Epidemiology, Haematology and Molecular Characterization of Haemoprotozoon and Rickettsial Organisms Causing Infection in Cattle of Jammu Region, North India

Abstract Background: The present study was aimed to establish the prevalence, epidemiology and molecular characterization of major haemoprotozoons (Babesia and Theileria) and rickettsia (Anaplasma) of cattle in Jammu region (North India) using microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hematology, Microscopy and PCR based prevalence studies were undertaken with 278 blood samples from cattle. Molecular prevalence studies were followed by genetic characterization of the isolates of Babesia, Anaplasma and Theileria spp. based on 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and Tams1 gene, respectively. The data related to metrology and epidemiological variables like temperature, rainfall, season, age and type of livestock rearing was analyzed and correlated with disease by statistical methods. Results: The study revealed prevalence of Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. to be 14.02%, 23.74% and 1.079% respectively. The metrological and epidemiological variables made inroads for the propagation of vector ticks and occurrence of infection. Haematological alterations predominantly related to haemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume were evident in diseased animals and collaterally affected the productivity. Further the genetic characterization of Babesia spp. (MN566925.1, MN567603, MN566924.1), Anaplasma spp. (MH733242.1, MN567602.1) and Theileria spp. (MT113479) provided a representative data of the isolates circulating in the region and their proximity with available sequences across the world.Conclusions: Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, comprehensive disease mapping has yet not been undertaken in several parts of India. The present study provides a blue print of disease mapping, epidemiological correlations and genomic diversity of Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp circulating in the region.

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Epidemiology, haematology and molecular characterization of haemoprotozoon and rickettsial organisms causing infections in cattle of Jammu region, North India

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02915-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rabjot Kaur ◽

Anish Yadav ◽

Shafiya I. Rafiqi ◽

Rajesh Godara ◽

Vikrant Sudan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Disease Mapping ◽

Anaplasma Marginale ◽

Theileria Annulata ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

North India ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Prevalence Studies

Abstract Background The present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, epidemiology and molecular characterization of major haemoprotozoons (Babesia and Theileria) and rickettsia (Anaplasma) of cattle in Jammu region (North India) using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hematology, microscopy and PCR based prevalence studies were undertaken with 278 whole blood samples from cattle. Molecular prevalence studies were followed by genetic characterization of the isolates of Babesia, Anaplasma and Theileria spp. based on 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and Tams1 gene, respectively. The data related to metrology and epidemiological variables like temperature, rainfall, season, age and type of livestock rearing was analyzed and correlated with occurrence of disease by statistical methods. Results The prevalence based on microscopy was 12.9% (36/278) whereas PCR recorded 30.22% (84/278) animals positive for haemoparasitic infections. All the samples found positive by microscopy were also recorded positive by PCR. Thus the study revealed prevalence of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata to be 9.7, 16.5 and 0.7% respectively. The metrological and epidemiological variables made inroads for the propagation of vector ticks and occurrence of infection. Haematological alterations predominantly related to decrease in haemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume were evident in diseased animals and collaterally affected the productivity. Further the genetic characterization of Babesia bigemina. (MN566925.1, MN567603, MN566924.1), Anaplasma marginale. (MH733242.1, MN567602.1) and Theileria annulata (MT113479) provided a representative data of the isolates circulating in the region and their proximity with available sequences across the world. Conclusions Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, comprehensive disease mapping has yet not been undertaken in several parts of India. The present study provides a blue print of disease mapping, epidemiological correlations and genomic diversity of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata circulating in the region.

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Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Turkey Pox Virus from Maharashtra, India: A Review

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4468 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M.M. Pawade ◽

P.P. Mhase ◽

D.M. Muglikar ◽

V.D. Lonkar ◽

P.V. Mehere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Virus Isolation ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Slow Spreading ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Avian Pox

Avian pox diseases are contagious and slow spreading viral infections in birds. The present study was aim to, isolate and molecular characterization of turkeypox virus from a clinical case. Ten out of the twelve scab lesions sample collected from clinically suspected cases were positive for avian pox viurs (APV) based on virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction. We conducted genetic characterization of the APV strain. The phylogenetic analyses of P4b gene APV genome indicated that, avian poxviruses fragments sequenced in this study clustered along the A clade of avipoxviruses, genetically related to Indian fowl pox virus isolated from chicken, showing 99% homology.

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