scholarly journals High particulate matter burden by cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are there country-specific differences?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Braun ◽  
Rawya Al-Qaysi ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
Nicole Zulauf ◽  
Ruth Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract BackgroundAlthough the big tobacco companies offer the same cigarette brands across countries, little is known about regional differences of particulate matter (PM) emissions of apparently equal brands. PM emissions of three cigarette brands (Marlboro, Winston, Parliament) from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Germany were analysed. Second-hand smoke was produced in a 2.88m³ measuring cabin by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter. PM size fractions PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were detected in real time using laser aerosol spectrometry. ResultsDepending on the PM fraction Marlboro and Winston cigarettes from UAE showed 28-35% higher PM amounts than the German counterparts. The “lighter” Parliament from UAE emitted 3-9% more PM than the German one. The measured PM2.5 values laid between 777 µg/m³ and 1161 µg/m³. ConclusionPM emission of equal or similar tobacco products from different countries can differ distinctly. Hence, the declaration of PM emission values, beside nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide amounts, should be obligate worldwide. Furthermore, complete information about ingredients and production design of tobacco products should be provided to health officials and public. This can help to minimise or ban substances or production designs that make smoking even more harmful, and to enhance the awareness to risks of smoking.

scholarly journals High Particulate Matter Burden of Cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are There Country-Specific Differences?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Markus Braun ◽  
Rawya Al-Qaysi ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
Ruth Müller ◽  
David A. Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Country Specific

Although the big tobacco companies offer the same cigarette brands across countries, little is known about the potential regional differences of the particulate matter (PM) emissions of apparently equal brands. PM emissions of three cigarette brands (Marlboro Gold, Winston Red resp. Classic, Parliament Platinum resp. Night Blue) from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Germany were analysed. Second-hand smoke was produced in a 2.88 m3 measuring cabin by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter. PM size fractions PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were detected in real-time using laser aerosol spectrometry. Depending on the PM fraction Marlboro cigarettes from UAE showed 33%–35% higher PM amounts. Moreover, Winston cigarettes from UAE showed distinctly higher PM values (28–31%) than the German counterparts. The “lighter” Parliament from UAE emitted 3%–9% more PM than the German one. The measured mean PM10 values laid between 778 and 1163 µg/m3 (mean PM2.5: 777–1161 µg/m3; mean PM1: 724–1074 µg/m3). That means smoking in enclosed rooms causes massive PM burden. The PM emission of equal or similar tobacco products from different countries can differ distinctly. Hence, the declaration of PM emission values, besides nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide amounts, should be obligatory worldwide. Furthermore, complete information about the ingredients and production processes of tobacco products should be provided to health officials and the public. This can help to minimise or ban substances or product designs that make smoking even more harmful, and to enhance the awareness of the risks of smoking.

scholarly journals Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Braun ◽  
Friedemann Koger ◽  
Doris Klingelhöfer ◽  
Ruth Müller ◽  
David Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Enclosed Space

The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) in second-hand smoke (SHS) is hazardous to health of smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco strength (amount of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide) and different additives might have an effect on the amount of PM. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tobacco strength or additives on PM. Four cigarette types of the brand Marlboro with different strengths and with or without additives were analyzed in comparison to the 3R4F reference cigarette. SHS was generated by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (AETSE) in an enclosed space with a volume of 2.88 m³. PM concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) were measured with a laser aerosol spectrometer followed by statistical analysis. The two strongest Marlboro brands (Red and Red without additives) showed the highest PM concentrations of all tested cigarettes. The measured mean concentrations Cmean of PM10 increased up to 1458 µg/m³ for the Marlboro Red without additives (PM2.5: 1452 µg/m³, PM1: 1263 µg/m³). The similarly strong Marlboro Red showed very similar PM values. The second strongest type Marlboro Gold showed 36% (PM10, PM2.5) and 32% (PM1) lower values, respectively. The “lightest” type Marlboro Silver Blue showed 54% (PM10, PM2.5) or 50% (PM1) lower PM values. The results indicate that the lower the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide amounts, as well as the longer the cigarette filter, the lower are the PM levels. An influence of additives could not be determined.

scholarly journals Prenatal and early life exposure to particulate matter, environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in Mexican children

2021 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 110365
Author(s):  
Nadya Y. Rivera Rivera ◽  
Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽  
Adriana Mercado García ◽  
Allan C. Just ◽  
Itai Kloog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Early Life Exposure

scholarly journals Health Risk of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Raja ◽  
Bahar Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Home Area

Environmental tobacco smoke is a preventable cause of significant morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoke is an essential community and public health objective. This report documents the substantial evidence characterizing the health risks caused by exposure to passive smoking. Multiple major reviews of evidence have concluded that environmental tobacco smoke is a known human carcinogen and that exposure to passive smoke causes adverse effects like SIDS, congenital birth defects, lead poisoning, and lung cancer. Regrettably, reductions in exposure have been slower among small children than among adults, as growing workplace restriction protects the majority of adults while the homes remain the most important source of exposure for children. The relationship between passive smoking exposure and potential health hazards to all ages of population were researched. We analyzed and systematically reviewed information from multiple literature sources. We found that everyone from the fetus to the elderly is significantly affected by passive smoking. Like firsthand smoking, secondhand smoking is also hazardous. Health education and regulations regarding secondhand smoking in both the office and home area can improve public health. This paper indicates a critical need for second hand smoke reduction interventions especially among vulnerable populations.

Effect of Allergens and Tobacco Smoke on Laryngeal Mucosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P96-P96
Author(s):  
Peter C Belafsky ◽  
Debbie A. Mouadeb ◽  
Kent Pinkerton ◽  
Martin A Birchall ◽  
Thomas Konia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
House Dust Mite Allergen ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
Chronic Laryngitis ◽  
Dust Mite Allergen

Problem Environmental factors such as second hand smoke and allergens are known to play an important part in the development of lower airway disease, specifically asthma. The effect of these common exposures on the larynx has been neglected. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and allergens on laryngeal mucosa. Methods Seventeen guinea pigs were exposed by inhalation to: 1) air and saline, 2) air and house dust mite allergen (HDMA), 3) ETS and saline 4) HDMA and ETS. Exposures began at 3 weeks of age and lasted 10 weeks. Histology was evaluated in different subsets of the larynx for eosinophils and mucin, markers of inflammation. Results Eosinophils in the supraglottis were elevated in the air/HDMA and ETS/HDMA groups (p<0.05). Animals exposed to HDMA were 4 times more likely to have > 10 eosinophils per HPF in the supraglottis than control animals (95% CI = 0.74, 20). Trends towards mucin hypersecretion in the subglottis of the ETS/air and ETS/HDMA groups were noted. Animals exposed to ETS and HDMA were 3.8 times more likely to have 25% of the subglottic epithelium stain PAS positive for mucin (95% CI = .59, 23.66). Conclusion The data suggest that environmental tobacco smoke and inhaled allergens contribute to the pathogenesis of laryngeal inflammation. Significance Environmental tobacco smoke and allergen exposure may play a role in the development of chronic laryngitis.

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