scholarly journals Dynamic QTL analysis for developmental behavior of cell wall components and forage digestibility in maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Xiaogang Liu ◽  
Xiaojiao Hu ◽  
Yujin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Conditional Qtl ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Pleiotropic Qtl ◽  
Stalk Strength ◽  
Wall Components

Abstract Background Cell wall architecture plays a key role in stalk strength and forage digestibility. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are the three main components of the plant cell wall and can impact stalk quality by affecting cell wall structure and strength. To explore cell wall development during secondary cell wall lignification in maize stalks, conventional and conditional genetic mappings was used to identify the dynamic quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cell wall components and digestibility traits in five growth stages after silking. Results Acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose (CEL), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of stalk were evaluated in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The cell wall components gradually increased in the 10–40 days after silking (DAS), reached a maximum at 30–40 DAS, and then steadily decreased. IVDMD decreased over the initial 40 DAS and then increased slightly. Seventy-two QTL were identified for five traits and each accounted for 3.48–24.04% of the phenotypic resistance variation. Twenty-six conditional QTL were detected using conditional QTL mapping. 22 out of 24 conditional QTL were found for stages III|II and V|IV. Six QTL hotspots were found localized in bins 1.08, 2.04, 2.07, 7.03, 8.05, and 9.03 in the maize genome. Conclusion The unconditional pleiotropic QTL in bins 1.08 and 8.05 were also associated with stalk strength. Furthermore, several pleiotropic QTL for cell wall and digestibility were found not associated with stalk strength. A simultaneous improvement in forage digestibility and lodging resistance can be achieved by pyramiding multiple effective QTL identified in the present study.

Binding selectivity of dietary polyphenols to different plant cell wall components: Quantification and mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Dao T. Phan ◽  
Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽  
Bruce R. D'Arcy ◽  
Michael J. Gidley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Binding Selectivity ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Wall Components

Investigating plant cell wall components that affect biomass recalcitrance in poplar and switchgrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn D. DeMartini ◽  
Sivakumar Pattathil ◽  
Jeffrey S. Miller ◽  
Hongjia Li ◽  
Michael G. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Recalcitrance ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

scholarly journals Elucidating The Multifunctional Role of The Cell Wall Components in The Maize Exploitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana López-Malvar ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Xose Carlos Souto ◽  
Leonardo Dario Gomez ◽  
Rachael Simister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Wall Components

Abstract Background: Besides the use of maize grain as food and feed, maize stover can be a profitable by-product for cellulosic ethanol production, whereas the whole plant can be used in silage production. However, yield is reduced by pest damages, where stem corn borers are one of the most important factors limiting yield. Overall, cell wall composition is key in determining the quality of maize biomass, as well as pest resistance. This study aims to address the interrelations between cell wall components in diverse maize genotypes, and pest resistance, ethanolic production and forage digestibility. Results: We can highlight the following results: (i) pests resistant inbred lines may show cell walls with low p-coumaric acid and hemicellulose content; (ii) inbred lines showing cell walls with high cellulose content and diferulate cross-linking may present higher performance in ethanol production; (iii) and inbred lines with enhanced digestibility may have cell walls poor in neutral detergent fibre and diferulates, combined with a lignin polymer composition richer in G subunits. Conclusions: Our results evidence that there is no maize cell wall ideotype among the tested for optimal performance in the three areas evaluated, and maize plants should be specifically bred for each particular application.

Self-assembly Mechanisms in Plant Cell Wall Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh K. Murugesan ◽  
Damiano Pasini ◽  
Alejandro D. Rey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

scholarly journals Activating Intrinsic Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes of the Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis for the Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 5174-5185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Geiser ◽  
Michèle Reindl ◽  
Lars M. Blank ◽  
Michael Feldbrügge ◽  
Nick Wierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

ABSTRACTThe microbial conversion of plant biomass to valuable products in a consolidated bioprocess could greatly increase the ecologic and economic impact of a biorefinery. Current strategies for hydrolyzing plant material mostly rely on the external application of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Alternatively, production organisms can be engineered to secrete CAZymes to reduce the reliance on externally added enzymes. Plant-pathogenic fungi have a vast repertoire of hydrolytic enzymes to sustain their lifestyle, but expression of the corresponding genes is usually highly regulated and restricted to the pathogenic phase. Here, we present a new strategy in using the biotrophic smut fungusUstilago maydisfor the degradation of plant cell wall components by activating its intrinsic enzyme potential during axenic growth. This fungal model organism is fully equipped with hydrolytic enzymes, and moreover, it naturally produces value-added substances, such as organic acids and biosurfactants. To achieve the deregulated expression of hydrolytic enzymes during the industrially relevant yeast-like growth in axenic culture, the native promoters of the respective genes were replaced by constitutively active synthetic promoters. This led to an enhanced conversion of xylan, cellobiose, and carboxymethyl cellulose to fermentable sugars. Moreover, a combination of strains with activated endoglucanase and β-glucanase increased the release of glucose from carboxymethyl cellulose and regenerated amorphous cellulose, suggesting that mixed cultivations could be a means for degrading more complex substrates in the future. In summary, this proof of principle demonstrates the potential applicability of activating the expression of native CAZymes from phytopathogens in a biocatalytic process.IMPORTANCEThis study describes basic experiments that aim at the degradation of plant cell wall components by the smut fungusUstilago maydis. As a plant pathogen, this fungus contains a set of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes that may be suited for biomass degradation. However, its hydrolytic enzymes are specifically expressed only during plant infection. Here, we provide the proof of principle that these intrinsic enzymes can be synthetically activated during the industrially relevant yeast-like growth. The fungus is known to naturally synthesize valuable compounds, such as itaconate or glycolipids. Therefore, it could be suited for use in a consolidated bioprocess in which more complex and natural substrates are simultaneously converted to fermentable sugars and to value-added compounds in the future.

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