scholarly journals Isolated Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Peng Niu ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Yu-Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Leptomeningeal Enhancement ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging findings of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis have been reported to lack specificity. The hippocampus, frontal lobe, white matter, basal ganglia, and even spinal cord can be involved. However, isolated leptomeningeal enhancement is rare in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Case presentation We report a 17-year-old boy who presented with a 2-week history of mild fever and progressive encephalopathy with behavioral and psychological abnormalities. Finally, a diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was made. Initial magnetic resonance imaging results revealed diffuse contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges without parenchymal lesions. After treatment with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, the enhancement showed substantially decrease at the 3-week follow-up. Conclusions This case is unusual because isolated leptomeningeal enhancement is rare in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The present case suggests that isolated diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement could be one of the imaging findings in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging findings of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1878172
Author(s):  
Florian Reinhardt ◽  
Britta Mathys ◽  
Petra Reinecke ◽  
Hans Neubauer ◽  
Tanja Fehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of

Ductal carcinoma in situ in men is incredibly rare and detection by conventional mammography and ultrasound is often challenging. We report an unusual case of a 50-year-old male, with no family history of breast cancer, who presented with an 8-year history of left-sided breast pain and recurrent bloody nipple discharge without any significant suspicious imaging features in mammography and targeted high-resolution ultrasound. Breast magnetic resonance imaging was performed as an adjunct modality. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed a suspicious retroareolar non-mass abnormality of segmental, linear and dendritic pattern, which was highly suspicious for a ductal carcinoma in situ. Stereotactic guided biopsy and subsequent mastectomy were consistent with pure high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the left breast. Overall, this case highlights the challenges in diagnosing ductal carcinoma in situ in men and demonstrates the importance for further investigating clinical suspicions of the male breast.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging findings of disc-related epidural cysts in nonsurgical and postoperative microdiscectomy patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Novelino Simão ◽  
Clyde A. Helms ◽  
William J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spine Surgeon ◽  
Epidural Cyst

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate five discal cysts with detailed magnetic resonance imaging findings in nonsurgical and following postoperative microdiscectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five discal cysts in four patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging were found through a search in our database and referral from a single orthopedic spine surgeon. Computed tomography in two cases and computed tomography discography in one case were also performed. RESULTS: Five discal cysts were present in four patients. Three patients had no history of previous lumbar surgery and the other patient presented with two discal cysts and recurrent symptoms after partial laminectomy and microdiscectomy. All were oval shaped and seated in the anterior epidural space. Four were ventrolateral, and the other one was centrally positioned in the anterior spinal canal. One showed continuity with the central disc following discography. Three were surgically removed. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging can easily depict an epidural cyst and the diagnosis of a discal cyst should be raised when an homogeneous ventrolateral epidural cyst contiguous to a mild degenerated disc is identified.

scholarly journals A Case of Actinomycosis in the Rosenmüller’s Fossa

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132097485
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kusaka ◽  
Shigeru Kuwashima ◽  
Harukazu Hiraumi ◽  
Hiroaki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Actinomycosis is an infrequent infectious disease caused by Actinomyces species. Actinomycoses in the nasopharynx are extremely rare, especially in the Rosenmüller’s fossa. This report presents a case of actinomycosis in the Rosenmüller’s fossa. A 75-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of bloody sputum. A grayish-white caseous tissue was found in the right Rosenmüller’s fossa after retracting the torus tubarius. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined lesion with low-signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images; small low-signal areas were interspersed inside. The lesion was removed under an endoscope. Histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic, club-shaped structures surrounding a hematoxylophilic center, leading to the diagnosis of actinomycosis. The symptoms improved after 3 months of amoxicillin administration but recurred quickly. After 6 months of amoxicillin administration, the bloody sputum disappeared, and local and imaging findings were normal.

scholarly journals Coccydynia relieved by a tarsal tunnel block: a case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjid Hammodi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background This case series describes, for the first time, to the author’s knowledge, a novel treatment for coccydynia. Tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine only brought relief of chronic coccydynia lasting more than 6 months in three patients. The author adopts the theory that the myelin sheath of the posterior tibial nerve will convey the lipid-soluble lignocaine upward toward the dorsal root ganglia and the nerve roots of the lumbar spine through the uninterrupted myelin sheath, which is itself mainly formed of lipids. The author thinks that most coccyx pain is actually a radiating pain from the lumbar spine, which is not always apparent on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Certainly, the author acknowledges that large-scale studies need to be done to prove the efficacy of this new technique and to prove that the myelin sheath can convey the lignocaine chemical upward. Case presentation Three Arab patients presented with chronic coccydynia of more than 6 months’ duration in whom conservative management had failed to control their symptoms. They had no past medical history of significance and no history of trauma. The results of physical examination of all of the patients were normal apart from tenderness on palpation of the coccyx. They all received local coccyx injection with steroids on two occasions, which failed to relieve their pain. One patient underwent manipulation under anesthesia, and one underwent coccygectomy with no pain relief. Magnetic resonance imaging results were reported to be normal in two of them, whereas the other one had a prolapsed disc at the L4/L5 level. The three patients described pain relief 30 minutes after tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine only lasting more than 6 months. All patients had heel anesthesia 15 minutes after the tarsal tunnel injection, which lasted only 1 hour. Conclusions Tarsal tunnel block with lignocaine can relieve coccyx pain for a long time. Tarsal tunnel block can be done to achieve heel anesthesia before injection of lignocaine into the plantar fascia in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Lesions Found by Chance

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Dean M. Wingerchuk
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
History Of

A healthy 26-year-old woman with a history of episodic migraine without aura since age 12 years had a first-ever event of transient visual impairment. She reported to her neurologist that she “lost vision” for 15 minutes and described a “black blob” with a bright jagged border that moved across her binocular visual field and resolved without sequelae. Minutes later, one of her typical migraine headaches developed. Given the patient’s history of typical episodic migraine, the new visual event’s clinical characteristics were highly consistent with a migraine aura. Because of the new transient visual symptoms, the neurologist ordered brain magnetic resonance imaging, which showed several periventricular white matter lesions, including some that involved the corpus callosum and were oriented perpendicular to the septocallosal surface. The patient was counseled about the magnetic resonance imaging findings and expressed the desire to fully evaluate her risk of multiple sclerosis. The patient was diagnosed with radiologically isolated syndrome. The patient was counseled regarding the relevance of the magnetic resonance imaging findings and risk of future development of multiple sclerosis. She was not prescribed a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis. This patient has radiologically isolated syndrome —incidentally found magnetic resonance imaging lesions consistent with demyelination in a patient with no symptoms or signs suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

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