scholarly journals Working Memory and Decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Marilla Bianco ◽  
Tindara Caprì ◽  
Flavia Marino ◽  
Liliana Ruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Delayed Discounting

Abstract Objective: Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age-matched controls. Method: Thirty-two children equally divided between typically developing and ADHD, from 8 to 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. In the primary task the child has to choice between two different amounts of money at different time delays, while in the secondary task the child has to repeat a random series of digits with different lengths. The experiment was conducted in a school setting. Results: Compared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and discounting rates increased in both groups for heavier memory loads. Furthermore, the memory load impact on frequency of immediate rewards was stronger in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children. Discussion: Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes, their impact on impulsive behaviour in ADHD and the need for future research to understand possible neurocognitive correlates and use those information to develop better inclusive policies.

scholarly journals Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Marilla Bianco ◽  
Tindara Caprì ◽  
Flavia Marino ◽  
Liliana Ruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Delayed Discounting

Abstract Background Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age-matched controls. Method Thirty-two children equally divided between typically developing and ADHD, from 8 to 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. In the primary task the child has to choose between two different amounts of money at different time delays, while in the secondary task the child has to repeat a random series of digits with different lengths. The experiment was conducted in a school setting. Results Compared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and discounting rates increased in both groups for heavier memory loads. Furthermore, the memory load impact on frequency of immediate rewards was stronger in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children. Discussion Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes, their impact on impulsive behaviour in ADHD and the need for future research to understand possible neurocognitive correlates and use that information to develop better inclusive policies.

scholarly journals Working Memory and Decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Marilla Bianco ◽  
Tindara Caprì ◽  
Flavia Marino ◽  
Liliana Ruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Delayed Discounting

Abstract Objective Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age matched controls. Method Thirty-two children equally divided with typical development or ADHD between 8 and 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. The first task was a forced dual choice between different amount of moneys at different time delay, while the second task was the repetition of a random series of digits with different lengths. Results Compared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and for heavier memory load conditions. Furthermore, the memory load impact was stronger in children with ADHD compared to children with typical development. Discussion Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes.

The art of planning ahead: when do we prepare for the future and when is it effective? (under review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Huijser ◽  
Niels Anne Taatgen ◽  
Marieke K. van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Task Preparation ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Consistent Support

Preparing for the future during ongoing activities is an essential skill. Yet, it is currently unclear to what extent we can prepare for the future in parallel with another task. In two experiments, we investigated how characteristics of a present task influenced whether and when participants prepared for the future, as well as its usefulness. We focused on the influence of concurrent working memory load, assuming that working memory would interfere most strongly with preparation. In both experiments, participants performed a novel sequential dual-task paradigm, in which they could voluntary prepare for a second task while performing a first task. We identified task preparation by means of eye tracking, through detecting when participants switched their gaze from the first to the second task. The results showed that participants prepared productively, as evidenced by faster RTs on the second task, with only a small cost to the present task. The probability of preparation and its productiveness decreased with general increases in present task difficulty. In contrast to our prediction, we found some but no consistent support for influence of concurrent working memory load on preparation. Only for concurrent high working memory load (i.e., two items in memory), we observed strong interference with preparation. We conclude that preparation is affected by present task difficulty, potentially due to decreased opportunities for preparation and changes in multitasking strategy. Furthermore, the interference from holding two items may reflect that concurrent preparation is compromised when working memory integration is required by both processes.

scholarly journals Incidental change detection and working memory load in a dual-task paradigm

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 554-554
Author(s):  
B. L. Angelone ◽  
M. R. Beck ◽  
D. T. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm

scholarly journals Working Memory Load Affecting the Framing Effect of Risk Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
欣静 严
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Risk Decision

Increased Working Memory Load in a Dual-Task Design Impairs Nonverbal Social Encoding in Children with High and Low Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Dane C. Hilton ◽  
Matthew A. Jarrett ◽  
Ana T. Rondon ◽  
Josh Tutek ◽  
Mazheruddin M. Mulla
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Effects of working memory load, a history of conduct disorder, and sex on decision making in substance dependent individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Fridberg ◽  
Kyle R. Gerst ◽  
Peter R. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Effects of working memory load on uncertain decision-making: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Fang Cui ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Hai-Song Shi ◽  
Lu-Lu Liu ◽  
Xing-Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Working Memory Load

Cognitive load during route selection increases reliance on spatial heuristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad T Brunyé ◽  
Shaina B Martis ◽  
Holly A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Southern Route

Planning routes from maps involves perceiving the symbolic environment, identifying alternate routes and applying explicit strategies and implicit heuristics to select an option. Two implicit heuristics have received considerable attention, the southern route preference and initial segment strategy. This study tested a prediction from decision-making theory that increasing cognitive load during route planning will increase reliance on these heuristics. In two experiments, participants planned routes while under conditions of minimal (0-back) or high (2-back) working memory load. In Experiment 1, we examined how memory load impacts the southern route heuristic. In Experiment 2, we examined how memory load impacts the initial segment heuristic. Results replicated earlier results demonstrating a southern route preference (Experiment 1) and initial segment strategy (Experiment 2) and further demonstrated that evidence for heuristic reliance is more likely under conditions of concurrent working memory load. Furthermore, the extent to which participants maintained efficient route selection latencies in the 2-back condition predicted the magnitude of this effect. Together, results demonstrate that working memory load increases the application of heuristics during spatial decision making, particularly when participants attempt to maintain quick decisions while managing concurrent task demands.

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