GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum

Abstract Background In higher plants, the FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, in the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the cell membrane and cell wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development.Results We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all analyzed tissues, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of the wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, which increased by 5 fold in the fad2-3 anther at the pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid was 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Through compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content.Conclusions Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in the development of the pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition for plant growth and development.

Download Full-text

GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum

10.21203/rs.2.10412/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Lihong Ma ◽

Youwu Wang ◽

Yanjun Li ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Anther Development ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Phenotypic Abnormality ◽

Δ12 Desaturase

Download Full-text

GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum

10.21203/rs.2.10412/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Lihong Ma ◽

Youwu Wang ◽

Yanjun Li ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Anther Development ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Background In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, towards biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in cell membrane and wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development. Results We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all tissues analyzed, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, accordingly increasing by 5 fold in fad2-3 anther at pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid reached to 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Based on compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content. Conclusions Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in development of pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton, and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition in plant growth and development.

Download Full-text

GhFAD2–3 is required for anther development in Gossypium hirsutum

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-2010-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Lihong Ma ◽

Youwu Wang ◽

Yanjun Li ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Anther Development ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Phenotypic Abnormality

Abstract Background In higher plants, the FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, in the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the cell membrane and cell wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development. Results We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2–3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2–1 to GhFAD2–4). GhFAD2–3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all analyzed tissues, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2–3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2–3 silenced plant (fad2–3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of the wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, which increased by 5 fold in the fad2–3 anther at the pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid was 5.43 in fad2–3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Through compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2–3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content. Conclusions Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in the development of the pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition for plant growth and development.

Download Full-text

GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum

10.21203/rs.2.10412/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Liu ◽

Lihong Ma ◽

Youwu Wang ◽

Yanjun Li ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Anther Development ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Background In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, towards biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in cell membrane and wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development. Results We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all tissues analyzed, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, accordingly increasing by 5 fold in fad2-3 anther at pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid reached to 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, far beyond WT that of which was only 0.39. Based on compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content. Conclusions Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in development of pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton, and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition in plant growth and development.

Download Full-text

The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plant Defense Against Fungal Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2659

Author(s):

Hong Zhang ◽

Huan Guo ◽

Weiguo Hu ◽

Wanquan Ji

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Resistance To Infection ◽

Regulatory Functions ◽

Long Non Coding Rna

Growing interest and recent evidence have identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as the potential regulatory elements for eukaryotes. LncRNAs can activate various transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that impact cellular functions though multiple regulatory functions. Recently, a large number of lncRNAs have also been identified in higher plants, and an understanding of their functional role in plant resistance to infection is just emerging. Here, we focus on their identification in crop plant, and discuss their potential regulatory functions and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in plant pathogen stress responses, referring to possible examples in a model plant. The knowledge gained from a deeper understanding of this colossal special group of plant lncRNAs will help in the biotechnological improvement of crops.

Download Full-text

Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9050454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Balaji Aravindhan Pandian ◽

Rajendran Sathishraj ◽

Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽

P.V. Vara Prasad ◽

Mithila Jugulam

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽

Crop Species ◽

Plant Stress Response ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Domains Of Life

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. The molecular and biochemical processes catalyzed by CYPs have been well characterized, however, the relationship between the biochemical process catalyzed by CYPs and its effect on several plant functions was not well established. The advent of next-generation sequencing opened new avenues to unravel the involvement of CYPs in several plant functions such as plant stress response. The expression of several CYP genes are regulated in response to environmental stresses, and they also play a prominent role in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. CYPs have an enormous potential to be used as a candidate for engineering crop species resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest research on the role of CYPs in plant stress response.

Download Full-text

The Role of Rhizobial ACC Deaminase in the Nodulation Process of Leguminous Plants

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2016/1369472 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Francisco X. Nascimento ◽

Clarisse Brígido ◽

Bernard R. Glick ◽

Márcio J. Rossi

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Acc Deaminase ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Direct Role ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Symbiotic rhizobia-legumes associations are extremely important in terms of sustainable agricultural practices. This symbiosis involves a complex interaction between both partners, plant and bacterium, for bacterial infection and the formation of symbiotic N-fixing nodules. In this regard, the phytohormone ethylene plays a significant role in nodule formation, acting as an inhibitor of the nodulation process. Ethylene not only regulates nodule development but also regulates many other plant developmental cues, including various stress responses that inhibit overall plant growth. Some rhizobia produce the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, thus, being able to decrease ACC and, consequently, decrease deleterious ethylene levels that affect the nodulation process. This occurs because ACC is the immediate precursor of ethylene in all higher plants. Hence, rhizobia that express this enzyme have an increased symbiotic potential. In addition to the direct role that ACC deaminase plays in the nodulation processper se, in a limited number of instances, ACC deaminase can also modulate nodule persistence. This review focuses on the important role of rhizobial ACC deaminase during the nodulation process, emphasizing its significance to legume growth promotion.

Download Full-text