scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes and Drug resistance-associated mutations among Treatment-experienced Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Sijing Liu ◽  
Dan Yuan ◽  
Ling Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
National Capital ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: The National Free Antiretroviral therapy (ART) Program in China has initiated to provide ART to HIV-1 patients, which may cause problems with drug resistance (DR). The number of HIV/AIDS patients in Chengdu ranks first in the national capital city. However, there is little data on the prevalence of HIV-1 DR in this region. Therefore, epidemiological surveillance was conducted on HIV-1 DR among patients receiving ART in Chengdu. Methods: From 2014 to 2016, HIV/AIDS patients (15 years and older) who had received first-line ART for at least six months were enrolled in this study. Demographic, behavioral information and medical history were recorded, and blood samples were collected for viral loads and immune cell count analyses. HIV-1 pol was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs). Results: A total of 13,782 individuals were enrolled and 653 cases were considered treatment failure after 6 months of ART. 481 (481/653) samples were amplified and sequenced successfully for subtypes and drug resistance analysis. Six subtypes were identified, among which CRF01_AE (54.3%) and CRF07_BC (41.6%) were the dominant subtypes, and CRF55_01B was detected in Chengdu for the first time. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 DR was 1.8%, with 1.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1.7% to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) and 0.14% to protease inhibitors (PIs). The leading DRMs observed in the study were M184I/V (59.59%) against NRTIs and K103N (37.55%) against NNRTIs. Conclusions: This study focused on the HIV-1 molecular surveillance among treatment-experienced individuals in Chengdu. The overall prevalence of DR was relatively low among treated patients. These findings were believed to be contributed to an understanding of HIV-1 subtypes, DR prevalence and DRMs profiles in Chengdu, and thereby optimizing clinical management, prevention and control of HIV.

scholarly journals HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Sijing Liu ◽  
Dan Yuan ◽  
Ling Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Art Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

The National Free Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Program in China has initiated to provide ART to HIV-1 patients, which has acted as an efficient method to suppress viral replication and helps prevent onward transmissions. But the problems of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) may also come along. There is little data on the prevalence of HIVDR in Chengdu, where the number of HIV/AIDS patients ranks first among provincial capitals. Therefore, epidemiological surveillance was conducted in this area. From 2014 to 2016, HIV/AIDS patients (15 years and older) who had received first-line ART for at least six months were enrolled. Demographic, behavioral information and medical history were recorded, and blood samples were collected for viral loads and immune cell count analyses. HIV-1 pol was obtained for HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) among virologic failure patients. A total of 13,782 individuals were enrolled, and 481 samples were sequenced for subtypes and drug resistance analysis. Six subtypes were identified, among which CRF01_AE (54.3%) and CRF07_BC (41.6%) were the dominant subtypes, and CRF55_01B (0.4%) was detected in Chengdu for the first time. The prevalence of HIVDR in treatment-experienced patients was 1.8%, with 1.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 1.7% to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs), and 0.14% to protease inhibitors (PIs). The leading DRMs observed in the study were M184I/V (59.59%) against NRTIs and K103N (37.55%) against NNRTIs. This study focused on the HIVDR surveillance among patients receiving treatment in Chengdu. The overall prevalence of HIVDR was relatively low among treated patients. These findings were believed to be contributed to an understanding of HIV-1 subtypes, HIVDR prevalence, and DRMs in Chengdu and thereby optimizing clinical management, prevention, and control of HIV.

scholarly journals Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5304
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Pereira ◽  
Vera Triunfante ◽  
Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽  
Joana Martins ◽  
Helena Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

scholarly journals Performance of a high-throughput next-generation sequencing method for analysis of HIV drug resistance and viral load

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3510-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M Fogel ◽  
David Bonsall ◽  
Vanessa Cummings ◽  
Rory Bowden ◽  
Tanya Golubchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Viral Load Assay ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the performance of a high-throughput research assay for HIV drug resistance testing based on whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) that also quantifies HIV viral load. Methods Plasma samples (n = 145) were obtained from HIV-positive MSM (HPTN 078). Samples were analysed using clinical assays (the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Viral Load assay) and a research assay based on whole-genome NGS (veSEQ-HIV). Results HIV protease and reverse transcriptase sequences (n = 142) and integrase sequences (n = 138) were obtained using ViroSeq. Sequences from all three regions were obtained for 100 (70.4%) of the 142 samples using veSEQ-HIV; results were obtained more frequently for samples with higher viral loads (93.5% for 93 samples with &gt;5000 copies/mL; 50.0% for 26 samples with 1000–5000 copies/mL; 0% for 23 samples with &lt;1000 copies/mL). For samples with results from both methods, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were detected in 33 samples using ViroSeq and 42 samples using veSEQ-HIV (detection threshold: 5.0%). Overall, 146 major DRMs were detected; 107 were detected by both methods, 37 were detected by veSEQ-HIV only (frequency range: 5.0%–30.6%) and two were detected by ViroSeq only. HIV viral loads estimated by veSEQ-HIV strongly correlated with results from the Abbott RealTime Viral Load assay (R2 = 0.85; n = 142). Conclusions The NGS-based veSEQ-HIV method provided results for most samples with higher viral loads, was accurate for detecting major DRMs, and detected mutations at lower levels compared with a method based on population sequencing. The veSEQ-HIV method also provided HIV viral load data.

scholarly journals Correlation between HIV-1 genotype and clinical progression in HIV/AIDS patients in Surabaya, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
B E Rachman ◽  
S Q Khairunisa ◽  
A M Witaningrum ◽  
M Q Yunifiar ◽  
Nasronudin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 from Untreated Patients in Niamey, Niger

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïdou Mamadou ◽  
Yahayé Hanki ◽  
Amadou Roufaï Ali Maazou ◽  
Balki Aoula ◽  
Sanata Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of transmitted resistance to antiretroviral of HIV-1 circulating in Niger. We collected plasmas from 96 drug-naive patients followed up in the main HIV/AIDS Care Center of Niamey, the capital city of Niger. After RNA extraction and retrotranscription to proviral DNA, nested PCR was performed to amplify PR (codons 1–99) and RT (codons 1–240) fragments for sequencing. Sequences were analysed for phylogeny, then for resistance-associated mutations according to IAS-USA and Stanford's lists of mutations. We characterized six HIV-1 genetic variants: CRF02-AG (56.3%), CRF30_0206 (15.6%), subtype G (15.6%), CRF06_cpx (9.4%), CRF11_cpx (2.1%), and CRF01_AE (1%). About 8.3% of HIV strains had at least 1 resistance mutation: 4 strains with at least 1 mutation to NRTI, 5 for NNRTI, and 1 for PI, respectiveley 4.2%, 5.2%, and 1.0%. These preliminary results gave enough information for the need of instauring HIV drug resistance national surveillance.

scholarly journals Changing Proportions of HIV-1 Subtypes and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS Individuals — China, 2015 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (53) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138
Author(s):  
Jingjing Hao ◽  
◽  
Shan Zheng ◽  
Mengze Gan ◽  
Aobo Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

CRF06-cpx is the predominant HIV-1 variant in AIDS patients from Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmata Ouédraogo-Traoré ◽  
Celine Montavon ◽  
Thomas Sanou ◽  
Nicole Vidal ◽  
Lassana Sangaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women and HIV/AIDS Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Getacher Feleke ◽  
Angesom Gebreweld ◽  
Gashaw Zewde
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Women And Hiv ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is usually asymptomatic or causes a mild flu-like illness, it may become severe and can occasionally be fatal in immune-compromised people, such as AIDS patients or pregnant women. Method. Electronic English databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus), parasitology congresses, and theses of Ethiopian medical universities, were systematically searched (published or unpublished data). Full-length articles and abstracts were collected using keywords such as Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, pregnant women, HIV/AIDS, and Ethiopia. Results. Analysis of seroprevalence estimates was pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. Seventeen studies were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. One of these studies reported seroprevalence of T. gondii in HIV/AIDS patients and pregnant women. In this review, a total of 4,030 individuals were included and analyzed. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii in this review was 81.00% (95% CI = 69.10–89.78). Sub-group analysis showed that 2,557 pregnant women were evaluated. In pregnant women, the pooled sero-prevalence was 71.2 (95% CI = [51.9%, 87.1%]. In HIV/AIDS patients, 1,473 individuals were evaluated and the pooled seroprevalence was 88.45 (95% CI = 80.87%–94.31%). Conclusion. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection of 81% among immunocompromised patients. Scaling up prevention and control methods mainly strengthening educational efforts are necessary to avoid reactivation and to stop the spread of T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals A13 HIV drug resistance over a decade of antiretroviral therapy scale-up for HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Nguyen ◽  
D.H. Do ◽  
L.T. Nguyen ◽  
N.T. Do ◽  
H.H. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Aids
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