scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Emergency Nurses’ turnover is defined as resignation of a licensed nurse from emergency department or hospital due to various factors. Actual Turnover is expected to increase as the intention increases. Turnover from Emergency Department can be nurses’ preference of working in other departments within the same hospital or totally to leave the hospital. Emergency Department nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue in which work environment has a great role.Objective To assess the factors that affect turnover intention among nurses working in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to march 31, 2018, using structured pre tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had intention to leave the hospital. Significant predictors of nurses’ intention to leave their jobs are educational status (adjusted Odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033, 590.772; p <0.048), monthly income of Less than 3145 ETB (adjusted OR=6.049, 95% CI=1.056,34.641; p <0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040, 0.908; p <0.037).Conclusion and recommendation more than 75% of the respondents has intention to leave the organization. Educational status; monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses‟ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses decision making for patient care activities and shared decision over work or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to high turnover because of their increased risk of developing burnout and compassion fatigue associated with the work environment. This study is aimes to assess nurses’ intention to leave emergency departments and associated factors at selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The logistic regression model was used and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their institutions are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: More than 77% of the respondents have the intention to leave their current working place of the emergency unit. Educational status, monthly income, and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave his or her current job within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover which is expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department(ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue in which the work environment has a great role. Objective : To assess the magnitude and associated factors that affect turnover intention among nurses working in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors. Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their jobs are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p <0.048), monthly income of Less than 3145 ETB (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p <0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p <0.037). Conclusion: more than 75% of the respondents has intention to leave their current working place of emergency unit. Educational status; monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses‟ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue with the work environment has a great role. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ intention to leave their current health institution and associated factors in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their institutions are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: More than 77% of the respondents has intention to leave their current working place of emergency unit. Educational status, monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue with the work environment has a great role. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ intention to leave their current health institution and associated factors in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their jobs are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of Less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: more than 77% of the respondents has intention to leave their current working place of emergency unit. Educational status; monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie Aniley ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to high turnover because of their increased risk of developing burnout and compassion fatigue associated with the work environment. This study is aimed to assess nurses’ intention to leave emergency departments and associated factors at selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The logistic regression model was used and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their institutions are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: More than 77% of the respondents have the intention to leave their current working place of the emergency unit. Educational status, monthly income, and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Magnitude of turnover intention and associated factors among nurses working in emergency departments of governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institutional based study

BMC Nursing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andualem Wubetie ◽  
Biniyam Taye ◽  
Biruk Girma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to high turnover because of their increased risk of developing burnout and compassion fatigue associated with the work environment. This study is aimed to assess nurses’ intention to leave emergency departments and associated factors at selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The logistic regression model was used and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors. Result A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses’ intention to leave their institutions are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.033–50.772; p < 0.048), monthly income of less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR = 6.05, 95% CI = 1.056–34.641; p < 0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR = 0.191, 95% CI = 0.040–0.908; p < 0.037). Conclusion More than 77% of the respondents have the intention to leave their current working place of the emergency unit. Educational status, monthly income, and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses’ decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.

scholarly journals Attitude towards diabetes mellitus among adult communities in Gondar city, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251777
Author(s):  
Abiy Maru Alemayehu ◽  
Malede Mequanent Sisay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Higher Educational

Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes and its complications can be reduced by enhancing the attitude of the community. However, there is limited information regarding attitude towards diabetes in northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the attitude and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adult non-diabetic participants in Gondar city. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar city. Systematic random sampling was employed to select 626 non-diabetic participants. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, processing, and analysis were done using STATA version 14. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used to identify the associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to calculate a level of significance. Results Of 626 participants, 572 (91.37%) study subjects heard about diabetes mellitus. Three hundred and fifteen participants (55.07%) (95% CI: 50.9% - 59.1%) had a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Having good knowledge about diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.87), and higher educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.78) were positively associated with a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98), on the other hand, had poor attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Conclusion In this study, a favorable attitude towards diabetes was low among adult non-diabetic participants. Good knowledge, higher educational status, and being male were the factors associated with a favorable attitude towards diabetes.

scholarly journals Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women in Wolaita Sodo town, South Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110011
Author(s):  
Alemu Bolanko ◽  
Hussen Namo ◽  
Kirubel Minsamo ◽  
Nigatu Addisu ◽  
Mohammed Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstetric Danger Signs ◽  
Danger Signs

Introduction: Obstetric complications continue to be the major causes of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge of women toward obstetric danger signs is an important part of improving maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the reported level of knowledge on obstetric danger signs is low and inconsistent. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from randomly selected 740 pregnant women. A pregnant woman said to have good knowledge of obstetric danger signs if she spontaneously mentioned at least two of the danger signs during each of the three periods (pregnancy, labor/childbirth, and postpartum) and otherwise said to have poor knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and a value of p < 0.05 were used to identify the predictors. Results: A total of 740 pregnant women participated in the study with the response rate of 97.5%. One hundred twenty-four (16.8%) of the respondents were knowledgeable about obstetric danger signs. According to our study, age range of 20–24 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6, confidence interval: 2.67–17.44) and 25–29 years old (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, confidence interval: 1.14–5.10); being housewife (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, confidence interval: 0.28–0.87); monthly income of ⩽1000ETB (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, confidence interval: 0.12–0.46) and 1001-2500ETB (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24, confidence interval: 0.12–0.47); and primigravida (adjusted odds ratio = 0.09, confidence interval: 0.04–0.18) and primipara (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, confidence interval: 0.07–0.30) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Conclusion: Knowledge of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women was low. Maternal age, average monthly income, maternal occupation, parity, and gravidity were factors significantly associated with the knowledge of obstetric danger signs.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110245
Author(s):  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Bikila Regassa ◽  
Bayise Biru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals The Associated Factors of Prolonged Screen Time and Using Electronic Devices before Sleep among Elderly People in Shaanxi Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7020
Author(s):  
Yaxuan Zhang ◽  
Jiwei Wang ◽  
Xinyuan Lu ◽  
Beibei Che ◽  
Jinming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to investigate prolonged screen time and using electronic devices before sleep and their associated factors in elderly people in Shaanxi province of China. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2647 elderly participants aged 60–88 years. Data were collected through questionnaires. Demographic characteristics, screen time, using electronic devices before sleep, health status, lifestyles, sleep quality, and other associated factors were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the associated factors of screen time and using electronic devices before sleep. The crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 1784 subjects completed the questionnaire. There were 6.89% participants with prolonged screen time and 13.45% using electronic devices before sleep frequently. Prolonged screen time was associated with personal monthly income (aOR = 1.205, p = 0.001), number of household residents (aOR = 0.860, p = 0.010), rural residents (aOR = 0.617, p = 0.038), and regular drinkers (aOR = 2.889, p < 0.001). Using electronic devices before sleep was associated with being female (aOR = 0.657, p = 0.007), family monthly income (aOR = 0.866, p = 0.002), being an occasional drinker (aOR = 1.891, p = 0.005), and self-reported sleep quality (aOR = 1.593, p = 0.007). In conclusion, several factors related to screen time or using electronic devices before sleep were identified. Only being a drinker was a common associated factor for both screen time and using electronic devices before sleep.

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