NATIONAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IN UKRAINE - CENTURY OF SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS AND FORECASTS (1921-2021)

2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the National Hydrometeorological Service in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to summarize the general history of the meteorological service and focus on the period that began in 1991 - during the independence of Ukraine, as at this time was the formation of the national hydrometeorological service. On November 19, 1921, the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic «On the Meteorological Service in Ukraine» was signed. In 1991, the State Committee of Ukraine for Hydrometeorology was established. To overcome the problems faced by the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine in 1993, measures were developed to stabilize and maintain the functioning of the service in conditions of insufficient financial and logistical support. In 1999, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine «On Hydrometeorological Activity», in which: the term «national hydrometeorological service» appeared; the principles of state policy in the field of hydrometeorological activity; the legal status of the service were established. In order to create a branch of hydrometeorological instrument making in 1996, the Government of Ukraine adopted the State Program «Meteorology». To strengthen the study of global and regional climate change in 1997, the Climate Program of Ukraine was adopted. The meteorological service was equipped with technical means of foreign production. A powerful computer was purchased for the Ukrainian Meteorological Center, and a high-resolution data reception system from the Meteosat satellite was put into operation. The first Doppler meteorological radar in Ukraine was installed at the Ukrainian Aviation Meteorological Center (Boryspil).Since 2012, the Department of Hydrometeorology has been part of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES). The Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center (UMMC) is the main organization of SES for hydrometeorological activities. 25 organizations of the Hydrometeorological Service, which have a status of a legal entity, are subordinate to UHMC with operational issues. At present about 4,200 employees work in the Hydrometeorological Service, of which almost 50% have higher education.

GEOINFORMATION ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPES OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the publication is to present the results of the study of anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, implemented by assessing the indicators of landscapes anthropogenic transformation, their diversity and fragmentation. The basic research methods are methods of geospatial GIS analysis and decoding of remote sensing data of the Earth, geoinformation mapping. According to the indicators of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes at the level of physical-geographical regions and districts of the Forest-Steppe zone, the features of changes for the period 1992-2018 are determined. The results of assessment of anthropogenic changes in forest-steppe landscapes of Ukraine show that in 1992 as well as in 2018 the vast majority of the landscapes of the territory are strongly and excessively transformed by anthropogenic activity. Such patterns persist, despite the fact that during the analyzed period in part of the investigated area there is a certain decrease in anthropogenic pressure on landscapes. The regular relations between the indicators of anthropic landscape diversity and fragmentation of landscapes are determined, which corroborates to their certain conditionality by the degree and nature of anthropogenic transformation of the territory. The novelty of the study are the proposed methods of spatial and temporal changes in landscapes estimating and identifying such changes in landscapes at the level of physical and geographical regions for the period 1992-2018 and revealing trends in the structure of land use, especially agricultural lands, forests, built-up territories as the leading types of land use in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.

THE CREATION OF BIOCLIMATIC VEGETATION MAP TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE AGRO FORESTRY IN BA AND KONE RIVER BASIN, VIETNAM

Bioclimate and natural vegetation have a long - term relationship that identify the potential vegetation distribution at different areas. For that reason, bioclimatic classification system was applied to the territory of Ba and Kone river basin, Vietnam. The precipitation and temperature dataset of Ba and Kone river basin was collected from 17 climate, hydrology, rain gauge stations which allowed to create a bioclimatic map at a scale of 1:250.000. Three bioclimatic factors of thermal-moisture basic conditions such as annual temperature (TN), annual rainfall (RN), length of dry season (n) are selected as criteria system of Ba and Kone river basin’s bioclimate. In order to describe the relationships between bioclimatic variables and zonal vegetation units, the resulting map presented 12 bioclimatic units corresponding distribution of vegetation from low to high altitudes. By building bioclimatology map in Ba and Kone river basin, the government can develop sustainable agro forestry in Central Highlands and South Central Coast of Vietnam.

OLD INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT (ON THE CASES OF DONETSK AND LUHANSK OBLASTS)

Old industrial regions are the areas of concentration of numerous problems. Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts with their economic profile formed at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries belong to such type of territories. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the development features, the search for the mechanisms to revitalise the regions of eastern Ukraine, especially after the beginning of the armed conflict in 2014. The development problems of the old industrial regions of Donbas are addressed in the article on the basis of in-depth statistical analysis and modern conceptual approaches to the reform of such territories. The study found that by the beginning of the armed conflict, the development path of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts were typical of the old industrial regions. Due to the uneven extent of occupation of the economic potential, the regions of eastern Ukraine reacted differently to the events of 2014. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, the structure of the economy and investments, the article proves that currently Donetsk oblast has almost retained the main trends of previous development. However, the part of Luhansk oblast controlled by the government of Ukraine is gradually turning into an agro-industrial region and losing the features of the old industrial region. The recovery of the old industrial regions of Donbas should be based on real reindustrialization and post-industrialization, should include measures aimed at human capital development (change of mentality, overcoming paternalistic approaches, intensification of entrepreneurial activity) and the formation of a favourable business climate. The main tasks for Luhansk oblast now are overcoming regional disparities, logistical alienation of the northern districts and integration of the territory on new economic ties. The scientific novelty of the research lies in defining the features of the transformation of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts economic landscape since the beginning of the armed conflict, substantiating the most relevant approaches to reforming the old industrial regions of Donbas.

DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF UKRAINE ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT GLOBALIZATION SCENARIOS

The paper identifies the features of participation of Ukraine in neoliberal globalization processes, as well as the course of the 2020-2021 Global hiatus related to the current world financial crisis, COVID-19 pandemic and the “great lockdown” as its consequence. Among others, the study methods include the analysis of relevant scientific publications, screening and content analysis of analytical sources, statistical reports and open media. The research goal is to forecast possible ways of socio-economic development of Ukraine after the COVID-19 crisis using the potential options of the global future proposed by A.T. Kearney (2016). Using SWOT analysis, the prospects for the development of Ukraine and its regions are detailed according to the four very different potential scenarios: globalization 3.0, polarization, islandization and commonization, that highlight the scientific novelty of the research. The most probable (symbiosis of globalization and polarization) and the most preferable (commonization) scenarios are determined. At the same time, a contribution to the international scientific discourse on the Global hiatus concept was made, as well as to the discussion on the importance of increasing the regulatory impact of state, in particular on social issues and environmental protection, and to the discourse on rejection of neoliberal fundamentalism with further transition to post-liberalism and alter-globalization.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL CITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF INCLUSIVENESS (A CASE OF KYIV)

The problem of inclusive development has recently taken into account in Ukraine, although at the global level and in the EU such discussions have been going on for a long time, as well as key concepts were included in the documents shaping the international policy agenda. The paper aims to identify local markers of inclusion and/or exclusion within the capital post-socialist city, verify participatory approaches within the context of sustainable urban development research, and create a basis for developing recommendations for further improvement of urban policy in Ukraine. The example of the capital, Kyiv, a city that has been integrated into the global economic landscape for several decades, is the most indicative from the point of view of current and anticipated changes. The article outlines the main features of modern discourse in the field of inclusiveness and integrated urban development. On the case of Kyiv and a few urban neighborhoods, based on a survey and expert assessment, local features of the spatial measurement of inclusiveness, such as accessibility and openness of different types of infrastructural objects, organization of urban space, have been analyzed. The surveys, in addition to positive assessments of the availability of urban infrastructure for residents, and high quality of construction of individual facilities, simultaneously have been revealed significant shortcomings, especially for people with disabilities. The role of urban governance and international projects outcomes to achieve new goals of urban environment quality in Ukraine has been emphasized. The scientific novelty of the article is to identify local signs of inclusiveness and exclusivity in the capital city of a post-socialist country in the context of improving urban policy in Ukraine.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE TERRITORIES’ CLASSIFICATION WITH PARAMETERS OF THE RECREATIONAL NATURE USE

The article presents theoretical and methodological principles of researching the system of recreational nature resources use on different areas. Definition of the system, assessment of the resources, the territories’ recreational potential and their following differentiation are the paper’s tasks. Several academician and scientific methods have been applied: the structural analysis (composition of recreational resources), generalization (assessment of the industry’s status), mathematical (evaluation of the territories’ recreational potential), statistical analysis (classification of the territories by economic indicators), grouping the territories, and synthesis (elaboration of the multilevel algorithm of their differentiation). Recreational natural resources use is the part of the general system of the nature use. It is broader term than the recreational industry, since it includes protection and restoration of the resources. The multiplicative economic effect and joint use of recreational resources with other users are key features of the industry. Significant discrepancy between the scope of available recreational resources and intensity of their use are inherent for all Ukraine’s regions. The multilevel algorithm of the complex classification of the territories according to models of recreational nature use is to differentiate territories by type of settlements (urban, rural, intermediate), their proximity to urban centres (urbanized and peripheral), recreational potential (high, medium, low), and economic efficiency of industry (effective, moderately effective, inefficient). Accordingly three types of a territory’s development strategy have been identified: recreational specialization, major recreational industry, and internal recreations. The novelty of the research are the approach to determine essence, structure and functions of the system of recreational nature use, the set of criteria and indicators to evaluate recreational potential of the regions, and multilevel algorithm to classify territories and define models of their recreational use.