scholarly journals COVID-19 Severity among Women of Reproductive Age with Symptomatic Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by Pregnancy Status – United States, Jan 1, 2020 – Sep 30, 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Strid ◽  
Lauren B. Zapata ◽  
Van T. Tong ◽  
Laura D. Zambrano ◽  
Kate R. Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Risk Ratios

Abstract Importance: Pregnant people are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 compared with nonpregnant people. Limited information is available on the severity of COVID-19 attributable to the Delta variant, the predominant variant in the United States as of late June 2021, among pregnant persons.Objective: To assess risk for severe COVID-19 by pregnancy status and time period relative to Delta variant predominance. Design: Using a cross-sectional design, we describe characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age (WRA) with COVID-19 and calculate adjusted risk ratios for severe disease comparing pregnant with nonpregnant WRA during the pre-Delta period (January 1, 2020 – June 26, 2021) and the Delta period (June 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Additionally, we calculate adjusted risk ratios for severe disease comparing the Delta period with the pre-Delta period for pregnant and nonpregnant WRA.Setting: Reports of COVID-19 in the United States occurring from January 1, 2020 ─ September 30, 2021, submitted to the CDC.Participants: Pregnant and nonpregnant women aged 15-44 years.Exposure(s): Laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main Outcome(s): Severe disease: (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, receipt of invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO], and death).Results: Among 1,856,428 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 in WRA, the risk for severe disease was increased among pregnant compared with nonpregnant WRA during the pre-Delta and Delta periods. Compared with the pre-Delta period, the risk of ICU admission during the Delta period was 66% higher (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.66, 95% CI: 1.34-2.06) for pregnant WRA and 23% higher (aRR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12-1.35) for nonpregnant WRA. The risk of invasive ventilation or ECMO was higher for pregnant and nonpregnant WRA in the Delta period. During the Delta period, the risk of death was 3.40 (95% CI: 2.36-4.91) times the risk in the pre-Delta period among pregnant WRA and 1.96 (95% CI: 1.75-2.18) among nonpregnant WRA. Conclusions and Relevance: The overall risk for severe COVID-19 among WRA remains low; however, symptomatic pregnant WRA remain at increased risk for severe outcomes compared with symptomatic nonpregnant WRA during Delta variant predominance. Compared with the pre-Delta period, pregnant and nonpregnant WRA are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 in the Delta period.

scholarly journals Cigar and Marijuana Blunt Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in the United States, 2006–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria H. Coleman-Cowger ◽  
Wallace B. Pickworth ◽  
Robert A. Lordo ◽  
Erica N. Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

P–776 Singleton pregnancies conceived with infertility treatments and the risk of
neonatal and infant mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Farley ◽  
M Sauer ◽  
J Brandt ◽  
C Ananth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Singleton Live Birth

Abstract Study question Is maternal infertility treatment associated with an increased risk of neonatal and infant mortality when compared to natural conception? Summary answer Infertility treatment is associated with a 70% increased adjusted risk of neonatal mortality. This association is strongly mediated by preterm delivery. What is known already The number of assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles performed in the United States (US) increased by 39% from 142,435 cycles in 2007 to 197,737 in 2016. Within this growing experience, several studies described an increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, congenital malformations, neonatal intensive care unit admission, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality among singletons conceived through ART compared to those conceived naturally. Experts have called for ART patients to be advised of potential increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes and for obstetricians to manage these pregnancies as high risk. Study design, size, duration This is a cross-sectional study of 11,289,466 pregnancies in the United States (US) from 2015–2017 that resulted in a non-malformed singleton live birth. The exposure group includes births resulting from any infertility treatment method, including ART and fertility-enhancing drugs. The control group includes births resulting from natural conceptions. The primary outcomes measured were neonatal (within 1 month), post-neonatal (1 month to a year), and infant (up to 1 year) mortality. Participants/materials, setting, methods Pregnancies (n = 11,289,466) resulting in a non-malformed singleton live birth in the US from 2015–2017. Associations were estimated from log-linear Poisson regression models with robust variance. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived as the effect measure with adjustments for confounders. The impact of exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding biases were assessed. A causal mediation analysis of the infertility treatment-mortality association with preterm delivery (<37 weeks) was performed. Main results and the role of chance Any infertility treatment was documented in 1.3% (n = 142,215) of singleton live births during the study period. Any infertility treatment was associated with a 70% increased adjusted risk of neonatal mortality (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.54–1.88), with an even higher risk for early neonatal (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.63–2.05) than late neonatal (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.69) mortality. These risks were similar among pregnancies conceived through ART and treatment with fertility-enhancing drugs. The mediation analysis showed that 68% (95% CI 59–81) of the total effect of infertility treatment on neonatal mortality was mediated through preterm delivery. In a sensitivity analysis, following corrections for exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding biases, these risks were higher for early neonatal (bias-corrected RR [RRbc] 2.94 95% CIbc 2.16–4.01), but not for late neonatal (RRbc 1.04, 95% CIbc 0.68–1.59) mortality. Limitations, reasons for caution Limitations of the study include the potential underreporting of infertility treatment on birth certificates and potential confounding from sociodemographic characteristics that were not accounted for in this study. Wider implications of the findings: Pregnancies conceived with infertility treatment are associated with increased neonatal mortality and this association is mediated by the increased risk of preterm delivery. Knowledge of this risk should be shared with prospective couples consulting for fertility care in order to best provide adequate informed consent. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Trends and associated characteristics for Chagas disease among women of reproductive age in the United States, 2002 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e00167
Author(s):  
Chioma Ikedionwu ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Manvir Kaur ◽  
Lisa Nunez ◽  
Annabella Awazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

scholarly journals Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (25) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Ellington ◽  
Penelope Strid ◽  
Van T. Tong ◽  
Kate Woodworth ◽  
Romeo R. Galang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Vaginal and rectal clostridial colonization among women of reproductive age in the United States

Contraception ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shannon ◽  
M. Veatch ◽  
E. Chong ◽  
K. Agnew ◽  
D. Nucatola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

scholarly journals The Effects of Viral Load Burden on Pregnancy Loss among HIV-Infected Women in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Cates ◽  
Daniel Westreich ◽  
Andrew Edmonds ◽  
Rodney L. Wright ◽  
Howard Minkoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background. To evaluate the effects of HIV viral load, measured cross-sectionally and cumulatively, on the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth (pregnancy loss) among HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2013.Methods. We assessed three exposures: most recent viral load measure before the pregnancy ended, log10copy-years viremia from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to conception, and log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception.Results. The risk of pregnancy loss for those with log10viral load >4.00 before pregnancy ended was 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 2.56) times as high as the risk for women whose log10viral load was ≤1.60. There was not a meaningful impact of log10copy-years viremia since ART or log10copy-years viremia in the two years before conception on pregnancy loss (adjusted risk ratios (aRRs): 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.92) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.11), resp.).Conclusions. Cumulative viral load burden does not appear to be an informative measure for pregnancy loss risk, but the extent of HIV replication during pregnancy, as represented by plasma HIV RNA viral load, predicted loss versus live birth in this ethnically diverse cohort of HIV-infected US women.

scholarly journals Trends and Risk Factors for Leishmaniasis among Reproductive Aged Women in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Chioma Ikedionwu ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Courtney Williams ◽  
Evelyn Odeh ◽  
Maylis Nkeng Peh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Background and Objective: Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is endemic in several regions globally, but commonly regarded as a disease of travelers in the United States (US). The literature on leishmaniasis among hospitalized women in the US is very limited. The aim of this study was to explore trends and risk factors for leishmaniasis among hospitalized women of reproductive age within the US. Methods: We analyzed hospital admissions data from the 2002-2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample among women aged 15-49 years. We conducted descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses for factors associated with leishmaniasis. Utilizing logistic regression, we assessed the association between sociodemographic and hospital characteristics with leishmaniasis disease among hospitalized women of reproductive age in the US. Joinpoint regression was used to examine trends over time. Results: We analyzed 131,529,239 hospitalizations; among these, 207 cases of leishmaniasis hospitalizations were identified, equivalent to an overall prevalence of 1.57 cases per million during the study period. The prevalence of leishmaniasis was greatest among older women of reproductive age (35-49 years), Hispanics, those with Medicare, and inpatient stay in large teaching hospitals in the Northeast of the US. Hispanic women experienced a statistically significant increased odds of leishmaniasis diagnosis (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19-4.06), compared to Non-Hispanic (NH) White women. Medicaid and Private Insurance appeared to serve as a protective factor in both unadjusted and adjusted models. We did not observe a statistically significant change in leishmaniasis rates over the study period. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Although the prevalence of leishmaniasis among women of reproductive age appears to be low in the US, some risk remains. Thus, appropriate educational, public health and policy initiatives are needed to increase clinical awareness and timely diagnosis/treatment of the disease.   Copyright © 2021 Ikedionwu, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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