scholarly journals Reconstruction of Urban Space and Changes of Urban Governance in China: From Work-Unit to Communities

중소연구 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
In Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Work Unit

scholarly journals John Lindsay, the Association for a Better New York, and the Privatization of New York City, 1969-1973

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-577
Author(s):  
Joe Merton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Urban Problems

Focusing on the collaboration between Mayor John Lindsay and business advocacy group the Association for a Better New York (ABNY), this article illustrates the utility of public and elite anxieties over street crime in legitimizing new, privatized models of urban governance during the early 1970s. ABNY’s privatized crime-fighting initiatives signified a new direction in city law enforcement strategies, a new “common sense” regarding the efficacy and authority of private or voluntarist solutions to urban problems, and proved of lasting significance for labor relations, the regulation of urban space, and the role of the private sector in urban policy. It concludes that, despite their limitations, the visibility of ABNY’s initiatives, their ability to construct a pervasive sense of crisis, and their apparent demonstration of public and elite consent played a significant role in the transformation of New York into the “privatized” or “neoliberal” city of today.

The Private Eye of Public Life: Surveillance, Security, and Urban Governance in the City of Toronto

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Private Policing

Market forces increasingly drive the development of urban space in globalized cities. Following deindustrialization, some municipalities have become dependent upon tax revenues derived from office towers. City managers and officer tower developers work under the pressure of competition to ensure their spaces are attractive to this highly mobile work force; safety and security are key selling points. In Toronto, large sections of urban space have been privatized and are policed by private security. Much of the privately owned space is designed to be publicly accessible, creating new dynamics between private security and public police. Changes to federal and provincial legislation, combined with a rapid expansion in the deployment of private security guards, signal an emerging urban governance model that supports private-public partnerships in policing. Under the supervision of David Murakami Wood, I conducted interviews with high-ranking politicians, security professionals, and social services executives in Toronto. These interviews revealed concerns about the erosion of public space, the treatment of marginalized populations, and inadequate private security regulations. Some argue the legal rights of private property owners permit security and surveillance practices that violate democratic values. Clearly, there is tension between the market forces that inform private policing, and the civic accountability of public police forces that remains unresolved. My research suggests new legislation is required to ensure this emerging urban governance model, which features private policing, preserves the democratic rights and freedoms of all citizens.

Boosting Entrepreneurism as a Product of Urban Creativity and Governance

2016 ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Jorge Gonçalves ◽  
Inês Vilhena da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Local Actors

This chapter aims to describe and reflect on the experience developed in a metropolitan territory that ambitiously wanted to articulate entrepreneurship, creativity and urban governance. In spaces marked by economic and social crisis the requirement to mobilize synergies between local actors is even more pressing. From the municipality's leadership, Almada Idea Laboratory Project sought to involve university professors and students to generate creative ideas as well as business hosting centre for the installation of projects with greater viability and the community in general that had the opportunity to assess and discuss the product of this effort. The council offered its urban space as a living laboratory. Ideas, business opportunities and, above all, the possibility of creating and strengthening links between actors, often distant, proved a very successful experience both in objective results as in the formation of useful social capital to develop new projects.

scholarly journals THE CONTROL OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, AMENITY, AND URBAN GOVERNANCE IN BRITAIN, 1893–1962

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
JAMES GREENHALGH
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Outdoor Advertising ◽  
Spatial Governance

Abstract This article examines the control of outdoor advertising in Britain, tracking its development as a mirror of the practices of spatial governance. It evidences both a largely forgotten, yet radical change in the urban environment, whilst also functioning as a lens through which we might examine local government's role in driving change in the visual environment of cities and towns. The article argues that, despite important early work by preservationist organizations, local corporations and councils were the principal drivers of legislation, altering attitudes in central government that ultimately led to stringent control of outdoor advertising in urban space. Beginning in the nineteenth century, but coming to the fore during the interwar period, corporations and councils pushed for ever greater controls over the size and siting of billboards, hoardings, and posters. In doing so, they deployed a language of amenity, and conjured with seemingly social democratic notions of citizens’ rights to push their agenda. The study is thus revealing of the ways in which town planning, patterns of holistic control in the visual environment, and the philosophy of urban modernism shaped even the most mundane, extant urban areas and left a lasting impression on the urban landscape.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL CITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF INCLUSIVENESS (A CASE OF KYIV)

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Eu.O. Maruniak ◽  
◽  
S.A. Lisovskyi ◽  
S.A. Pokliatskyi ◽  
A.A. Mozghovyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Economic Landscape

The problem of inclusive development has recently taken into account in Ukraine, although at the global level and in the EU such discussions have been going on for a long time, as well as key concepts were included in the documents shaping the international policy agenda. The paper aims to identify local markers of inclusion and/or exclusion within the capital post-socialist city, verify participatory approaches within the context of sustainable urban development research, and create a basis for developing recommendations for further improvement of urban policy in Ukraine. The example of the capital, Kyiv, a city that has been integrated into the global economic landscape for several decades, is the most indicative from the point of view of current and anticipated changes. The article outlines the main features of modern discourse in the field of inclusiveness and integrated urban development. On the case of Kyiv and a few urban neighborhoods, based on a survey and expert assessment, local features of the spatial measurement of inclusiveness, such as accessibility and openness of different types of infrastructural objects, organization of urban space, have been analyzed. The surveys, in addition to positive assessments of the availability of urban infrastructure for residents, and high quality of construction of individual facilities, simultaneously have been revealed significant shortcomings, especially for people with disabilities. The role of urban governance and international projects outcomes to achieve new goals of urban environment quality in Ukraine has been emphasized. The scientific novelty of the article is to identify local signs of inclusiveness and exclusivity in the capital city of a post-socialist country in the context of improving urban policy in Ukraine.

Scripting the City: Street Food, Urban Policy, and Neoliberal Redevelopment in Vancouver, Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Lauri Newman ◽  
Katherine Alexandra Newman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Trucks ◽  
City Street ◽  
The City

The reintroduction of food trucks to Vancouver responds to widespread public demand, yet has also been taken up as another tool of urban governance. Licensing restrictions are used to further municipal policy priorities, thus incorporating street food into city branding and urban redevelopment strategies. Although crafted to foster liveability, food truck licensing is also expected to advance the goal of making Vancouver the Greenest City and to project an image of a healthy, sustainable, multicultural city. While street food is being made increasingly accessible, it is simultaneously becoming a tool of biopolitical regulation. As food trucks participate in shaping urban space, they risk contributing to gentrification and the displacement of the very residents this increased accessibility is meant to serve.

scholarly journals On whose land is the city to be built? Farmers, donors and the urban land question in Beira city, Mozambique

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802092923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtah Shannon ◽  
Kei Otsuki ◽  
Annelies Zoomers ◽  
Mayke Kaag
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
New Era ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Urban Regime ◽  
Land Question ◽  
The City

A new era of global interventionism in African cities is emerging, the implications of which for existing claims to urban space are poorly understood. This is particularly true for the claims of farmers. Despite being a ubiquitous feature of many African cities, urban agriculture broadly exists in a conceptual limbo between rurality and urbanity, largely invisible to urban governance and substantive scholarship. Based on the case of Beira, Mozambique, in this article we make urban agriculture empirically and conceptually visible within the context of emerging debates on the urban land question in Africa. Through a historical–political analysis, we demonstrate how urban farming has constituted a distinct feature of Beira’s urbanism, which has evolved amidst successive and contradictory state-land regimes. Moving to the present day, we demonstrate how a new urban regime has emerged out of a coalition of municipal leaders and international donors with the aim of erasing all traces of urban agriculture from the city through urban ‘development’. The findings demonstrate that there is a need for a better understanding of the manifold claims to urban space, outside of slum urbanism alone, in contemporary land rights debates. We conclude by arguing that there is a need for a substantive land rights agenda that transcends the prescriptive categories of urbanism and rurality by focusing instead on the universal land question.

scholarly journals Overcoming Barriers to Urban Flood Resilience: A Case of Hyderabad, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Sehra ◽  
Milap Punia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Cities are increasingly faced with frequent floods disrupting everyday lives. Adapting to flood risks and conserving eco-sensitive sites are central to social ecological resilience. Rapidly expanding cities are found short of mitigating the adverse environmental impacts. For enhancing flood resilience, it is important to understand the interaction of the key stakeholders and its impact on governance and land use in the cities. Land use change in urban space is constantly influenced by negotiations among various interest groups. The urban governance structures are increasingly dominated by neoliberal approaches of profit maximization. Following a heuristic framework for policy analysis of land use change and governance, the present study assesses the barriers in building flood resilient cities. We apply the framework to Hyderabad city of Telangana, India, which has faced the recurring challenge of flooding. Results demonstrate the lack of urgency in implementing disaster management initiatives and contradictions in existing policies. This study points out the redundancy of elected municipal bodies for taking flood resilience measures, due to increasing proliferation of nondemocratic administrative bodies and underlines the need to bridge the gap through agendas cutting across sectors and institutions.

scholarly journals National Policy Agendas Encounter the City: Complexities of Political-Spatial Implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1387
Author(s):  
Scott A. Bollens
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Spatial Process ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Community Power ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
National Programs

This article examines implementation of national political agendas in two urban settings—Israel’s program aimed at sole sovereign control of Jerusalem and Northern Ireland’s effort to build peace in Belfast. It is based on seven months of in-country research and 122 interviews conducted in 2015 and 2016. Political goals of united Jerusalem in Israel and shared future in Northern Ireland are problematized as they confront micro-scale urban dynamics and resistant patterns of community power. A national policy agenda aimed at managing a city requires a political-spatial process of implementation having erratic effects. National-urban disjunctions were found in fundamentally different national programs, illuminating the inherent disruptive quality of urban dynamics in resisting national mandates. Findings inform theories of policy implementation and urban governance, highlighting problematic characteristics of national goals when implemented in urban space and the role of ethnic and cultural interests operating outside formal urban governance institutions in impeding national directives.

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