Injection practices among the diabetes patients on insulin therapy in Chitradurga

Background: Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a global health problem. Insulin is the essential treatment modality for significant number of diabetic patients. Nearly 4 out of 10 patients with T2DM in India are using insulin, either alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs (OADs). The present study was conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge and insulin injection practices, risk factors of sharps injury among diabetic patients who are on insulin treatment.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted at a Basaveshwara hospital, Chitradurga, among diabetic patients on insulin treatment for minimum of past 6 months. Insulin injection technique questionnaire (ITQ) was administered to study participants and proforma was filled by interview technique.Results: 100 patients participated in the study. Syringe and needle device and 6 mm needle are most commonly used devices. 5-10 seconds was the most common duration of time (54%) for which the patients continued to keep the needle inserted in injection site after insulin injection. A 26% patients had lip hypertrophy at injection sites. Among households of the insulin users, a high percentage of children (41%) and house keeper/waste collectors (32%) were at risk of sharps injury. A majority of 55% of the insulin users reported that they didn’t have appropriate disposal containers for the used sharps.Conclusions: A 29% of participants did not practice proper rotation of injection site. Reuse of insulin needles was common practice. Pain/tenderness, lipo-hypertrophy and leakage of insulin after injection were noted at injection site. 10 seconds dwell time was reportedly practiced by only 23%, about half of patients skipped insulin injections and didn’t follow appropriate disposal of used sharps, thereby exposing both family members and waste collectors/handlers to higher risks of sharps injuries.

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Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

10.21203/rs.2.18658/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adeladlew Kassie Netere ◽

Eyayaw Ashete ◽

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽

Sewunet Admasu Belachew

Keyword(s):

Insulin Therapy ◽

Injection Site ◽

Insulin Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Knowledge Levels ◽

Insulin Storage

Abstract Background: Insulin is an effective therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes but it is also sensitive to external environment. Consequently, diabetic patients’ adherence to insulin delivery recommendations is critical to its effectiveness. Lack of knowledge, skill, and irrational practices on appropriate insulin delivery techniques can result in therapeutic failure and increased costs of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, skills, and practices of insulin storage and injection technique of patients. Methods : An interview-based cross-sectional study was conducted in conveniently selected participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March 1 to May 30, 2019. Knowledge levels were assessed with right or wrong responses and practice was measured by administering a 4-point Likert scale structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Finally, a five-point observational (demonstration) techniques checklist assessed patients’ skills. Results: Among 194 patients approached, 166 participants completed the survey with a response rate of 85.6 %. From these participants, 54.8% were males and the mean age was 38.46±13.8 years . The overall patients’ median knowledge and practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques were moderately adequate (64.3%) and fair (55.4%), respectively. In patients’ skill assessments, 94.6% showed injection sites, 70% indicated injection site rotations, and 60.75% practiced injection site rotations. Education (p<0.001), duration of insulin therapy (p=0.008) and duration of diabetes (p=0.014) had a significant effect on patients’ knowledge level. Education (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), duration of insulin therapy (p=0.001), duration of diabetes (p=0.036) and patients’ knowledge levels (p<0.001) were found to have a significant effects on the patients’ practice level. A Mann-Whitney U test also disclosed that residency, ways to get insulin and mocked injection technique during first training had significant effects on patients’ knowledge levels. Conclusion: The current study revealed that patients had moderately adequate knowledge and fair practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques. Moreover, patients missed important insulin administration skills. Healthcare professionals and stakeholders can play important roles in educating patients thereby improving the knowledge, practice, and administration techniques of patients.

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INSULIN TREATED PATIENTS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.05.1586 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (05) ◽

pp. 576-582

Author(s):

Rizwana Kitchlew ◽

Inayat Thaver ◽

Shehryar Pervez ◽

Ikram ul Haq

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Injection Site ◽

Age Groups ◽

Insulin Delivery ◽

Insulin Injection ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Insulin Use

Objective: To determine the trends in insulin injection technique and associatedcomplications in the local diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Department of Medicine at FatimaMemorial College & Hospital Lahore from 25th May 2015 to 25th October 2015. Patientsand Method: Three hundred patients above 18 years of age who presented in outdoor andindoor department of the hospital, gave consent were enrolled. The data was collected throughinterview and relevant physical examination; data was analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 version.Results: 300 diabetics were enrolled; 108 (36%) male and 192 (64%) female. Mean age inmales was 52.8±13.7 and in females was 52.2±11.8. Duration of insulin use was less than5 years in 175 (58%) and 5 years or more in 125 (42%). Insulin syringe of 8 mm gauge wasbeing used by 263 (87%). Abdomen was the injection site in 202 (67%); however, 279 (93%)rotated the injection site. The angle of injection was kept at 90 degrees by 254 (85%). Theneedle was reused for five or more times by 187 (52%) and 216 (72%) were self-injecting. Localcomplications were seen in 105 (35%); out of those pain was most commonly (35 %) reported.Among age groups significant association (p<0.05) was seen in site of insulin delivery, in agemore than 60 years more injected in abdomen. In gender groups more males (83%) wereself-injecting. Significant association (p<0.05) was seen in duration of insulin use and localcomplications. Majority, 126(72%) of those who were on insulin for less than 5 years did nothave complications. Conclusion: Majority of our patients had adopted reasonable techniquehowever repeated reinforcement can further improve appropriate insulin delivery, less wastageof insulin and better glycemic control with less chance of complications.

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Practice of insulin injection techniques among persons with diabetes in central India: an observational survey

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20211434 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Animesh Choudhary ◽

Jitendra Chouhan ◽

Sanjeev Gulati ◽

Jogesh Kumar Vishandasani

Keyword(s):

Injection Site ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Central India ◽

Insulin Injection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Insulin Administration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Injection Techniques ◽

Tertiary Care Centers

Background: Correct injection technique used by the patient can determine the outcomes with insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however most patients on insulin remain unaware of the proper insulin injection techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the current practice of insulin administration among diabetes patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 tertiary care centers delivering specialized diabetes care in central India from November 2019 to February 2020. The study included patients (n=150) using insulin for at least three months by either syringe or pen. All of them answered a survey questionnaire which focused on key insulin injection parameters.Results: Abdomen was the most common (53.33%) site of insulin injection. About 95.33% of subjects were following the injection site rotation instructions. The practice of hand washing, and cleaning of the injection site was practiced by 120 (80%) and 112 (74.66%) respondents respectively. Needle reuse was a common practice, and 146 (97.33%) subjects were using the same needle more than once. Around 73.33% were storing insulin at proper temperature, while 54.66 % reported having pain at the injection site and 14.66% had noticed persistent swelling at their injection sites. Conclusions: There is a signiﬁcant gap between the insulin administration guidelines and current insulin injection practice. Education and counseling about proper insulin injection techniques should be provided to all persons with diabetes to ensure optimal usage of the drug to achieve the desired glycemic control.

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Knowledge of Diabetic patients about Insulin injection technique.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.3314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2122-2127

Author(s):

Muhammad Sajid Mehmood ◽

Muhammad Wajad Munir ◽

Wajahat Sultan Baig ◽

Abida Mateen Ansari ◽

Shazia Saddiq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Therapy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Insulin Injection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Adequate Knowledge

Diabetes mellitus is leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most of them are due to its macro and microvascular complication. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of insulin injection technique in adult diabetic patients between age of 20 to 50 years on insulin therapy for ≥02 years. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: From March to August, 2016. Subjects: All diabetic patients between age 20 to 50 years and on insulin therapy for >02 years were enrolled in the current study. Material & Methods: A total of 260 diabetic patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, visiting the emergency or medical OPD, who gave informed consent were enrolled. The patient′s knowledge was categorized as "Adequate" or "Inadequate" on the basis of his/her score. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean (±SD) age of all patients was 36.8 (± 8.5) years. Out of 260 patients, 150 (57.3%) patients were female and 138 (53.1%) lived in urban areas. Majority of patients, 141 (54.2%) received knowledge regarding insulin injection technique from doctors and 98(37.7%) received knowledge from family member or friend. Out of 260, 64 (24.6%) patients had adequate knowledge, while 196 (75.4%) patients had inadequate knowledge score. Conclusions: One quarter of the patients has adequate knowledge about insulin injection techniques. Based on our findings there is a need to conduct awareness campaigns at the community level to impart useful knowledge about diabetes and its various aspects like insulin injections techniques.

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SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING IN A DIABETIC CLINIC IN A TERTIARY MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, WEST BENGAL

10.36106/9100420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Smarajit Banik ◽

Sandip Saha ◽

Sudipan Mitra ◽

Ujjwal Pattanayak ◽

Rajib Sikder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Diabetes Clinic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Participants

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. With a rise in non communicable diseases in India, diabetes has become a modern epidemic showing a rising trend in West Bengal also. A large number of diabetes patients come to the diabetes clinic of our tertiary care hospital in North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal. The large proportion of patients presenting with this condition prompted us to study the Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Prole of such patients. Methods: This was a descriptive hospital based cross sectional study involving a total of 344 diabetic patients enrolled in the diabetes clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital from December 2019 to February 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed in Microsoft excel sheet and using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Among the 344 study participants, we found that 220 (63.95%) were males and 124 (36.05%) were females. Diabetes was more common among those aged 51-60 years 108 (31.40%). Family history was present among 188 (54.65%) of the diabetic patients. Almost 160 (46.51%) patients have diabetes 1.1 – 5 years. Hypertension was present among 216 (62.79%) patients. Almost 218 (63.37%) of the patients were overweight and 84 (24.42%) were obese. Conclusions: The diabetic patients presenting to this tertiary care hospital belong lower socioeconomic strata and having limited education in their age group. There is high proportion of obesity and hypertension among them.

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Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

10.21203/rs.2.18658/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adeladlew Kassie Netere ◽

Eyayaw Ashete ◽

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽

Sewunet Admasu Belachew

Keyword(s):

Insulin Therapy ◽

Educational Status ◽

Insulin Injection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Insulin Storage ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders and resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin therapy is primarily required to attain the recommended goal of blood sugar. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection technique of patients. Methods : An interview based cross-sectional study was conducted in conveniently selected participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March, 1, 2019 to May, 30, 2019. Knowledge and practice were measured by administering structured questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1–5 through face-to-face interviews and skills were assessed by five observational (demonstration) techniques from a total of 166 clients. Results: Of the total 166 participants, 54.8% were males and the mean age was 38.46±13.8 years . The overall knowledge (65.4%.) and practice (53.89%) rate on insulin storage and handling techniques were showed moderate knowledge and fair practices. About 94.6% of participants correctly shown insulin injection sites. One-way ANOVA showed that the level of education [F (3, 162) = 7.283, p<0.001], ways of instruction of insulin injection [F (2, 163) =3.32, p = 0.039], insulin therapy duration [F (3,162) = 3.59, p= 0.015] and assessing insulin storage [F (2,163) = 4.45, p = 0.013] had a significant effect on level of knowledge. Similarly, knowledge level [F (2,163) = 14.17, p < 0.001], educational status [F (3,162) = 10.57, p <0.001], occupation type [F (4,161) = 5.43, p <0.001], time since insulin therapy [F (3, 162) = 5.46, p = 0.001] and diagnosis [F (3,162) = 3.36, p= 0.02] had a significant effect on patients’ insulin storage and administration practices. Conclusion: Patient had marginal knowledge and practices on insulin storage and administration techniques. The patients’ skills on the important and critical steps of administrations are poor. The engagements of healthcare professionals and stakeholders should be in developments of instructions and guidelines are very crucial in addition to focusing on educating and changing their wrong perceptions, believes and attitudes towards storage and administering techniques.

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Knowledge among Offspring of Type II Diabetic Patients Regarding their Risk of Developing Diabetes and Practices of Preventive Lifestyle

10.53350/pjmhs211582190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2190-2193

Author(s):

Husnain Maawya ◽

Raja Bilal Zafar ◽

Muhammad Naeem ◽

Amir Razi ◽

Muddassir Barkat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Preventative Interventions ◽

Study Participants ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes

Aims: To assess the knowledge of off-springs of diabetic patients regarding, perceived risk of developing type II diabetes &possibilities of its prevention and behaviour of study participants to adopt healthy lifestyle for the prevention of diabetes was also explored. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore and Mayo Hospital Lahore from 1st February 2020 to 31st July 2020. Methodology:Two hundred and fifty individuals were enrolled. A face to face interview of all study participants was conducted and a questionnaire was filled. Results: There were 103(41.2%) had good knowledge regarding various aspects of diabetes, 120(48.0%) and 139(55.6%) had a good understanding of diabetes risk factors and prevention, respectively. It was shown that 74 (29.6%), had a high risk of getting diabetes in the future and only 112 (44.8%) of the individuals had strong diabetes preventive practices. A high score of preventive lifestyle was significantly associated with good level of knowledge of participants regarding diabetes (p=0.0165) and also with patients having great concern about their risk of getting diabetes in future (p=0.0052). Conclusions: People who have one or both parents with type 2 diabetes are typically aware that they have a higher chance of developing diabetes themselves. They, on the other hand, frequently underestimate the danger and have limited knowledge of potentially effective preventative interventions. If they are to decrease their risk of diabetes and its consequences, they need correct knowledge on it. Keywords: Offsprings of diabetics, Prevention of diabetes, Knowledge about diabetes

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Factors That Affect Symptoms of Injection Site Infection among Japanese Patients Who Self-Inject Insulin for Diabetes

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 402

Author(s):

Yuko Yoshida ◽

Masuko Sumikawa ◽

Hiroyuki Sugimori ◽

Rika Yano

Keyword(s):

Injection Site ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Insulin Injection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Site Infection ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Future Studies ◽

Skin Disinfection ◽

Structured Questionnaire

In Japan, skin disinfection is typically considered necessary before an insulin injection to prevent infection at the injection site. This cross-sectional study evaluated factors that influenced symptoms of injection site infection among 238 Japanese patients who self-injected insulin for diabetes between October 2015 and January 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding skin disinfection practices, infection symptoms at the injection site, frequency of injections, environment at the time of injection, and hygiene habits. The majority of patients (83.2%) performed skin disinfection before the self-injection. Logistic regression analysis revealed that infection at the injection site was positively associated with skin disinfection before injection, age, and performing injections outside home. It was speculated that omitting skin disinfection before administering subcutaneous insulin injection was not the factor that affected the symptoms of injection site infection. The greatest contributor to infection symptoms was injections performed outside the home. Future studies focusing on the environment, in which patients administer insulin injections, to assess its influence on symptoms of injection site infections are warranted.

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Self-reported, self-care activities among type 2 diabetic patients in rural areas of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 484

Author(s):

N. Kalusivalingam ◽

Prateek Bobhate ◽

A. Kalaivani ◽

R. Karnaboopathy

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition. The burden of diabetes is, expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Diabetes self-care activities can have a dramatic impact on lowering glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Hence, this study has been planned to assess the self-care activities among the type 2 diabetes patients in rural areas of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients residing in rural field practice area of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram district during May 2019 and June 2019. Personal interview using semi-structured questionnaire including summary of diabetes self-care activities- revised version was conducted.Results: Majority of the study participants were female and 46.2% were above 51 years of age. Majority had diabetes mellitus for 1-5 years. Of the diabetic self-care activities 68.5% had healthy eating 2-4 times/week. About 33.2% of the participants were not indulged in physical activity as well as high-intensity exercises even for a single day; about 33% had not tested their blood sugar level for even a single time and only 1.5% had checked their feet on all days during the previous week. Higher food scores were found significantly associated with availability of family support for self-care activities (p value 0.020).Conclusions: Of the diabetic self-care activities the healthy dietary component was followed satisfactorily but exercise, foot care and testing of blood sugar were followed poorly by the study participants.

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Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

10.21203/rs.2.18658/v6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adeladlew Kassie Netere ◽

Eyayaw Ashete ◽

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽

Sewunet Admasu Belachew

Keyword(s):

Insulin Therapy ◽

Injection Site ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Insulin Delivery ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Insulin Storage

Abstract Background: Insulin is an effective therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes, but also sensitive to the external environment. Consequently, diabetic patients’ adherence to insulin delivery recommendations is critical for better effectiveness. Patients’ lack of knowledge, skill and irrational practices towards appropriate insulin delivery techniques may end up in therapeutic failure and increase costs of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection techniques. Methods : An interview-based cross-sectional study was conducted through purposive selection of participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March 1 to May 30, 2019. Levels of knowledge were assessed with right or wrong responses, while practice was measured by using a 4-point Likert scale structured questionnaire collected via face-to-face interviews. Likewise, a five-point observational (demonstration) techniques checklist employed to assess patients’ skills. Results: Among 194 patients approached, 166 participants completed the survey giving a response rate of 85.6 %. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) were males and the mean age (±SD) was 38.5±13.8 years. The overall patients’ median knowledge and practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques were moderately adequate (64.3%) and fair (55.4%), respectively. In patients’ skill assessments, 94.6% correctly showed injection sites, 70% indicated injection site rotations, and 60.75% practiced injection site rotations. Education (P<0.001 ), duration of insulin therapy (P=0.008), and duration of diabetes (P=0.014) had significant impact on knowledge level. Education (P <0.001), occupation (P<0.001), duration of insulin therapy (P=0.001), duration of diabetes (P =0.036) and patients’ knowledge level (P<0.001) were found to have a significant effects on the patients’ practice levels. A Mann-Whitney U test also disclosed that residency, ways to get insulin and mocked injection technique during the first training had significant effects on patients’ knowledge levels. Conclusion: The current study revealed that patients had moderately adequate knowledge and fair practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques. However, patients missed important insulin administration skills. This study highlights the need of regular public health education so as to enhance the patients’ knowledge, skill and practice levels on insulin handling techniques.

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