scholarly journals Identification of blast  resistance QTLs based on  two ad vanced backcross populations in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Jiang ◽  
Yutao Feng ◽  
Lei Qiu ◽  
Guanjun Gao ◽  
Qinglu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Minor Qtls ◽  
Observation Times

Abstract Background: Rice blast is an economically important and mutable disease of rice. Using host resistance gene to breed resistant varieties has been proven to be the most effective and economical method to control rice blast and new resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are then needed.Results: In this study, we constructed two advanced backcross population to mapping blast resistance QTLs. CR071 and QingGuAi were as the donor parent to establish two BC3F1 and derived BC3F2 backcross population in the Jin23B background. By challenging the two populations with natural infection in 2011 and 2012, 16 and 13 blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi population, respectively. Among Jin23B/CR071 population, 3 major and 13 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 3.50% to 34.08% during six observation times. And, among Jin23B/QingGuAi population, 2 major and 11 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 2.42% to 28.95% during six observation times.Conclusions: Sixteen and thirteen blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi population, respectively. QTL effect analyses suggested that major and minor QTLs interaction is the genetic basis for durable blast resistance in rice variety CR071 and QingGuAi.

scholarly journals Identification of blast resistance QTLs based on two advanced backcross populations in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Jiang ◽  
Yutao Feng ◽  
Lei Qiu ◽  
Guanjun Gao ◽  
Qinglu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Minor Qtls ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Observation Times

Abstract Background: Rice blast is an economically important and mutable disease of rice. Using host resistance gene to breed resistant varieties has been proven to be the most effective and economical method to control rice blast and new resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are then needed. Results: In this study, we constructed two advanced backcross population to mapping blast resistance QTLs. CR071 and QingGuAi were as the donor parent to establish two BC 3 F 1 and derived BC 3 F 2 backcross populations in the Jin23B background. By challenging the two populations with natural infection in 2011 and 2012, 16 and 13 blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi population, respectively. Among Jin23B/CR071 population, 3 major and 13 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 3.50% to 34.08% during six observation times. And, among Jin23B/QingGuAi population, 2 major and 11 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 2.42% to 28.95% during six observation times. Conclusions: Sixteen and thirteen blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi population, respectively. QTL effect analyses suggested that major and minor QTLs interaction is the genetic basis for durable blast resistance in rice variety CR071 and QingGuAi.

scholarly journals Identification of blast  resistance QTLs based on  two ad vanced backcross populations in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Jiang ◽  
Yutao Feng ◽  
Lei Qiu ◽  
Guanjun Gao ◽  
Qinglu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Minor Qtls ◽  
Advanced Backcross Population

Abstract Background: Rice blast is an economically important and mutable disease of rice. Using host resistance gene to breed resistant varieties has been proven to be the most effective and economical method to control rice blast and new resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are then needed.Results: In this study, we constructed two advanced backcross population to mapping blast resistance QTLs. CR071 and QingGuAi3 were as the donor parent to establish two BC3F1 and derived BC3F2 backcross population in the Jin23B background. By challenging the two populations with natural infection in 2011 and 2012, 16 and 13 blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, respectively. Among Jin23B/CR071 population, 3 major and 13 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 3.50% to 34.08% in two years. And, among Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, 2 major and 11 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 2.42% to 28.95% in two years.Conclusions: Sixteen and thirteen blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, respectively. QTL effect analyses suggested that major and minor QTLs interaction is the genetic basis for durable blast resistance in rice variety CR071 and QingGuAi3.

scholarly journals Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu An ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jinlu Li ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Qianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.

scholarly journals Development of Sakon Nakhon Rice Variety for Blast Resistance through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawaporn Srichant ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Tidarat Monkham ◽  
Petcharat Thammabenjapone ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistance Qtls

The Sakon Nakhon (SKN) rice cultivar is non-photosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality; which adapts well to both upland and lowland conditions. Furthermore, it has been adopted by Thailand’s sugarcane growers, as it has proved fit for an upland crop preceding the sugarcane cropping system. However, SKN is very susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The purpose of this study was to breed SKN for blast resistance, using marker-assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the SKN (recurrent) with the RD6 introgression line (donor), which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Franking microsatellite markers for blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12 were used for selection through BC2F2. Thirteen BC2F3 selected lines were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and seven lines of BC2F4 were evaluated against blast, along with their agronomic traits, under field conditions (upland and lowland). SKN 39-10-19-29-12 and SKN 39-10-19-29-13 presented high resistance to leaf and neck blast; and were non-photosensitive, with the same agronomic traits as the SKN. This study successfully demonstrates the improvement of the recommended SKN variety blast resistance, while maintaining similar agronomic traits.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Comparison of Defense Responses in the Rice Variety ‘Jao Hom Nin’ Regarding Two Blast Resistant Genes, Pish and Pik

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Athipat Ngernmuen ◽  
Worrawit Suktrakul ◽  
Sureeporn Kate-Ngam ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Backcross Inbred Lines ◽  
Resistant Genes

Jao Hom Nin (JHN) is a Thai rice variety with broad-spectrum resistant against rice blast fungus. JHN contains two rice blast resistant genes, Pish and Pik, located on chromosome 1 and on chromosome 11, respectively. To understand the blast resistance in JHN, the study of the defense mechanism related to the Pish and Pik genes is crucial. This study aimed to dissect defense response genes between the Pish and Pik genes using the RNA-seq technique. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Pish and Pik backcross inbred lines were identified between 0 and 24 h after inoculation with rice blast spore suspension. The results showed that 1248 and 858 DEGs were unique to the Pish and Pik lines, respectively. The wall-associated kinase gene was unique to the Pish line and the zinc-finger-containing protein gene was unique to the Pik line. Pathogenicity-related proteins PR-4 and PR-10 were commonly found in both Pish and Pik lines. Moreover, DEGs functionally categorized in brassinosteriod, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid pathways were detected in both Pish and Pik lines. These unique and shared genes in the Pish and Pik rice blast defense responses will help to dissect the mechanisms of plant defense and facilitate rice blast breeding programs.

scholarly journals Resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum Intraspecific Crosses to Race T1 Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot of Tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencai Yang ◽  
Erik J. Sacks ◽  
Melanie L. Lewis Ivey ◽  
Sally A. Miller ◽  
David M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Advanced Backcross

We used molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer resistance in the field to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race T1, a causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato. An F2 population derived from a cross between Hawaii 7998 (H 7998) and an elite breeding line, Ohio 88119, was used for the initial identification of an association between molecular markers and resistance as measured by bacterial populations in individual plants in the greenhouse. Polymorphism in this cross between a Lycopersicon esculentum donor of resistance and an elite L. esculentum parent was limited. The targeted use of a core set of 148 polymerase chain reaction-based markers that were identified as polymorphic in L. esculentum × L. esculentum crosses resulted in the identification of 37 markers that were polymorphic for the cross of interest. Previous studies using an H 7998 × L. pennellii wide cross implicated three loci, Rx1, Rx2, and Rx3, in the hypersensitive response to T1 strains. Markers that we identified were linked to the Rx1 and Rx3 loci, but no markers were identified in the region of chromosome 1 where Rx2 is located. Single marker-trait analysis suggested that chromosome 5, near the Rx3 locus, contributed to reduced bacterial populations in lines carrying the locus from H 7998. The locus on chromosome 5 explained 25% of the phenotypic variation in bacterial populations developing in infected plants. An advanced backcross population and subsequent inbred backcross lines developed using Ohio 88119 as a recurrent parent were used to confirm QTL associations detected in the F2 population. Markers on chromosome 5 explained 41% of the phenotypic variation for resistance in replicated field trials. In contrast, the Rx1 locus on chromosome 1 did not play a role in resistance to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria race T1 strains as measured by bacterial populations in the greenhouse or symptoms in the field. A locus from H 7998 on chromosome 4 was associated with susceptibility to disease and explained 11% of the total phenotypic variation. Additional variation in resistance was explained by plant maturity (6%), with early maturing families expressing lower levels of resistance, and plant habit (6%), with indeterminate plants displaying more resistance. The markers linked to Rx3 will be useful in selection for resistance in elite × elite crosses.

scholarly journals Development of blast resistant rice plants using CRISPR / Cas9 system for genome editing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Short Period

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop for more than half of the world population but unfortunately, it is severely affected by blast, one of the most widespread and devastating plant diseases, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Hence, the development of rice cultivars with greater resistance to blast is one of the main focuses of breeding programs. However, due to the complex biology of the pathogen, rice cultivars genetically resistant to the fungus become susceptible in a short period of time. In this context, the knockout of rice susceptibility genes represents a flourishing approach to obtain rice cultivars with a broader and longer-lasting resistance to M. oryzae. The present study aimed to use the genomic editing technology - CRISPR/Cas9 system, for knocking-out genes engaged with rice susceptibility to fungal infection. From previous transcriptomics results of two semi-isogenic rice lines - NILs infected by M. oryzae, potential rice-blast susceptibility genes were selected. The prospection of candidate genes for gene editing was complemented by a comparative shotgun proteomic analysis of the protein profile of the interaction between IRBLi-F5 (susceptible) and IRBL5-M (resistant) NILs in early stages of M. oryzae infection, that revealed a specific set of proteins potentially associated with susceptibility. After the characterization and validation of gene expression by RT-qPCR of the most prominent candidates, the target genes OsDjA2, OsERF104 and OsPyl5 were selected and submitted to a functional validation via gene silencing in planta, using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), in which a clear reduction of leaf symptoms was observed in the compatible identification. Subsequently, the model japonica rice variety Nipponbare was transformed with simplex CRISPR/Cas9 vectors aiming to the independent knockout of each target gene. The T1 progeny of rice-edited plants, homozygous for the null (loss of function)-mutation were tested for blast resistance. As expected, mutant plants showed a decrease of disease symptoms in comparison with control lines (transformant non-edited plants). The results obtained in this study can contribute for the development of rice cultivars resistant to blast disease, besides shedding light on new potential rice-blast susceptibility genes.

scholarly journals Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Siti Norsuha Misman ◽  
Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak ◽  
Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri ◽  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Virulence Pattern

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.

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