Comparison of Crime Victimization between Urban and Rural Adolescents: Focusing on the Victimization rate, Severity of Victimization, and Latent Classes of victimization

Objectives: This study introduces an indicator of racial out-group marriage to the research on hate crime. Drawing upon a variant of group threat theory, we hypothesize that Black out-group marriage with Whites will be positively related to anti-Black hate crime rates insofar as such marriages are perceived as transgressions of cultural boundaries. Informed by Allport’s contact theory, we hypothesize that Black out-group marriage with Whites will be negatively related to anti-Black hate crime rates insofar as such marriages indicate intercultural accommodation. Methods: Using data for a sample of U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas circa 2010, we assess our hypotheses with two operationalizations of levels of hate crime—incidence rates and victimization rates. Results: Our results reveal that levels of Black out-group marriages with Whites are positively related to the Black hate crime victimization rate but not related to the incidence rate. Conclusions: Our analyses suggest that any salutary effect of intercultural accommodation associated with interracial marriage is overwhelmed by the influence of the perceived cultural threat and intensification of animus for the “at-risk” population for perpetrating anti-Black hate crimes.

Download Full-text

Mind the Gap: Hong Kong’s Sexual Conviction Record Scheme

Asian Journal of Comparative Law ◽

10.1017/asjcl.2015.10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 295-322

Author(s):

Rebecca ONG ◽

Sandy SABAPATHY ◽

Wing Hong CHUI

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Sex Offenders ◽

Criminal Behaviour ◽

Crime Victimization ◽

Employment Screening ◽

The World ◽

Victimization Rate ◽

Sex Offences ◽

The Uk ◽

And Control

AbstractIt is likely that no criminal behaviour breeds as much condemnation and fear as sex offences. Tragic examples of young victims of sex offenders from around the world have raised societal concerns and prompted calls for increased surveillance and control. It is responsible public policy to address these concerns in ways that will increase public protection and allay unnecessary fears. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, the paper examines Hong Kong’s recently implemented Sexual Conviction Record Check Scheme against the Territory’s low crime victimization rate. Second, it compares the Scheme with pre-employment screening checks in Australia and the UK. The paper finally concludes with proposals for changes to the Scheme.

Download Full-text

On Permissible Attribute Classes in Noncompensatory Cognitive Diagnosis Models

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000079 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 100-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jürgen Groß ◽

Ann Cathrice George

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Information ◽

Cognitive Diagnosis ◽

Latent Classes ◽

Psychometric Test ◽

Cognitive Diagnosis Models ◽

Dina Model

When a psychometric test has been completed by a number of examinees, an afterward analysis of required skills or attributes may improve the extraction of diagnostic information. Relying upon the retrospectively specified item-by-attribute matrix, such an investigation may be carried out by classifying examinees into latent classes, consisting of subsets of required attributes. Specifically, various cognitive diagnosis models may be applied to serve this purpose. In this article it is shown that the permission of all possible attribute combinations as latent classes can have an undesired effect in the classification process, and it is demonstrated how an appropriate elimination of specific classes may improve the classification results. As an easy example, the popular deterministic input, noisy “and” gate (DINA) model is applied to Tatsuoka’s famous fraction subtraction data, and results are compared to current discussions in the literature.

Download Full-text