-term relatively low temperature decreased the slaughter performance of broilers.② Relatively high and low temperatures for a long period of time reduced the levels of serine, glycine, SFA, PUFA, USFA, EFA and MUFA in broiler breast muscles negative effect on meat quality. ③ The long-term relatively low temperature has a greater adverse effect on broilers than the long-term relatively high temperature. The results provided some theoretical basis for accurately setting the broiler breeding environment temperature, improving broiler quality, maximizing broiler production performance, and increasing the economic benefits of the farm.

The New Development of Amphiphilic Polymer Profile Control Agent in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Yang ◽  
Wanli Kang ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Bobo Zhou ◽  
Xinxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Amphiphilic Polymer ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
New Development
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