scholarly journals Role of Ionic Headgroups on the Thermal, Rheological, and Foaming Properties of Novel Betaine-Based Polyoxyethylene Zwitterionic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain ◽  
Lionel Talley Fogang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Zwitterionic Surfactants ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Long-term thermal stability of surfactants under harsh reservoir conditions is one of the main challenges for surfactant injection. Most of the commercially available surfactants thermally degrade or precipitate when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. In this work, we designed and synthesized three novel betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants containing different head groups (carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and hydroxysulfobetaine) and bearing an unsaturated tail. The impact of the surfactant head group on the long-term thermal stability, foam stability, and surfactant–polymer interactions were examined. The thermal stability of the surfactants was assessed by monitoring the structural changes when exposed at high temperature (90 °C) for three months using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR analysis. All surfactants were found thermally stable regardless of the headgroup and no structural changes were evidenced. The surfactant–polymer interactions were dominant in deionized water. However, in seawater, the surfactant addition had no effect on the rheological properties. Similarly, changing the headgroup of polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants had no major effect on the foamability and foam stability. The findings of the present study reveal that the betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactant can be a good choice for enhanced oil recovery application and the nature of the headgroup has no major impact on the thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of the surfactant in typical harsh reservoir conditions (high salinity, high temperature).

Laboratory Evaluation on Foaming Agent for High-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Ji Chao Fang ◽  
Cai Li Dai ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Qin Fang Ding ◽  
Si Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Foam Flooding ◽  
Enhance Oil Recovery

In order to further enhance oil recovery (EOR) of the high temperature and high salt oil fields by foam flooding, one foaming agent was screened by airflow method. The influence of oil-water and pressure on foamability and stability were evaluated,and oil displacement experiment was also conducted. The results show that CS-1 foaming agent has better foamability and stability than the others under the reservoir conditions (Temperature 110 °C, Salinity 11.52×104 mg/L, Ca2+&Mg2+ 7654 mg/L). The foam stability will be better as the pressure rise or be worse when it met the crude oil. Oil recovery was improved by 4.13% after waterflood and the total recovery is 60.75%.

scholarly journals Application of Polymer Based Nanocomposites for Water Shutoff—A Review

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-322
Author(s):  
Velima Obino ◽  
Upendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Water ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Undesirable Characteristic ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

One highly undesirable characteristic of mature assets that inhibits oil recovery is high water production. Polymer gel treatment is a popular conformance improvement technique applied in this regard due to its cost effectiveness and proved efficiency. Despite this popularity, optimum performance of polymer hydrogels in water shut off is inhibited by excessive aggregation, difficulty in controlling gelation, and their instability at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions. To address these shortcomings, research on the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer hydrogels to manage thermal stability and salinity sensitivity has significantly increased in the recent past. By incorporating metal-based NPs, silica or graphene at nanoscale; the gel strength, storage modulus, salinity tolerance and thermal stability of commonly used polymers have been greatly enhanced. In this paper, the advances in experimental studies on polymer-based nanocomposites are discussed and field experiences from adoption of polymer composites reviewed.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study on the Potential EOR Use of HPAM/VES Hybrid in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Oil Reservoirs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwei Zhu ◽  
Jichao Zhang ◽  
Yugui Han ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Yujun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

Polymer flooding represents one of the most efficient processes to enhance oil recovery, and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a widely used oil-displacement agent, but its poor thermal stability, salt tolerance, and mechanical degradation impeded its use in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs. In this work, a novel viscoelastic surfactant, erucyl dimethyl amidobetaine (EDAB), with improved thermal stability and salinity tolerance, was complexed with HPAM to overcome the deficiencies of HPAM. The HPAM/EDAB hybrid samples were studied in comparison with HPAM and EDAB in synthetic brine regarding their rheological behaviors and core flooding experiments under simulated high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoir conditions (T: 85°C; total dissolved solids: 32,868 mg/L; [Ca2+] + [Mg2+]: 873 mg/L). It was found that the HPAM/EDAB hybrids exhibited much better heat- and salinity-tolerance and long-term thermal stability than HPAM. Core flooding tests showed that the oil recovery factors of HPAM/EDAB hybrids are between those of HPAM and EDAB. These results are attributed to the synergistic effect between HPAM and EDAB in the hybrid.

scholarly journals A Study of Thermal Stability of Hydroxyapatite

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bulina ◽  
Svetlana V. Makarova ◽  
Sergey G. Baev ◽  
Alexander A. Matvienko ◽  
Konstantin B. Gerasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Congruent Melting ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Powder Sintering ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

High-temperature powder sintering is an integral part of the dense ceramic manufacturing process. In order to find the optimal conditions for producing a ceramic product, the information about its behavior at high temperatures is required. However, the data available in the literature are very contradictory. In this work, the thermal stability of hydroxyapatite prepared by a solid-state mechanochemical method and structural changes occurring during sintering were studied. Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite was found to remain as a single-phase apatite structure with the space group P63/m up to 1300 °C inclusively. A further increase in the sintering temperature leads to its partial decomposition, a decrease in the crystallite size of the apatite phase, and the appearance of significant structural strains. It was shown that small deviations from stoichiometry in the Ca/P ratio upward or downward during the hydroxyapatite synthesis lead to a significant decrease in the thermal stability of hydroxyapatite. An apatite containing almost no hydroxyl groups, which is close to the composition of oxyapatite, was prepared. It was shown that the congruent melting of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite upon slow heating in a high-temperature furnace does not occur. At the same time, the fast heating of hydroxyapatite by laser radiation allows, under certain conditions, its congruent melting with the formation of a recrystallized monolayer of oxyhydroxyapatite. The data obtained in this study can be used when choosing sintering conditions to produce hydroxyapatite-based ceramics.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

scholarly journals Co‐Evaporated MAPbI 3 : Excellent Intrinsic Long‐Term Thermal Stability of Co‐Evaporated MAPbI 3 Solar Cells at 85 °C (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 2170155
Author(s):  
Herlina Arianita Dewi ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Bhumika Chaudhary ◽  
Nripan Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Increased Thermal Stability of Co-silicide Using Co-Ta Alloy Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Joo Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jick Choi ◽  
Dae-Hong Ko ◽  
Ja-Hum Ku ◽  
Siyoung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
Post Annealing ◽  
Alloy Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe silicidation reactions and thermal stability of Co silicide formed from Co-Ta/Si systems have been investigated. In case of Co-Ta alloy process, the formation of low resistive CoSi2phase is delayed to about 660°C, as compared to conventional Co/Si system. Moreover, the presence of Ta in Co-Ta alloy films reduces the silicidation reaction rate, resulting in the strong preferential orientation in CoSi2 films. Upon high temperature post annealing in the furnace, the sheet resistance of Co-silicide formed from Co/Si systems increases significantly, while that of Co-Ta/Si systems maintains low. This is due to the formation of TaSi2 at the grain boundaries and surface of Co-silicide films, which prevents the grain boundary migration thereby slowing the agglomeration. Therefore, from our research, increased thermal stability of Co-silicide films was successfully obtained from Co-Ta alloy process.

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