Thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia

Abstract Background To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision participated in the study. Both eyes of children with amblyopia and the right eyes of children with normal vision underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macula. An independent-sample t-test was used to compare measurements of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with control eyes. Results There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness in the five sectors between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes than in control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusions The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

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Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6853258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Zheren Xia ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Suilian Zheng

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Macular Area ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Fellow Eyes ◽

Sd Oct

Objective. To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision were recruited in the study. Both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia and the right eyes of normal controls underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT. The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macular. An independent sample t -test was applied to compare the mean layer thicknesses of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with those of control eyes. Results. There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusion. The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

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COVID-19: More than a Respiratory Virus, An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-160946/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ESRA DAG SEKER ◽

Elif Inci ERBAHCECI TIMUR

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Ocular Pain ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate anatomic and morphologic features of inner and outer retinal layers in patients recovered from COVID-19 with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), whwther correlate with any symptoms during disease process.Methods: 32 patients recovered from COVID-19; age and gender matched 36 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, macular and periapiller retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the outer retinal hyperreflective bands including external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ) were examined with SD-OCT. The differences of each retinal layers thickness among subgroup analysis of ocular pain and headache were also compared. Results: Macular RNFL of inner and outer nasal and outer inferior quadrants were thinner in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy control group. (p=0.046, p=0.014 and p=0.016, respectively). Thinning in outer superior quadrant of GCIPL and INL quadrants were detected in patients with headache (p=0.026 and p=0.01). Superonasal and inferotemporal sectors of pRNFL were thinner in patients with ocular pain compared to patients without ocular pain (p=0.024 an p=0.015). Integrity of EZ, ELM and IZ were evaluated as continious line and protected on each OCT scans. Conclusion: The study demostrated convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the inner and outer retinal layers, with subclinical localized alterations particularly in patients with headache and ocular pain symptoms during COVID-19 period.

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Longitudinal Changes in the Retinal Microstructures of Eyes With Chiasmal Compression

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. e131-e140

Author(s):

Ga-In Lee ◽

Ki Young Son ◽

Kyung-Ah Park ◽

Doo-Sik Kong ◽

Sei Yeul Oh

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Decompression Surgery ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Chiasmal Compression ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Sd Oct

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that there was a temporal change in the retinal microstructure after decompression surgery for chiasmal compression, the 1-year longitudinal changes in the inner and outer retinal thickness after decompression surgery were analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with linear mixed-effects models.MethodsSD-OCT was obtained from 87 eyes with chiasmal compression and compared to 100 healthy controls. The preoperative and 1-year postoperative longitudinal changes in the retinal layer thickness were measured. The thickness of each of the following retinal layers was analyzed: the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the inner plexiform layer (IPL), the inner nuclear layer, the outer plexiform layer, the outer nuclear layer, and the photoreceptor layer.ResultsThe RNFL, GCL, and IPL showed thinning at a rate of 1.068 μm/y (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.523, 1.613), 1.189 μm/y (95% CI 0.452, 1.925), and 1.177 μm/y (95% CI 0.645, 1.709), respectively, after decompression surgery. The preoperative thickness of the intraretinal layer was associated with postoperative visual field recovery (RNFL, odds ratio [OR] 1.221, 95% CI 1.058, 1.410; GCL, OR 1.133, 95% CI 1.024, 1.254; and IPL, OR 1.174, 95% CI 1.002, 1.376).ConclusionsThe changes in retinal microstructure persisted and progressed in eyes with chiasmal compression after decompression surgery. The findings provide insight into the biological and anatomical sequelae following chiasmal compression. The preoperative thickness of the inner retinal layers was associated with postoperative visual field recovery.

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Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: Structural Retinal Changes Correlate with the Improvement of Visual Function

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Andrea Cacciamani ◽

Pamela Cosimi ◽

Guido Ripandelli ◽

Marta Di Nicola ◽

Fabio Scarinci

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Function ◽

Epiretinal Membrane ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Sd Oct

Several parameters have been studied for identifying the visual outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling. This retrospective study aimed to analyze structural retinal changes with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and their correlations with visual acuity improvement in patients with ERM undergoing PPV. Twenty-one pseudophakic eyes were enrolled in the study. Ophthalmic evaluations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal layer thickness measurements with SD-OCT. The segmentation of the retina was divided into four parts: the inner retinal layer (IRL), composed of an internal limiting membrane, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer; inner nuclear layer (INL); outer plexiform layer (OPL); and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Correlations between changes in retinal layer thicknesses and BCVA were explored over a 6 month follow-up period. The postoperative thickness decrease of the INL was significantly correlated with thickness changes in all other measured retinal layers (p < 0.001). Non-parametric linear regression showed that postoperative improvement in BCVA was associated with a postoperatively decreased thickness in the IRL (p = 0.021), INL (p = 0.039), and OPL (p = 0.021). In eyes undergoing PPV, postoperative thickness decreases of the IRL, INL, and OPL were correlated with visual acuity improvements. Re-compaction of these retinal layers after relieving ERM-induced traction may be an important factor in postoperative visual function improvement.

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Retinal microvascular signs in COVID-19

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318236

Author(s):

Ralene Sim ◽

Gemmy Cheung ◽

Daniel Ting ◽

Edmund Wong ◽

Tien Yin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical History ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Imaging Device ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retinal Microvascular Signs

Background/aimsTo explore if retinal findings are associated with COVID-19 infection.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited participants positive for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab, with no medical history. Subjects underwent retinal imaging with an automated imaging device (3D OCT-1 Maestro, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) to obtain colour fundus photographs (CFP) and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans of the macula. Data on personal biodata, medical history and vital signs were collected from electronic medical records.Results108 patients were recruited. Mean age was 36.0±5.4 years. 41 (38.0%) had symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at presentation. Of 216 eyes, 25 (11.6%) had retinal signs—eight (3.7%) with microhaemorrhages, six (2.8%) with retinal vascular tortuosity and two (0.93%) with cotton wool spots (CWS). 11 eyes (5.1%) had hyper-reflective plaques in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer layer on OCT, of which two also had retinal signs visible on CFP (CWS and microhaemorrhage, respectively). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of retinal signs in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients (12 (15.0%) vs 13 (9.6%), p=0.227). Patients with retinal signs were significantly more likely to have transiently elevated blood pressure than those without (p=0.03).ConclusionOne in nine had retinal microvascular signs on ocular imaging. These signs were observed even in asymptomatic patients with normal vital signs. These retinal microvascular signs may be related to underlying cardiovascular and thrombotic alternations associated with COVID-19 infection.

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Changes in each retinal layer and ellipsoid zone recovery after full-thickness macular hole surgery

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90955-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Min-Woo Lee ◽

Tae-Yeon Kim ◽

Yong-Yeon Song ◽

Seung-Kook Baek ◽

Young-Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Macular Hole ◽

Axial Length ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Ellipsoid Zone ◽

Full Thickness Macular Hole ◽

Fellow Eyes

AbstractTo analyze the changes in each retinal layer and the recovery of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) after full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) surgery. Patients who underwent surgery for FTMH were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A total of 32 eyes were enrolled. Ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer showed significant reductions over time after surgery (P = 0.020, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), but were significantly thicker than those of fellow eyes at 12 months postoperatively. The average recovery duration of the external limiting membrane (ELM), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and EZ was 1.5, 2.1, and 6.1 months, respectively. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P = 0.003), minimum linear diameter (MLD) (P = 0.025), recovery of EZ (P = 0.008), and IRL thickness (P < 0.001) were significant factors associated with changes in the BCVA. Additionally, axial length (P < 0.001), MLD (P = 0.020), and IRL thickness (P = 0.001) showed significant results associated with EZ recovery. The IRL gradually became thinner after FTMH surgery but was still thicker than that of the fellow eye at 12 months postoperatively. The recovery of ELM and ONL may be a prerequisite for the EZ recovery. The BCVA change was affected by baseline BCVA, MLD, recovery of EZ, and IRL thickness. Additionally, axial length, MLD, and IRL thickness were significantly associated with EZ recovery.

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Outer Retinal Layers’ Thickness Changes in relation to Age and Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/1698967 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mona Kamal Abdellatif ◽

Yasser Abdelmaguid Mohamed Elzankalony ◽

Ahmed Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid Ebeid ◽

Weam Mohamed Ebeid

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Old Patients ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose. To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers’ thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. Study Design. Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods. We studied 125 healthy Egyptians between 20 and 79 years old. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (20–40 years), group 2 (40–60 years), and group 3 (>60 years). All patients had full ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was done to measure the 9 ETDRS macular grid sectors of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segment (RPE-OS), outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor inner segment (ONL-IS), and choroidal thickness (CT) (by enhanced depth imaging). Results. RPE-OS was significantly thinner in group 3 than in the other 2 groups (central: P<0.001). Moreover, the 3 groups were significantly different from each other regarding the CT (central: P<0.001); significant thinning was noticed in the choroid with age. The 3 groups did not show significant difference concerning the ONL-IS thickness. RPE-OS and CT showed statistically significant negative correlation with age (central RPE-OS: r = −0 C.345, P<0.001, and central CT: r = −0.725, P<0.001) while ONL-IS showed statistically nonsignificant correlation with age (central ONL-IS: r = −0.08, P=0.376). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of central 1 mm RPE-OS thickness in this study was age (β = −0.087, P=0.010) rather than choroidal thinning (β = 0.001, P=0.879). Conclusion. RPE-OS layer thickness shows significant thinning with increasing age, and with decrease in CT, however, age is the most determinant factor of this thinning.

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Macular ganglion cell-Inner plexiform layer thickness measurement and reproducibility with SD-OCT

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.f016.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

M FRANCOZ ◽

J FENOLLAND ◽

JM GIRAUD ◽

H EL CHEHAB ◽

D SENDON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Sd Oct

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Glaucomatous Maculopathy: Thickness Differences on Inner and Outer Macular Layers between Ocular Hypertension and Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using 8 × 8 Posterior Pole Algorithm of SD-OCT

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jose Javier Garcia-Medina ◽

Monica del-Rio-Vellosillo ◽

Ana Palazon-Cabanes ◽

Maria Dolores Pinazo-Duran ◽

Vicente Zanon-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocular Hypertension ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Open Angle ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Early Primary ◽

Sd Oct

The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of all inner and outer macular layers between ocular hypertension (OHT) and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) 8 × 8 posterior pole algorithm (8 × 8 PPA). Fifty-seven eyes of 57 OHT individuals and fifty-seven eyes of 57 early POAG patients were included. The thickness of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform and nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and retinal pigment epithelium were obtained in 64 cells for each macular layer and mean thickness of superior and inferior hemispheres was also calculated. Thinning of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in mRNFL, GCL and IPL and thickening of superior and inferior hemisphere mean thickness in PRL and inferior hemisphere in INL were found in early GPAA group. Otherwise, heatmaps representing cell-to-cell comparisons showed thinning patterns in inner retinal layers (except for INL) and thickening patterns in outer retinal layers in GPAA group. We found that 8 × 8 PPA not only allows the detection of significant thinning patterns in inner retinal layers, but also thickening patterns in outer retinal layers when comparing early POAG eyes to OHT eyes.

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Distribution of activities of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes and malate dehydrogenase in guinea pig retinal layers.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/35.6.3571959 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 669-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C D Ross ◽

D A Godfrey

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Malate Dehydrogenase ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Energy Production ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Metabolic Reactions ◽

The Difference

Distributions of activity of the cytosolic (cAAT) and mitochondrial (mAAT) isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase and of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were determined in guinea pig retinal layers. The distribution of total AAT activity (tAAT = cAAT + mAAT) and of mAAT activity correlated well (r = 0.88-0.91) with the distribution of MDH activity. mAAT activity was highest in the inner segments of the photoreceptors; there was a greater than twelve-fold difference between activity in that layer and in the inner retinal layers. cAAT activity was also highest in the inner segments, but the difference between the activity in the inner segments and the other layers was not nearly as great as with mAAT. cAAT activity was also relatively high in the outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, and part of the inner plexiform layer. The high activity of cAAT, mAAT, and MDH in the inner segments indicates that all of these enzymes are involved in metabolic reactions related to energy production and/or to photoreceptive processes in the outer segments and, therefore, that the enzymes are probably involved in energy-related metabolism at synapses. However, other functions, including those related to neurotransmission, are not excluded.

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