scholarly journals Characterization of Chromosome Constitution in Three Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Amphiploids Revealed Frequent Rearrangement of Alien and Wheat Chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cui ◽  
Piyi Xing ◽  
Xiaolei Qi ◽  
Yinguang Bao ◽  
Honggang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Partial Amphiploids ◽  
Common Wheat Variety

Abstract Background: Thinopyrum intermedium (2n=6x=42) is an important wild perennial Triticeae species exhibiting many potentially favorable traits for wheat improvement. Wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids serve as a bridge to transfer desirable genes from Th. intermedium into common wheat. Results: Three octoploid Trititrigia accessions (TE261-1, TE266-1, and TE346-1) with good resistances to stripe rust, powdery mildew and aphids were selected from hybrid progenies between Th. intermedium and the common wheat variety ‘Yannong 15’ (YN15). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multicolor GISH (McGISH) analyses demonstrated that the three octoploid Trititrigia possess 42 wheat chromosomes and 14 Th. intermedium chromosomes. The 14 alien (Th. intermedium) chromosomes belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St-genome chromosomes rather than a single J, JS or St genome. Different types of chromosomal structural variation were also detected in the 1A, 6A, 6B, 2D and 7D chromosomes via FISH, McGISH and molecular marker analysis. The identity of the alien chromosomes and the variationes in the wheat chromosomes in the three Trititrigia octoploids were also different. Conclusions: The wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids possess 14 alien chromosomes which belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St- chromosomes, and 42 wheat chromosomes with different structural variations. These accessions could be used as genetic resources in wheat breeding for the transfer of pest resistance genes from Th. intermedium to common wheat.

scholarly journals Characterization of chromosome constitution in three wheat - Thinopyrum intermedium amphiploids revealed frequent rearrangement of alien and wheat chromosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cui ◽  
Piyi Xing ◽  
Xiaolei Qi ◽  
Yinguang Bao ◽  
Honggang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Abstract Background Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42) is an important wild perennial Triticeae species exhibiting many potentially favorable traits for wheat improvement. Wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids serve as a bridge to transfer desirable genes from Th. intermedium into common wheat. Results Three octoploid Trititrigia accessions (TE261–1, TE266–1, and TE346–1) with good resistances to stripe rust, powdery mildew and aphids were selected from hybrid progenies between Th. intermedium and the common wheat variety ‘Yannong 15’ (YN15). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multicolor GISH (McGISH) analyses demonstrated that the three octoploid Trititrigia possess 42 wheat chromosomes and 14 Th. intermedium chromosomes. The 14 alien (Th. intermedium) chromosomes belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St-genome chromosomes rather than a single J, JS or St genome. Different types of chromosomal structural variation were also detected in the 1A, 6A, 6B, 2D and 7D chromosomes via FISH, McGISH and molecular marker analysis. The identity of the alien chromosomes and the variationes in the wheat chromosomes in the three Trititrigia octoploids were also different. Conclusions The wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids possess 14 alien chromosomes which belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St- chromosomes, and 42 wheat chromosomes with different structural variations. These accessions could be used as genetic resources in wheat breeding for the transfer of disease and pest resistance genes from Th. intermedium to common wheat.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chromosomal Rearrangement in New Wheat—Thinopyrum intermedium Addition Lines Carrying Thinopyrum—Specific Grain Hardness Genes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Yu ◽  
Hongjin Wang ◽  
Yunfang Xu ◽  
Yongshang Li ◽  
Tao Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

The wild species, Thinopyrum intermedium. (Genome StStJSJSJJ), serves as a valuable germplasm resource providing novel genes for wheat improvement. In the current study, non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) with multiple probes and comparative molecular markers were applied to characterize two wheat-Th. intermedium chromosome additions. Sequential ND-FISH with new labeled Th. intermedium specific oligo-probes were used to precisely determine the chromosomal constitution of Th. intermedium, wheat—Th. intermedium partial amphiploids and addition lines Hy36 and Hy37. The ND-FISH results showed that the added JS-St translocated chromosomes in Hy36 had minor Oligo-5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) signals at the short arm, while a pair of J-St chromosomes in Hy37 had major Oligo-pTa71 and minor Oligo-5S rDNA signals. The 90K SNP array and PCR-based molecular markers that mapped on wheat linkage group 5 and 3 facilitated the identification of Thinopyrum chromosome introgressions in the addition lines, and confirmed that added chromosomes in Hy36 and Hy37 were 5JSS.3StS and 5JS.3StS, respectively. Complete coding sequences at the paralogous puroindoline-a (Pina) loci from Th. intermedium were cloned and localized on the short arm of chromosome 5JS of Hy36. Line Hy36 showed a reduction in the hardness index, which suggested that Th. intermedium-specific Pina gene sequences may be associated with the softness trait in wheat background. The molecular cytogenetic identification of novel wheat—Th. intermedium derivatives indicated that the frequent chromosome rearrangement occurred in the progenies of wheat-Thinopyrum hybridization. The new wheat-Thinopyrum derived lines may increase the genetic diversity for wheat breeding.

Generation and molecular marker and cytological characterization of wheat – Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum derivatives

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Chongmei Dong ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Smriti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Monosomic Additions ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

Cereal rye and its wild forms are important sources of genetic diversity for wheat breeding due to their resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) K. Hammer (SSA) is a weedy relative of cultivated rye, S. cereale. Meiotic chromosome pairing in F1 hybrids of SSA and S. cereale reveals strong genomic affinity between the two genomes. A study of the transferability of S. cereale sequence-based markers to SSA and hexaploid triticale demonstrated their applicability for tracing SSA chromatin in wheat. The transferability of the markers was over 80% from homoeologous groups 1, 2, and 3, and greater than 70% from groups 4 to 7. This study focused on the generation and molecular and cytogenetic characterization of wheat–SSA alien derivatives. Twelve were identified using combinations of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and molecular marker analysis. All SSA chromosomes, except 3Ra and 6Ra, were transferred to wheat either in the form of monosomic additions (MA), mono-telosomic additions (MtA), double-mono-telosomic additions (dMtA), or double-monosomic additions (dMA). The germplasm developed in this study will help to enhance the genetic base of wheat and facilitate molecular breeding of wheat and triticale.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and relationship with their genes in a common wheat variety

3 Biotech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Rang Beom ◽  
Jin Sun Kim ◽  
You-Ran Jang ◽  
Sun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Chang-Kug Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Common Wheat Variety

Promising spring common wheat variety Kinelskaya 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
E. A. Demina ◽  
A. I. Kincharov ◽  
T. Yu. Taranova ◽  
O. S. Mullayanova ◽  
K. Yu. Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Common Wheat Variety ◽  
Spring Common Wheat

Karyotyping Dasypyrum breviaristatum chromosomes with multiple oligonucleotide probes reveals the genomic divergence in Dasypyrum

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Yu ◽  
Hongjin Wang ◽  
Wenxi Jiang ◽  
Chengzhi Jiang ◽  
Weiguang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Partial Amphiploid ◽  
Standard Karyotype ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Dasypyrum Breviaristatum

The perennial species <i>Dasypyrum breviaristatum</i> (genome V<sup>b</sup>) contains many potentially valuable genes for the improvement of common wheat. Construction of a detailed karyotype of <i>D. breviaristatum</i> chromosomes will be useful for the detection of <i>Dasypyrum</i> chromatin in wheat background. We established the standard karyotype of 1V<sup>b</sup>-7V<sup>b</sup> chromosomes through non-denaturing fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (ND-FISH) technique using 28 oligonucleotide probes from the wheat-<i>D. breviaristatum</i> partial amphiploid TDH-2 (AABBV<sup>b</sup>V<sup>b</sup>) and newly identified wheat-<i>D. breviaristatum</i> disomic translocation and addition lines D2138 (6V<sup>b</sup>S.2V<sup>b</sup>L), D2547 (4V<sup>b</sup>) and D2532 (3V<sup>b</sup>S.6V<sup>b</sup>L) by comparative molecular marker analysis. The ND-FISH with multiple oligo probes were conducted on the durum wheat-<i>D. villosum</i> amphiploid TDV-1 and large karyotype differences between <i>D. breviaristatum</i> and <i>D. villosum</i> was revealed. These ND-FISH probes will be valuable for screening the wheat-<i>Dasypyrum</i> derivative lines for chromosome identification, and newly developed wheat-<i>D. breviaristatum</i> addition lines may broaden the gene pool of wheat breeding. The differences between <i>D. villosum</i> and <i>D. breviaristatum</i> chromosomes revealed by ND-FISH will help us understand evolutionary divergence of repetitive sequences within the genus <i>Dasypyrum</i>.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of two high protein wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyana Georgieva ◽  
Adél Sepsi ◽  
Nedyalka Tyankova ◽  
Márta Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN POLLEN QUARTETS OF COMMON WHEAT MONOSOMICS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morrison ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Common Wheat Variety

The frequency with which 20 different monosomes of the common wheat variety, Chinese Spring, formed micronuclei in pollen quartets was determined. It was found that unless the study was made at an early developmental stage characterized by a distinct cell wall surrounding the quartets, the counts were unreliable, because some micronuclei were lost. The frequency of micronucleus formation was similar for anthers of a floret, florets of a spike, and plants of a monosome. Among the monosomes studied, there were three groups of three and four of two in which the total frequency of quartets with micronuclei, and the distribution of numbers of micronuclei per quartet, were strikingly similar. In the case of the groups of three, two monosomes were from the A and B genomes while one was from the D genome. This is interpreted as evidence of homoeology of chromosomes of a group and also that such chromosomes have undergone less change than those that do not form such series.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids by meiotic analysis and genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
René Petroski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Chromosome constitution and origin analysis in three derivatives of Triticum aestivum – Leymus mollis by molecular cytogenetic identification

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Changyou Wang ◽  
Chunhuan Chen ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Zengrong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Disease Resistances ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) is an important tetraploid species in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) and a useful genetic resource for wheat breeding because of the stress tolerance and disease resistance of this species. The development of Triticum aestivum (common wheat) – L. mollis derivatives with desirable genes will provide valuable bridge materials for wheat improvement, especially regarding powdery mildew resistance genes, which are rarely documented in L. mollis. In the present study, three derivatives of common wheat cultivar 7182 and L. mollis, namely M47, M51, and M42, were subjected to chromosomal characterization via cytogenetic identification, the analysis of molecular markers, and genomic in situ hybridization. These derivatives were all morphologically and cytogenetically stable. M47 was highly resistant to powdery mildew and nearly immune to stripe rust at the adult stage, and the chromosome constitution of this derivative can be expressed as 2n = 56 = 42T.a + 14L.m (where T.a = T. aestivum chromosomes; L.m = L. mollis chromosomes). Compared to M47, M42 was also resistant to stripe rust but was susceptible to powdery mildew; the chromosome constitution of M42 was 2n = 54 = 42T.a + 12L.m, in which a pair of homoeologous group 7 L.m chromosomes was eliminated. Finally, M51 was susceptible to powdery mildew and stripe rust and had a chromosome constitution of 2n = 48 = 42T.a + 6L.m, in which four pairs of L.m chromosomes from homoeologous groups 2, 4, 5, and 7 were eliminated. The differing disease resistances of the three derivatives are discussed in this report in the context of their chromosomal variations; this information can thus contribute to breeding disease resistant wheat with the potential for applying these derivatives as useful bridge materials.

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