scholarly journals Surveillance of the efficacy of artemisinin-piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum among children under five years in Est Mono district, Togo, 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Chenguang Lu ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
Weisheng Yu ◽  
Guoming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fever Clearance Time

Abstract Background Malaria is a major public health problem in Togo. Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine of China, and the Ministry of Health and Social Security of Togo launched a nationwide artemisinin compound Mass Drug Administration Project in East Mono with a population of 150,000. Before launching the project, the sensitivity test of artemisinin piperaquine tablet was conducted in Elawagnon general clinic. On this background, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of artemisinin piperaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children under five years of age. Methods In this study, children aged 6-59 months without complications of falciparum malaria were observed, and the selected cases were treated with artemisinin piperaquine. The patients were followed up for 28 days to observe the fever clearance time, parasitemia, gametophyte, cure rate, haemoglobin and msp-2 gene polymorphism. The primary end point was the 28-day cure rate, and PCR corrected reinfection and recrudescence. This research was conducted according to standardized WHO protocol for the assessment of the efficacy of anti-malarial treatment. Results A total of 91 children participated in the study. The adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) before PCR-corrected were 66 (72.52%) and 90 (98.90%) after PCR-corrected. The patient was well tolerated to artemisinin piperaquine and no serious adverse reactions were observed. The average hemoglobin level increased by 0.05g/dl per day (p< 0.0001). The gametophyte doesn’t declined at the beginning of treatment, however, 14 days later, it dropped(D21:p<0. 05; D28: p< 0. 01). In the msp-2 gene polymorphism study of 24 children with positive parasite after treatment, 1 case of msp-2 with 3D7 haplotype and FC27 haplotype was reported, indicating that it’s recrudescence, with a frequency of 4.2% (1/24); The others maybe reinfection, with a frequency of 95.8% (23/24). Conclusion Artemisinin piperaquine was effective in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children under 5 years of age in Togo and well tolerated. Plasmodium falciparum in Togo remains sensitive to artemisinin piperaquine, which could be used as a trial drug in the region. Trial Registration Trial registration: ECGPHCM No. B2017-054-01; MHSST AVIS N° 0001/2016/CBRS du 07 janvier 2016. Registered 17 March 2014, http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/eap/main

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine versus artemether and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Femmy Tambajong ◽  
Tonny H Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Single Blind

Background Large amount of data show that chloroquine andpyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS) as standard drugs for falciparummalaria cause resistance; for that reason new drugs or combina-tion drugs are urgently needed. Artemether is one of the newdrugs. It has been studied extensively in China and SoutheastAsia during the past 10 years. The effectiveness of this drug inclearing parasites has been thoroughly documented.Objective The objective of this study was to investigate theefficacy of the combination of chloroquine and PS compared toartemether and PS in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparummalaria.Methods We did a single-blind randomized study on 60 childrenwith uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Thirty children weretreated with chloroquine (10 mg/kg for 2 days, then 5 mg/kg inthe 3 rd day) and PS (pyrimethamine 1-1.5 mg/kg single dose onthe 1 st day) and the other 30 children were treated with artemether(4 mg/kg/day for 3 days) and PS. All patients were admitted tohospital for at least 7 days.Results Fever clearance time was significantly shorter in the groupthat received artemether and PS compared to that in the chloro-quine-and-PS group (42 hours vs. 75 hours 50 minutes, p<0.0001).Parasite clearance time was significantly different between thegroup that received artemether and PS and the chloroquine-and-PS group (2.5 days vs. 3.1 days, p=0.04). The cure rate in thechloroquine-and-PS group was 28/30 and that of the artemether-and-PS group was 30/30. Nausea and vomiting were found in 1patient treated with chloroquine and PS.Conclusion The combined treatment of artemether and PS waswell tolerated. No adverse reactions attributable to the treatmentwere noted

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Northern Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Kinfu ◽  
Solomon Gebre-Selassie ◽  
Nigus Fikrie
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Introduction. Multidrug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is spreading throughout Africa. This has posed major challenges to malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in North Ethiopia. Methods. This prospective study was undertaken during August–November 2009 on 71 malaria patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria set by the WHO. Patients were followed up for 28 days. Thick and thin blood films were prepared by Giemsa stain for microscopy to determine parasite density. A standard six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine was administered over three days and was followed up with clinical and parasitological evaluations over 28 days. Results. The cure rate (ACPR) was found to be high (97.2%) in this study. The parasite and fever clearance time was also rapid. Artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study area showed 97.2% cure rate and only 2.8% failure rate. Conclusion. The result showed that the drug could continue as first line for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study area. The efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine needs to be carefully monitored periodically in sentinel sites representing different areas of the country.

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