Macular Thickness and Volume Assessed by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study

Abstract Purpose: To quantify the retinal thickness and volume using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) analysis in the macular region of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In a comparative cross-sectional, observational study, patients recovered from COVID-19 were included. All included subjects had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Macular SD-OCT was performed at least two weeks after recovery from systemic COVID-19. Inner, outer and full retinal thicknesses and volumes were measured in COVID-19 recovered patients versus age-matched normal controls.Results: Twenty-five patients (11 male) with a mean age of 36.4 ± 11 years and 60 healthy controls (31 males) with a mean age of 39.3 ± 7.7 years were enrolled in the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal thickness or volume measures between the two groups. However, the thickness in the case group was minimally more than the controls. Conclusion: Retinal thickness in COVID-19 patients may be higher than healthy subjects. Comprehensive ocular examination with special focus on posterior segment manifestations should be considered in these patients.

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Macular and choroidal thicknesses in a healthy Hispanic population evaluated by high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous ◽

10.1186/s40942-020-00270-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diana A. Cortés ◽

Daniela Roca ◽

Pedro Iván Navarro ◽

Francisco J. Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Hispanic Population ◽

High Definition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose To report normal values of macular and choroidal thickness obtained from a healthy Hispanic population using Optovue (Optovue Inc, Freemont CA, USA) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Observational, cross-sectional, correlation study. Methods A total of 290 eyes (145 healthy subjects) were included; 69% of subjects were female. The median age was 39 ± 29 years (IQR), with a range between 18 and 89 years. The study sample was stratified into three age groups: Group 1, 18–40 years (50.3%), Group 2, 41–60 years (30.7%), and Group 3, older than 61 years (19%). Central macular, perifoveal (inner quadrants), and parafoveal (outer quadrants) thicknesses were estimated. In addition, central and peripheral choroidal thicknesses were estimated. Data analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference according to the variance (Student’s t-test) and its differences with Epidat 4.1. Results Median macular central thickness was 250 ±30 µm (IQR) with Optovue. Median central choroidal thickness was 263 ± 48 µm (IQR). Median central choroidal thickness was greater than mean peripheral thickness. Macular evaluation showed a statistically significant difference in central, perifoveal, and parafoveal thicknesses, with lower values being recorded for the study sample compared with the manufacturer’s data. Conclusions SD-OCT has become a useful tool to obtain high-resolution images of the macula and choroid. This method allows precise assessment of the retinal and choroidal layers to diagnose and follow up posterior segment diseases. We are reporting normal cut-off values of macular and choroidal thicknesses in healthy Hispanic subjects evaluated with Optovue SD-OCT as new diagnostic normal parameters for research and clinical activities.

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Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Morphofunctional Characterization of Dome-Shaped Maculopathy in Indian Population

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/8869455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Naresh Babu Kannan ◽

Sagnik Sen ◽

Prithviraj Udaya ◽

Obuli Ramachandran ◽

Kim Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Indian Population ◽

Subretinal Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Dome Height ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose. To study the clinicodemographic profile of dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM) eyes in the Indian population and characterization using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. This observational cross-sectional study included 25 eyes of 14 patients diagnosed with DSM. All eyes underwent SD-OCT for characterization of the dome profile and also to measure central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and dome height (DH) and to detect the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF). Results. The mean age of patients was 48.36 ± 14.23 years (range, 28–65 years). Eleven patients had bilateral involvement. Mean axial length of all eyes was 24.25 ± 1.95 mm and mean spherical equivalent −4.23 ± 3.79 DS. Overall, 11/25 eyes (44%) had round domes, 9/25 eyes (36%) had horizontal domes, and 5/25 eyes (20%) had vertical domes, with a mean dome height at fovea of 500.54 ± 291.58 µm. Vertical domes had higher DH compared to horizontal or combined domes p = 0.02 . Six eyes (6/25, 24%) showed the presence of SRF; 60% of vertical domes had SRF, and 22.2% of horizontal domes had SRF. The eyes having SRF had significantly higher CMT p = 0.017 and DH p = 0.001 , especially in horizontal domes p = 0.023 . The eyes with thicker SFCT tended to have higher DH and poorer visual acuity. Conclusion. Indian DSM eyes may have relatively lesser amounts of myopia. Choroidal thickening may play a role in development of DSM and may also be related to development of subretinal fluid in such eyes.

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Effects of Retinal Angiography on Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000381788 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 234 (3) ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Young-Joon Jo ◽

Hyung-Bin Lim ◽

Soo-Hyun Lee ◽

Jung-Yeul Kim

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽

Interclass Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of retinal angiography, using fluorescein and indocyanine green dyes, on optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Methods: In total, 76 eyes from 76 consecutive patients were included. Macular cube 512 × 128 combination scanning and optic disc 200 × 200 scanning using spectral-domain (SD)-OCT were performed twice, before and after retinal angiography, with fluorescein or indocyanine green. Signal strength, regional retinal thickness of the 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields, total macular volume, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness obtained before and after angiography were compared. Repeatability was also investigated. Results: Comparing the results of OCT measured before and after retinal angiography, there was no statistically significant difference in any parameter assessed. The interclass correlation values for each measurement were all >0.808 (range 0.808-0.999). Conclusion: Retinal angiography using fluorescein and indocyanine green dyes has no significant effect on OCT measurements.

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The Application of Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Diseases

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/9503795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Lian-Rong Yin

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Macular Diseases ◽

Sd Oct

The choroid plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various posterior segment diseases. However, traditional imaging methods still have limited cross-sectional observation of choroid. Enhanced depth imaging in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT) uses a closer scanning position to the eye to create an inverted SD-OCT image with the advantage of better depth sensitivity, which can observe choroidal structure and measure choroidal thickness (CT) accurately. At present, more and more choroidal thickness measurements have been made in normal and pathologic states, in order to understand the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, especially for macular lesions. This paper would review relevant original literatures published from January 1, 2008, to February 1, 2020, to evaluate the relationship between the changes of CT with EDI SD-OCT and macular diseases.

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Evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer, optic nerve head, and macular ganglion cell analysis measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Rahul Bhardwaj ◽

Sandeep Sharma ◽

Rachana Gaur ◽

Sindhuja Singh ◽

Prakhar Chaudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Early Glaucoma ◽

Glaucoma Detection ◽

Nerve Fibre Layer ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Sd Oct

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is very important to diagnose glaucoma in early stages so that timely management can be done. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), is a newer device which helps to diagnose glaucoma early. The aim of our study was to evaluate the RNFL, ONH, and mGCA (GCL+IPL) measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Methods: Total 30, POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) suspects were compared with 30 normal controls. The Cirrus HD-OCT optic disc cube 200 × 200 protocol was used to measure ONH, RNFL and macular parameters.Results: The average cpRNFL thickness of all quadrants was significantly lower in POAG suspects, (84.13±7.42 μm versus 103.85±8.95 μm, p<0.001). The superior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.75±2.60 μm and 80.05±1.74 μm, respectively, (p<0.001). The inferior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.98±2.59 μm and 80.00±1.79 μm, respectively, (p<0.001).Conclusions: The SD-OCT is an important device to diagnose POAG suspects, early. The GCA measurements and average RNFL (especially superior and inferior) measurements, both are equally good to discriminate between glaucoma suspects and normal controls.

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Retinal thickness among normal myopic Filipinos using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Asian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.35119/asjoo.v17i2.537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 156-169

Author(s):

Camille Elaine Zabala ◽

Jubaida Mangondato-Aquino ◽

Jose Ma. Martinez ◽

John Mark De Leon

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

High Myopia ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Pathologic Myopia ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Thickness Measurements ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose: To determine mean macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of myopic Filipinos using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate influence of age, gender, and degree of myopia. Design: Observational clinic-based cohort. Methods: Participants were divided into two groups: low-moderate myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) -0.50 D to -6.00 D] and high-pathologic myopia (SE < -6.00 D and AL > 26.5 mm). Subgroup analyses between low myopia (refraction < -3.00 D or less) and moderate myopia (> -3.00 D to -6.00 D), and high myopia (> -6.00 D to -8.00 D) and pathologic myopia (more than -8.00 D) were done. Macular and RNFL thickness were measured by a SD-OCT and axial length (AL) with non-contact biometry. Results: Of 156 eyes, 88/156 (56%) had low-moderate myopia, 68/156 (44%) had high-pathologic myopia. There were 67/156 (43%) male and 89/156 (57%) female subjects. Mean central foveal subfield thickness measurements were 264 ± 24 μm for low myopia, 258 ± 17 μm for moderate myopia, 253 ± 25 μm for high myopia, and 218 ± 48 μm for pathologic myopia. Mean RNFL thickness measurements were 105.62 ± 3.89 μmfor low myopia, 97.6 ± 2.45 μm for moderate myopia, 85.9 ± 3.87 μm for high myopia, and 75.14 ± 3.89 μm for pathologic myopia. Average SE (p < 0.0001) decreased while AL (p < 0.0001) increased with more myopia. Myopia and age significantly affected macular and RNFL thickness parameters except for the following where only the degree of myopia was a significant factor: central foveal, temporal parafoveal, nasal perifoveal, inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses. Conclusion: Retinal SD-OCT thickness measurements decreased with increasing level of myopia and age. Central foveal, temporal parafoveal, nasal perifoveal, inferior and nasal RNFL thicknesses may be more appropriate SD-OCT parameters among myopic Filipino patients to monitor for glaucoma since they may be less influenced by age.

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Relationships of Rheumatoid Factor with Thickness of Retina and Choroid in Subjects without Ocular Symptoms Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/5547533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Qingjian Li ◽

Yiwen Qian ◽

Sennan Xu ◽

Minjie Zhang ◽

Xu Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

Ocular Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. Researches have confirmed that the retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with autoimmune disease-associated uveitis displays significant changes. However, the relationships between rheumatoid factor (RF) and thickness of the retina and choroid in individuals without ocular manifestations remain unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the associations of RF with retinal and choroidal thickness. Methods. The individuals enrolled in the cross-sectional research received full ocular examinations. The participants were classified as the RF (+) group ( RF ≥ 15.0 IU/ml) and the RF (−) group ( RF < 15.0 IU/ml) according to the serum RF titers. The thickness of the retina and choroid was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Results. The study covered 65 right eyes of 65 individuals that are RF-positive and 130 right eyes of 130 age- and sex-matched individuals that are RF-negative. The RF (+) group showed decreased choroidal thickness that achieved statistical significance only in the outer inferior and outer temporal sectors, as compared to the RF (−) group. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the retinal thickness between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the RF was significantly negatively related to the choroidal thickness in all areas. However, there was no significant correlation between the RF and the retinal thickness. Conclusions. Serum RF titers are closely linked with choroidal thickness before the emergence of ocular symptoms. Research into the relationships may improve our understanding of the role of serum RF in the pathogenesis of uveitis.

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Outer Macular Microvascular Supply in Retinitis Pigmentosa Examined using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/5575851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mingsheng Hong ◽

Jiquan Wen ◽

Jixian Lou ◽

Jiehui Xu ◽

Tingjun Xu

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Defect Groups ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. To determine the vessel density of the superior (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexuses (DCP) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 25 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers and 30 eyes of 17 patients with RP were evaluated in this study. The integrity of the ellipsoid zone in the macular fovea was evaluated as an intact or defect using a spectral-domain OCT. Commercial spectral domain coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to scan the macular region of approximately 3 × 3 mm2. The vessel density in the SCP and DCP were calculated after appropriate layer segmentation and removal of projection artifacts. The central retinal thickness (CRT) was measured with automated software. The vessel densities in the SCP and DCP were compared between different groups using SPSS. Results. A total of 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects and 30 eyes of 17 patients with RP were evaluated in the study. There was no significant difference in ages between the two groups (F = 0.065 and P = 0.937 ). There was a significant difference in SCP and DCP between the patients with RP and healthy individuals ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 ). The DCP was significantly reduced in the parafovea region between the macular intact and defect groups P < 0.05 , except in the fovea and nasal regions. After linear regression, the DCP/SCP ratio in the whole, fovea, and parafovea regions was closely related to the DCP vessel density P < 0.05 , and CRT in the fovea and parafovea was not related to the whole DCP ( P = 0.186 and P = 0.539 ). Conclusion. The vessel density decreased in patients with RP, especially in the DCP of the parafovea region. A greater loss of capillaries in the DCP was found when the macular region was involved. The DCP/SCP ratio may be an important indicator of RP.

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Choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnancy

10.21203/rs.2.163/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Hong ◽

Xin Meng ◽

Xinxiao Gao ◽

Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Healthy Pregnancy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Background: Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to investigate choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia (PE) and healthy pregnancy. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study, including 20 normal subjects, 23 healthy pregnancy and 37 patients with PE. Using SD-OCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)， 750μm nasal and temporal to the fovea, 1500μm nasal and temporal to the fovea（T1500, T750, SFCT, N750, N1500）and sublayers (choriocapillaris/Sattler layer and Haller layer) were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in mean age, spherical equivalent among the three groups (P=0.532). Additionally, no significant difference in the gestational age between the healthy pregnancy and PE group was found (P=0.783). Significant differences were seen in large choroid vessel thickness(LCVT), medium choroidal vessel thickness (MCVT) and choroidal thickness (CT) at 5 locations among three groups (P<0.05). There was significant increase in healthy pregnancy group than in normal subjects at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT and MCVT (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed at T1500CT and LCVT (P>0.05). Meanwhile, significant increase was detected in PE group than in healthy pregnancy group at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT, T1500CT and LCVT (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed at MCVT(P=0.709). Conclusion: Our study revealed the variation of choroidal vascular sublayers during pregnancy and PE. Key words: Pre-eclampsia, subfoveal choroidal thickness, choroidal sublayers, optical coherence tomography

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Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in relation to C-Reactive Protein on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/6628224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dawei Fang ◽

Qingjian Li ◽

Ke Yan ◽

Sennan Xu ◽

Jing Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. To evaluate the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) and retinal and choroidal thickness by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods. The participants included in the prospective cross-sectional study underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Based on the CRP values, the subjects were divided into the CRP (+) group ( CRP ≥ 8.2 mg/L) and the CRP (−) group ( CRP < 8.2 mg/L). The retinal and choroidal thickness was compared between the two groups. Results. This study enrolled 43 right eyes of 43 subjects from the CRP (+) group and 86 right eyes of 86 gender- and age-match subjects from the CRP (−) group. The choroidal thickness in the CRP (+) group was thinner than that in the CRP (−) group except for the outer nasal sector of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. However, the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal sector showed a significant difference. According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, the CRP was significantly negatively correlated with the choroidal thickness in all sectors and the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal and outer nasal sectors of the ETDRS grid. Conclusion. CRP levels are associated with retinal and choroidal thickness. The data related to the retinal and choroidal thickness changes may help understand the pathogenesis of specific ocular abnormalities in patients with systemic inflammation.

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