Isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus from clinical domestic dogs in Addis Ababa pet clinics, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
mesfin urda shurbe
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Exotic Breed

Abstract Background: Canine Distemper is infectious, highly contagious viral disease of canine and feline species with worldwide occurrence, having characteristics of systemic signs with frequent nervous dysfunction. However, the previous studies have underreported canine distemper status in Ethiopia together with its strain makes this study mandatory. Therefore, the principal aim of the present study was to find out the occurrence of CD from clinical dogs in association with other cases in Addis Ababa pet clinics. Results: Out of the 150 dogs that are brought to different Addis Ababa pet clinics, 70 cases (46.66%) were identified to have signs suggestive of CDV infection. Of all the 70 suspected cases of CD, ocular and nasal discharge swab samples were collected and screened by FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test for the presence of canine distemper virus. Of the screened samples, 16 (22.86%) were positive for canine distemper. Samples that were positive for FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test were further confirmed using cell culture in Vero cell as gold standard technique. Out of the 16 screened positive samples inoculated in Vero cells, 12 specimen (75%) showed Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of Syncytia formation within 24 and 48 hours of inoculation while the rest 4 negative samples were passaged in Vero cell three times before declaring negative. Uninoculated negative controls included in each run did not show any effects. Conclusion: The present study revealed the existence of CD in the study area, showing 16 positive domestic dogs out of 70 cases do not received periodic immunization according to CD strains. Besides this, CD is chief disease of local domestic dogs relative to exotic breed. Therefore isolation of clinical domestic dogs from healthy ones, good management practice, public awareness creation about the disease, routine immunization of animals according to circulating strains of CD is mandatory. Key word : CDV, Cytopathic Effects, Dog, FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain ZJ7 isolate from domestic dogs in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Tan ◽  
Yong-Jun Wen ◽  
Feng-Xue Wang ◽  
Shu-Qin Zhang ◽  
Xiu-Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Strain ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus Strain

scholarly journals Natural Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Linnaeus’s 2-Toed Sloths (Choloepus didactylus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Watson ◽  
Andrew C. Cushing ◽  
Julie D. Sheldon ◽  
Eman Anis ◽  
Rebecca P. Wilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Viral Sequencing

An outbreak of canine distemper virus in a private zoo in eastern Tennessee in July 2016 led to fatal clinical disease in 5 adult, wild-caught Linnaeus’s 2-toed sloths ( Choloepus didactylus). Clinical signs included hyporexia, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and oral and facial ulcers. At necropsy, affected animals had crusts and ulcers on the lips, nose, tongue, and oral cavity. Microscopically, all sloths had widespread, random, hepatic necrosis; lymphoid depletion; and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The central nervous system did not contain gross or histopathologic lesions in any of the 5 sloths, although immunoreactivity for viral antigen was present within vessel walls. Epithelial cells and histiocytes within numerous organs contained intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and occasional syncytial cells. Canine distemper virus was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Viral sequencing identified the novel American-4 strain prevalent in eastern Tennessee wildlife. This is the first pathologic characterization of canine distemper virus infection in sloths (family Choloepodidae, order Pilosa) and emphasizes the significant morbidity and mortality in this species.

scholarly journals Serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna McRee ◽  
Rebecca P. Wilkes ◽  
Jessica Dawson ◽  
Roger Parry ◽  
Chris Foggin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Impact

Domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. Two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as African wild dogs and African lions, respectively. The impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in Zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessment and implementation of control measures. In this study, domestic dogs in north-western Zimbabwe were evaluated for antibodies to CDV, CPV, and canine adenovirus (CAV). These dogs were communal and had no vaccination history. Two hundred and twenty-five blood samples were collected and tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to CPV, CDV, and CAV. Of these dogs, 75 (34%) had detectable antibodies to CDV, whilst 191 (84%) had antibodies to CPV. Antibodies to canine adenovirus were present in 28 (13%) dogs. Canine parvovirus had high prevalence in all six geographic areas tested. These results indicate that CPV is circulating widely amongst domestic dogs in the region. In addition, CDV is present at high levels. Both pathogens can infect wildlife species. Efforts for conservation of large carnivores in Zimbabwe must address the role of domestic dogs in disease transmission.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Canine Distemper Virus Nucleocapsid Variants

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2409-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oglesbee ◽  
L. Tatalick ◽  
J. Rice ◽  
S. Krakowka
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Morbilliviruses Use Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecules (CD150) as Cellular Receptors

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 5842-5850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Tatsuo ◽  
Nobuyuki Ono ◽  
Yusuke Yanagi
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Rinderpest Virus ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Cytopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Morbilliviruses comprise measles virus, canine distemper virus, rinderpest virus, and several other viruses that cause devastating human and animal diseases accompanied by severe immunosuppression and lymphopenia. Recently, we have shown that human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is a cellular receptor for measles virus. In this study, we examined whether canine distemper and rinderpest viruses also use canine and bovine SLAMs, respectively, as cellular receptors. The Onderstepoort vaccine strain and two B95a (marmoset B cell line)-isolated strains of canine distemper virus caused extensive cytopathic effects in normally resistant CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells after expression of canine SLAM. The Ako vaccine strain of rinderpest virus produced strong cytopathic effects in bovine SLAM-expressing CHO cells. The data on entry with vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing measles, canine distemper, or rinderpest virus envelope proteins were consistent with development of cytopathic effects in SLAM-expressing CHO cell clones after infection with the respective viruses, confirming that SLAM acts at the virus entry step (as a cellular receptor). Furthermore, most measles, canine distemper, and rinderpest virus strains examined could any use of the human, canine, and bovine SLAMs to infect cells. Our findings suggest that the use of SLAM as a cellular receptor may be a property common to most, if not all, morbilliviruses and explain the lymphotropism and immunosuppressive nature of morbilliviruses.

Phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in domestic dogs in Nanjing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Bi ◽  
Yongshan Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Xingxia Xia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canine Distemper

Phylogenetic evidence of a new canine distemper virus lineage among domestic dogs in Colombia, South America

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Espinal ◽  
Francisco J. Díaz ◽  
Julian Ruiz-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canine Distemper

scholarly journals Isolation and sequence analysis of the complete H gene of canine distemper virus from domestic dogs in Henan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 164 (8) ◽  
pp. 2153-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Caihong Liu ◽  
Wujie Liu ◽  
Hongchao Wu ◽  
Hangtian Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
H Gene

scholarly journals Intake Vaccinations Reduced Signs of Canine Respiratory Disease During an Outbreak at an Animal Shelter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Andrukonis ◽  
Kelsea M. Brown ◽  
Nathaniel J. Hall ◽  
Alexandra Protopopova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Animal Shelter ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
Fecal Score

Animal shelters provide an ideal environment for the spread of disease. Dogs are often housed in close quarters with others of unknown vaccine histories, and experience high levels of sustained stress. As a result, Canine Infection Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is often prevalent and difficult to control. The aims of this study were to (1) identify specific pathogens responsible for CIRD in a city shelter in West Texas, USA, and (2) determine whether intake vaccinations decrease proportion of dogs exhibiting signs of CIRD even during an outbreak. A laboratory analysis of conjunctival, pharyngeal, and nasal swabs (n = 15 dogs) and fecal samples (n = 6 kennels) showed prevalence of various CIRD pathogens (e.g., canine adenovirus-2, canine parainfluenza virus, canine distemper virus). All fifteen dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, with the most prevalent pathogen being Canine Distemper Virus (CDV; n = 12). All of the kennels (n=6) tested positive for Canine Distemper Virus. Health data on dogs (n = 1,258) over the age of 6 weeks were assessed from May to August 2017. Beginning in July, both stray and owner-surrendered dogs were vaccinated with Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv 5 Way and Nobivac® Intra-Trac® 3 upon intake, which differed from the previous policy. For each day in the study, we calculated the proportion of dogs in each nasal discharge category, the proportion of dogs observed coughing, and the mean fecal score across all dogs. We conducted a linear regression between the proportion of the shelter vaccinated and the proportion of dogs coughing. At the beginning of the vaccination phase, ~25% of the dogs were coughing. However, as the proportion of the dogs vaccinated increased, the proportion of dogs coughing decreased. There was a significant decrease of 7% of the proportion of dogs coughing when vaccination was at least at 90% compared to when it was <90%. These data suggest that the shelter in this study was experiencing a CIRD outbreak, with CDV being primary pathogen, and that it is possible to substantially reduce illness by implementing a vaccination on intake protocol. The current study provides support for the importance of vaccination in animal shelter welfare.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document