Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals
Abstract Background: Insulin is an effective drug for blood sugar controls. Nonetheless, it is very sensitive and destroyed with many external factors if not properly handled. Diabetic patients could be benefited if adhered and properly implemented insulin delivery recommendations. Lack of knowledge, skill, and irrational practices on appropriate insulin delivery techniques can result in therapeutic failure and increases costs of therapy. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection technique of patients. Methods: Interview based cross-sectional study was conducted in conveniently selected participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March 1, 2019 to May30, 2019. Knowledge levels were assessed with dichotomous outcomes and practice was measured by administering a 4-point Likert scale structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Finally, a five-point item observational (demonstration) techniques checklist assessed patients’ skills. Results: Of the total 166 participants, 54.8% were males and the mean age was 38.46±13.8 years. The overall patients’ median knowledge and practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques were moderately adequate (64.3%) and fair (55.4%) respectively. In patients’ skill assessments, 94.6% showed injection sites, 70% indicated injection site rotations, and 60.75% practiced injection sites rotations. Education X2(3) =18.89, p<0.001; years of insulin therapy X2(3) =11.71, p=0.008; and years of disease X2(3) =10.67, p=0.014 had a significant effect on patients’ knowledge level. Education X2(3) =25.86, p<0.001; occupation X2(4) =23.24, p<0.001; and years of disease X2(3) =15.85, p=0.001; years of disease X2(3) =8.55, p=0.036 and patients knowledge levels X2(2) =19.26, p<0.001 were found to have a significant effect on the patients’ practice level. A Mann-Whitney U test also disclosed that residency; ways to get insulin and mocked injection technique during first training had significant effects on patients’ knowledge levels. Conclusion: The current study revealed that patients’ had a moderately adequate knowledge and fair practices levels on insulin storage and handling techniques. In addition, patients demonstrated poorly the administration skills, which were critical steps. The engagements of healthcare professionals and stakeholders in developments of instructions and guidelines are as important as educating and changing the poor knowledge and administration techniques of patients.