scholarly journals Effect of Smoking on Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients in Malaysia; a Multicentre Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Collection Form

Abstract Background: Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of smoking and to assess the effects of smoking on treatment outcomes among TB patients.Methods: A multi-center retrospective study design was used to collect data from TB patients in four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, and Selangor. The study included medical records of TB patients admitted to the selected hospitals in the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Medical records with incomplete data were not included. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected using a validated data collection form.Results: Of all patients with TB (9337), the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%). Among smoker’s, 3584 (83.1%) were associated with pulmonary TB, while 729 (16.9%) were associated with Extra-pulmonary TB. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habits. This study found that 3236 (75.0 %) patients were successfully treated in the smoker group, while 4004 (79.7 %) patients were non-smokers. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in the smoker's group.Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations are an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effect Of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicentre Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Collection Form

Abstract Background: Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. Current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking and to assess the effects of smoking on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods: A multi-center retrospective study design was used to collect data from TB patients in four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, and Selangor. The study included medical records of TB patients admitted to the selected hospitals in the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Medical records with incomplete data were not included. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected using a validated data collection form. Results: Of all patients with TB (9337), the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%). Among smoker’s, 3584 (83.1%) were associated with pulmonary TB, while 729 (16.9%) were associated with Extra-pulmonary TB. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habits. This study found that 3236 (75.0 %) patients were successfully treated in the smoker group, while 4004 (79.7 %) patients were non-smokers. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in the smoker's group.Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations are an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effect Of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicentre Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Collection Form

Abstract Background : Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to assess the effects of smoking on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods : A multi-center retrospective study design was used to collect data from TB patients in four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, and Selangor. The study included medical records of TB patients admitted to the selected hospitals in the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Medical records with incomplete data were not included. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected using a validated data collection form. Results: Of all patients with TB (9337), the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%). Among smoker’s, 3584 (83.1%) were associated with pulmonary TB, while 729 (16.9%) were associated with Extra-pulmonary TB. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habit. This study found that 3236 (75.0 %) patients were successfully treated in the smoker group, while 4004 (79.7 %) patients were non-smokers. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in the smoker's group. Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations are an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effect Of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicentre Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Collection Form

Abstract Background : Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to assess the effects of smoking on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods : A multi-center retrospective study design was used to collect data from TB patients in four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, and Selangor. The study included medical records of TB patients admitted to the selected hospitals in the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Medical records with incomplete data were not included. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected using a validated data collection form. Results: Of all patients with TB (9337), the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%). Among smoker’s, 3584 (83.1%) were associated with pulmonary TB, while 729 (16.9%) were associated with Extra-pulmonary TB. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habit. This study found that 3236 (75.0 %) patients were successfully treated in the smoker group, while 4004 (79.7 %) patients were non-smokers. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in the smoker's group. Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations are an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effect Of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicenter Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Treatment Prognosis

Abstract Background: Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking and to assess the effects of smoking on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods: A multi-center retrospective study design was used to collect data from TB patients in four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, and Selangor. The study included medical records of TB patients admitted to the selected hospitals in the period from January 2006 to March 2009. Medical records with incomplete data were not included. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected using a validated data collection form. Results: Of all patients with TB (9337), the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%). Among smokers, 3584 (83.1%) were associated with pulmonary TB, while 729 (16.9%) were associated with extrapulmonary TB. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) all showed significant association with smoking habits. This study found that 3236 (75.0 %) patients were successfully treated in the smokers' group, while 4004 (79.7 %) patients were non-smokers. The proportion of deaths (6.6%, n=283), defaulters (6.6%, n=284) and treatment interruptions (4.7%, n=204) was higher in the smokers' group.Conclusions: Smoking has a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings indicate that smoking cessations are an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of Smoking On Treatment Outcome Among Tuberculosis Patients In Malaysia; A Multicentre Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Study Design ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Treatment Prognosis

Abstract Background : Smoking plays a key role in the development of tuberculosis (TB) infection and is also a predictor of poor TB treatment prognosis and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of smoking and to evaluate the TB treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods : A multicenter retrospective study design was used in order to collect data of TB patients at four different states of Malaysia, namely Penang, Sabah, Sarawak and Selangor. Medical records of patients having TB admitted at the selected hospitals from January 2006 to March 2009 were included in the study. Medical records with incomplete data were excluded. A validated data collection form was used to note patient demographic and clinical data. Results: Of all TB patients, the prevalence of smokers was 4313 (46.2%) while 5024 (53.8%) were non-smokers. Male gender (OR= 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), Chinese ethnicity (OR= 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), Sarawak indigenous ethnicity (OR= 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95), urban residents (OR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.61), employed individuals (OR= 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34), alcoholics (OR= 4.91, 95% CI 4.04-5.96), drug abusers (OR= 7.43, 95% CI 5.70-9.60) and presence of co-morbid condition (OR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.40) showed significant association with smoking habit. This study revealed that 3236 (75.0%) patients were successfully treated in smokers group while 4004 (79.7%) patients belong to non-smokers group. The proportion of death rate 283 (6.6%), defaulters 284 (6.6%) and treatment interruption 204 (4.7%) was high in smokers group. Conclusions: Smoking had a strong influence on TB and is a major barrier towards treatment success (OR= 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p< 0.001). Therefore, the findings point out that smoking cessations is an effective way to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.

Tuberculosis in native Israeli Arabs and Jews: trends and treatment outcomes, 1999–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3203-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. BISHARA ◽  
D. GOLDBLATT ◽  
E. RORMAN ◽  
Z. MOR
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Average ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Israeli Arabs

SUMMARYThe incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in native ethnic minorities remains high in developed countries. Arabs, the major ethnic minority in Israel, comprise 21% of its population. This retrospective study compared TB incidence, demographic, clinical, laboratory, genotyping characteristics and treatment outcomes in all Israeli-born citizens diagnosed with TB between 1999 and 2011 by ethnicity, i.e. Israeli-born Arabs (IA) and Jews (IJ). A total of 831 Israeli-born TB patients were reported. Of those, there were 530 (64%) IJ and 301 (36%) IA, with an average annual TB rate of 1·1 and 1·6 cases/100 000 population, respectively, lower than the national average (7·0 cases/100 000 population). TB rates in IA and IJ declined and converged to 1 case/100 000 residents. IA TB patients were more likely to be older, have more pulmonary TB and have lower treatment success rates than IJ. Older age and HIV co-infection, but not ethnicity, were predictive of non-success in TB treatment. Ten mixed IA–IJ clades were detected by spoligotyping and three mixed IA–IJ clusters were identified by MIRU-VNTR typing. Only one IA–IJ couple recalled mutual contact. In conclusion, TB rate in IA was higher than in IJ, but declined and converged in both to 1 case/100 000. Treatment success was high in both groups, and was unrelated to ethnicity.

scholarly journals A randomised controlled trial to evaluate a medication monitoring system for TB treatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
J. Acosta ◽  
P. Flores ◽  
M. Alarcón ◽  
M. Grande-Ortiz ◽  
L. Moreno-Exebio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Adherence to TB treatment and therefore treatment success could be improved using digital adherence technology.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a medication event reminder monitor system (MERM) on treatment success and treatment adherence in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in Perú.METHODS: This was an experimental, randomised, open-label, controlled study conducted among patients in the second phase of TB treatment. The intervention group received their medications through MERM with the support of a treatment monitor, whereas the control group used the usual strategy. Participants were followed until they completed the 54 doses of the second phase of treatment.RESULTS: The study included 53 patients in each group; four in the intervention group withdrew from the study. Treatment success was significantly more frequent in the MERM group (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.30; P = 0.0322). There was no significant difference in the adherence outcomes; however, the percentage of patients who missed at least one dose and patients with more than 10% of total doses missed were lower in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: The use of MERM in the second phase of treatment showed a significant improvement in the treatment success rate in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB.

scholarly journals Factors influencing TB treatment interruption and treatment outcomes among patients in Kiambu County, 2016-2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248820
Author(s):  
Evelyn Kimani ◽  
Samuel Muhula ◽  
Titus Kiptai ◽  
James Orwa ◽  
Theresa Odero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Time To Treatment ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interruptions

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality as a single infectious agent globally with increasing numbers of case notification in developing countries. This study seeks to investigate the clinical and socio-demographic factors of time to TB treatment interruption among Tuberculosis patients in Kiambu County, 2016–2019. We retrospectively analyzed data for all treatment outcomes patients obtained from TB tracing form linked with the Tuberculosis Information Basic Unit (TIBU) of patients in Kiambu County health facilities using time to treatment interruption as the main outcome. Categorical variables were presented using frequency and percentages. Kaplan-Meir curve was used to analyze probabilities of time to treatment interruptions between intensive and continuation phases. Log-rank test statistics was used to compare the equality of the curves. Cox proportion model was used to determine determinants of treatment interruption. A total of 292 participants were included in this study. Males were 68%, with majority (35%) of the participants were aged 24–35 years; 5.8% were aged 0–14 years and 5.1% aged above 55 years. The overall treatment success rate was 66.8% (cured, 34.6%; completed 32.2%), 60.3% were on intensive phase of treatment. Lack of knowledge and relocation were the major reasons of treatment interruptions. Patients on intensive phase were 1.58 times likely to interrupt treatment compared to those on continuation phase (aHR: 1.581; 95%CI: 1.232–2.031). There is need to develop TB interventions that target men and middle aged population in order to reduce treatment interruption and increase the treatment success rates in the County and Country.

scholarly journals Assessing the Real-Time Impact of COVID-19 on TB and HIV Services: The Experience and Response from Selected Health Facilities in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Irene Mbithi ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Jeremiah Muhwa Chakaya ◽  
Elizabeth Onyango ◽  
Philip Owiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Set Up

There was concern that the COVID-19 pandemic would adversely affect TB and HIV programme services in Kenya. We set up real-time monthly surveillance of TB and HIV activities in 18 health facilities in Nairobi so that interventions could be implemented to counteract anticipated declining trends. Aggregate data were collected and reported monthly to programme heads during the COVID-19 period (March 2020–February 2021) using EpiCollect5 and compared with monthly data collected during the pre-COVID period (March 2019–February 2020). During the COVID-19 period, there was an overall decrease in people with presumptive pulmonary TB (31.2%), diagnosed and registered with TB (28.0%) and in those tested for HIV (50.5%). Interventions to improve TB case detection and HIV testing were implemented from August 2020 and were associated with improvements in all parameters during the second six months of the COVID-19 period. During the COVID-19 period, there were small increases in TB treatment success (65.0% to 67.0%) and referral of HIV-positive persons to antiretroviral therapy (91.2% to 92.9%): this was more apparent in the second six months after interventions were implemented. Programmatic interventions were associated with improved case detection and treatment outcomes during the COVID-19 period, suggesting that monthly real-time surveillance is useful during unprecedented events.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Borama tuberculosis control program in Somaliland, Somalia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gedi Qayad ◽  
Gianfranco Tarsitani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The Borama TB program in Somalia lost resources for TB operations in 2003. We evaluated the impact of the loss on the program. Methodology: Pre-event (2002–2003) and post-event (2007) design were used. All TB patients registered in Borama and a sample of four months from Hargeisa (comparison) TB patients in both periods were abstracted. The following TB treatment outcomes were estimated: treatment success, treatment failure, case fatality, treatment interruption and transfer rates, along with percentage of patients with sputum specimen prior to treatment, percentage of patients from neighboring countries, and monthly average patients enrolled in treatment. The pre-event to post-event outcomes and measures were compared using descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results: In total, 3,367 TB cases were abstracted. In Borama, the TB treatment success rate increased 6% in the post-event. The treatment failure and interruption rates both declined 75%. Monthly average TB patients declined 55%. Percentage of patients smear tested prior to the initiation of the treatment declined 9%. Percentage of TB patients from neighboring countries and other parts of Somalia declined 51%. Treatment interruption/transfer rates declined significantly in the post-event, compared to the pre-event period. Treatment failure/death rate did not change in the post-event period. In Hargeisa, the treatment success, failure/death, and interruption/transfer rates were similar in both periods. The RR did not change in these measures after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusions: This study indicates a significant setback to the Borama TB control program in the majority of measures evaluated, except the TB success rate.

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