scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Durand NKA ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Bouba Yagai ◽  
Georges Teto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to limit the occurrence of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Methods A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thrombocytopenia was assessed by blood count on Mindray BC 3000 plus, then categorized as mild (50,000-149,999 platelets/μL), moderate (20,000-49,999) and severe <20,000; HIV-1 viremia was measured by Abbott m2000RT and CD4 by BD Facs Calibur; treatment history was retrieved from medical records. Data were analysed using Graph Pad Prism.6, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Median age was 40 [IQR: 33-49] years with, and 60.9% of participants being female. Up to 79.0% (245) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); 54.5% had CD4 counts <500 cells/mm3 and 25.4% had viremia >3log10 RNA/ml. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310), with 17.4% (54/310) mild, 1.6% (5/310) moderate and 0.0% severe. Following ART-exposure, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in naïve versus treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following ART regimens, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.7% (11/17) versus 35.3% (6/17) among AZT-containing versus AZT-sparing regimens, p=0.02. Following viral load ranges, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, 11.0% (12/101) with viral loads 1.60-3.0 log10 RNA/ml and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads >3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03; r=-0.12). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003; r=0.21). After adjusting for age, sex, ART, viral load and CD4, only ART exposure was significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombopenia (p<0.0001). Conclusions Thrombocytopenia occurs generally at mild-level among PLHIV in Cameroon, especially among ART-naïve, AZT-treated, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, especially for AZT-sparing treatment combinations in countries with similar features like Cameroon.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and CD4 lymphocytes among HIV-infected patients in Cameroon: a snapshot from the City of Yaoundé

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Durand Nka ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Yagai Bouba ◽  
Georges Teto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Load Rate

Abstract Objective Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to assess the burden of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Results A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June to November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310). The rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in ART-naïve versus ART-treated patients respectively, p < 0.0001. Following viral load, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads > 3 log10 RNA/ml (p = 0.03). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥ 200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with < 200 CD4/mm3 (p = 0.0003). After adjusting for sex, ART, viral load and CD4, Viral load and ART exposure were significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia occurs especially among ART-naïve, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Durand NKA ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Bouba Yagai ◽  
Georges Teto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Load Rate

Abstract Objective: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to assess the burden of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Results: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310).The rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in ART-naïve versus ART-treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following viral load, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads>3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003) .After adjusting for sex, ART, viral load and CD4, Viral load and ART exposure were significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). Thrombocytopenia occurs especially among ART-naïve, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Durand NKA ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Bouba Yagai ◽  
Georges Teto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Load Rate

Abstract Objective: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to assess the burden of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Results: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310).The rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in ART-naïve versus ART-treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following viral load, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads>3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm 3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm 3 (p=0.0003) . After adjusting for sex, ART, viral load and CD4, Viral load and ART exposure were significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). Thrombocytopenia occurs especially among ART-naïve, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Cocaine Use, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Among People Living with HIV in the MASH Cohort in Miami (P19-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhanoof Alohaly ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Leslie Seminario ◽  
Marianna Baum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objectives HIV infection and cocaine use contribute to oxidative stress; persistent oxidative stress leads to rapid rates of glutathione (GSH) consumption. GSH is an abundant intracellular antioxidant and is synthesized from its precursor amino acids. HIV promotes changes in the components of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in GSH depletion and may cause DNA damage, and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the aim is to assess oxidative stress, and biomarkers of inflammation in HIV-infected individuals from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort, on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART), with controlled HIV viral load. Methods A cross-sectional study of participants in the MASH cohort in Miami. Participants were consented and blood was collected for C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidized glutathione and % of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG). Anthropometrics included body fat measured by the bioimpedance analysis machine. Results Mean age was 54.6 ± 6.3 years, 67% were male, and 50% used cocaine, mean BMI was 26.2 ± 3.1, CRP was 7.1 ± 12.4, oxidized glutathione was 34.4 ± 32.4 mmol, and the ratio of GSH: GSSG 4.86 ± 4.7. All participants had undetected viral load and were mainly overweight (70%) with a mean fat% of 28.0 ± 7.1. Cocaine use was strongly related with CRP (r = 401, P = 0.014) and GSH: GSSG (r = −389, P = 0.017) ; BMI was lower with age (r = −0.502, P = 0.024); and fat contain was lower in males (r = −0.474, P = 0.004); males also had significantly higher oxidized glutathione (r = 0.384, P = 0.018); age was inversely correlated with BMI (r = −0.335, P = 0.027). A nutritional supplementation with antioxidants with a longitudinal follow-up of outcomes is in progress. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cocaine use is significantly associated with markers of inflammations and oxidative stress in people living with HIV who are already at risk for these conditions, and interventions with antioxidants and detoxification interventions are important for these participants. Funding Sources National Institute on Drug Abuse.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of the Brazilian LGBT population in HIV treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488
Author(s):  
Thaisa Fernanda Lourenção Tauyr ◽  
Luciano Garcia Lourenção ◽  
Maria Amélia Zanon Ponce ◽  
Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Sperli Geraldes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lgbt People

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transvestite, and transsexual (LGBT) population. We aimed to identify the indidual vulnerability profile of the LGBT population ling with H/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and correlate it with the treatment situation. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 510 LGBT people living with HIV (PLHIV)/AIDS who attended the Complex of Chronic Communicable Diseases of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2015. Results: There was a predominance of indiduals who were white (70.2%), male (98.4%), single (87.1%), aged 25–44 years (70.0%), educated up to high school (47.7%), economically acte (91.2%), under treatment (80.8%), having CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (77.1%), and having undetectable viral load (53.3%). HIV transmission was mainly sexual (97.0%) and most people used drugs (76.5%). There was a weak correlation between the variables ‘in treatment’ and acte occupation (r = 0.148, p = 0.001), single marital status (r = 0.128, p = 0.004), white race/colour (r = 0.117, p = 0.008), high school education (r = 0.111, p = 0.012), sexual transmission (r = 0.222, p = 0.000), drug use (r = 0.087, p = 0.049), and CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (r = 0.118, p = 0.008); and strong correlation between the variables ‘in treatment’ and undetectable viral load (r = -0.937, p = 0.113). Conclusions: The characteristics of the indidual vulnerability of LGBT people involve, among other aspects, issues of gender and social exclusion, a situation that is part of the daily life of PLHIV/AIDS in many scenarios and territories. This can be alleviated with a network of social and health support and effecte and efficient, protecte, attitudinal, and behavioural public policies.

scholarly journals Influence of HLA-B*5701 on 20 year survival rate among patients living with HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255834
Author(s):  
Bogusz Jan Aksak-Wąs ◽  
Miłosz Parczewski ◽  
Anna Urbańska ◽  
Małgorzata Hackiewicz ◽  
Justyna D. Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Point ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) remains shorter than that of the general population, despite significant improvement in the recent years. Mortality in HIV-infected individuals may be associated with a higher viral load at of diagnosis, a lower CD4 count, or clinical variables such as sex or route of transmission. This article investigated the role of the HLA-B*5701 varian on mortality among PLWH. Methods Material for the analysis consist of the data of 2,393 patients for whom the HLA-B*57 variant was known. Those patients were followed under the care of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Warsaw (n = 1555) and the Clinic of Acquired Immunodeficiency of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (n = 838). Factors such as age, gender, date of HIV diagnosis, route of transmission, date of death, baseline HIV viral load and baseline CD4 counts, were collected, and end-point cross-sectional analyses were marked at 60, 120, 180 and 240 month of observation. Results HLA-B*5701 allele was found in 133 (5.5%) analyzed cases. Median age was notably higher for HLA-B*5701 positive patients [32.7 (28.3–41.3) vs. 31.6 (26.8–38.3)years p = 0.02]. HLA-B*5701 was associated with lower baseline viral load [4.21 (3.5–4.8) vs. 4.79 (4.2–5.3)log copies/ml p<0.001] and higher CD4count [448 (294.5–662) vs. 352 (176–514) cells/μl p<0.001]. There were no association between HLA-B*5701 and survival for any given end-point. Higher mortality was associated to male gender, intravenous drug users, lower CD4 count at baseline and higher baseline viral load. Conclusions In our study, the presence of HLA-B*5701 allel was not associated with mortality rate of HIV infected patients, irrespective of being associated with both higher baseline CD4 + cell count and lower baseline HIV viral load.

scholarly journals Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiyo Kikuchi ◽  
Junko Yasuoka ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Sokunthea Yem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Oral health status is known to be associated with overall health among people living with HIV. However, it is unclear whether dental caries is associated with viral load among this population. In particular, dental caries among children living with HIV needs to be better understood, as this can affect their overall health and future well-being. This study assessed the association between dental caries and viral load among children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Paediatric Hospital as a baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial. The study population included children living with HIV aged 3–15 years and their primary caregivers. We collected data on the children’s oral health status by oral examination and the latest HIV viral load data stored in the patients’ information system at the hospital. We also conducted a questionnaire-based interview of the children and their primary caregivers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between dental caries and viral load. The cut-off point for undetectable viral load was set at <40 copies/mL.Results: Data from 328 children were included in the analysis; 68.3% had an undetectable viral load. The mean number of permanent or deciduous teeth with caries was 7.7 (standard deviation, 5.0). In the regression analysis, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was positively associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.14). Conversely, antiretroviral therapy of ≥1 year and self-reported better adherence to antiretroviral drugs were negatively associated with detectable viral load. Among children with detectable viral load, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was also positively associated with non-suppression of viral load (>1000 copies/mL) (adjusted odds ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.23).Conclusions: Dental caries was associated with viral load status detection among children living with HIV. This finding suggests that oral health status may affect the immune status of children. The oral health of children living with HIV should be strengthened, and further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between viral load and oral health status.

scholarly journals Determinants of viral load non-suppression among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Kumasi, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
David Ansah ◽  
Emmanuel Kumah ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Peter Agyei-Baffour ◽  
Emmanuel K Afriyie
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Comorbidity Status ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: To determine the rate and factors associated with viral load non-suppression among adults living with HIV/AIDS on active anti-retroviral therapy (ART).Design: A retrospective cross-sectional studySetting: Three ART clinics in Kumasi, GhanaParticipants: All HIV-infected adults who were ≥18 years and on active ART for 12 months and whose viral loadnhad been estimated were included.Main outcome measure: Unsuppressed viral load among patients on ARTResults: In all, 483 HIV patients were included in the study, with 369 (76.4%) achieving viral load suppression. Gender, educational level, comorbidity status, and duration on ART were independently associated with viral nonsuppression (p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study has revealed that the rate of viral suppression in the study area is lower than the UNAIDS 90% target. The findings have implications on designing new and stemming up implementation of existing interventions to improve the rate of viral suppression among patients in the study area. It is also necessary that more of such studies are replicated in other parts of the country to identify risk factors for virological failure among patients on ART.

scholarly journals Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross‐sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiyo Kikuchi ◽  
Junko Yasuoka ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa ◽  
Sokunthea Yem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Oral health status is associated with the overall health among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, it is unclear whether dental caries is associated with the viral load in this population. Particularly, dental caries among children living with HIV needs better understanding as this can affect their overall health and future well-being. This study assessed the association between dental caries and viral load among children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted at the National Pediatric Hospital as a baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial, included 328, 3–15-year-old children living with HIV and their primary caregivers. Calibrated and trained examiners conducted oral examinations for dental caries (DMFT/dmft index) in the children and retrieved the latest HIV viral load data from the hospital’s patient information system. On the dental examination day, the children and their caregivers were invited to answer a questionnaire-based interview. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between dental caries and viral load. The cut-off point for undetectable viral load was set at < 40 copies/mL. Results Data from 328 children were included in the analysis; 68.3% had an undetectable viral load. The mean DMFT/dmft was 7.7 (standard deviation = 5.0). Adjusted regression analysis showed that dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was positively associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.14). Conversely, antiretroviral therapy of ≥ 1 year and self-reported better adherence to antiretroviral drugs were negatively associated with detectable viral load. Among children with detectable viral load, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth was positively associated with non-suppression of viral load (> 1000 copies/mL) (AOR: 1.12, CI: 1.03–1.23). Conclusions Dental caries was associated with viral load status detection among children living with HIV. This finding suggests that dental caries may affect their immune status. The oral health of children living with HIV should be strengthened, and further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between viral load and oral health status.

scholarly journals Renal Dysfunction among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Oswin Mwemezi ◽  
Paschal Ruggajo ◽  
Jonathan Mngumi ◽  
Francis F Furia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background. HIV-associated renal dysfunction is common among infected patients; the growing burden of this condition may be partly accounted for by improved survival attributed to sustained viral suppression with antiretroviral therapies (ART). Some ART regimens are nephrotoxic and may potentially contribute to renal dysfunction observed in these patients. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of renal dysfunction among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART attending the care and treatment clinic (CTC). Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and October 2019 among adults living with HIV on ART for 6 months or more attending CTC at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 287 participants were screened for proteinuria and microalbuminuria using the Cybow 300 urine analyzer. Serum creatinine was tested for all participants, and it was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI formula. Results. Out of 287 participants (72.1% female, mean age ± SD: 46.7 ± 10.6 years), about one-third (32.8%) had eGFR less than 90 ml/min, whereas 7% had eGFR less than 60 ml/min. Microalbuminuria and proteinuria were detected in 38.6% and 25.1% of participants, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, predictive determinants for renal dysfunction were higher viral loads (OR 2.5 (1.1–5.8), p=0.031), diabetes mellitus (OR 5.5 (1.6–18.6), p=0.006), and age above 60 years (OR 2.8 (1.0–7.3), p=0.041); however, this was not the case for serum CD4 counts (OR 1.25 (0.7–2.3), p=0.46). Conclusion. High prevalence of renal dysfunction among PLHIV on ART was noted in this study. Viral loads above 1000 cp/ml and diabetes mellitus were noted to be associated with increased risk for renal dysfunction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document