Choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnancy

Abstract Background: Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to investigate choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia (PE) and healthy pregnancy. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study, including 20 normal subjects, 23 healthy pregnancy and 37 patients with PE. Using SD-OCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)， 750μm nasal and temporal to the fovea, 1500μm nasal and temporal to the fovea（T1500, T750, SFCT, N750, N1500）and sublayers (choriocapillaris/Sattler layer and Haller layer) were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in mean age, spherical equivalent among the three groups (P=0.532). Additionally, no significant difference in the gestational age between the healthy pregnancy and PE group was found (P=0.783). Significant differences were seen in large choroid vessel thickness(LCVT), medium choroidal vessel thickness (MCVT) and choroidal thickness (CT) at 5 locations among three groups (P<0.05). There was significant increase in healthy pregnancy group than in normal subjects at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT and MCVT (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed at T1500CT and LCVT (P>0.05). Meanwhile, significant increase was detected in PE group than in healthy pregnancy group at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT, T1500CT and LCVT (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed at MCVT(P=0.709). Conclusion: Our study revealed the variation of choroidal vascular sublayers during pregnancy and PE. Key words: Pre-eclampsia, subfoveal choroidal thickness, choroidal sublayers, optical coherence tomography

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Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in relation to C-Reactive Protein on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/6628224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Dawei Fang ◽

Qingjian Li ◽

Ke Yan ◽

Sennan Xu ◽

Jing Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. To evaluate the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) and retinal and choroidal thickness by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods. The participants included in the prospective cross-sectional study underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Based on the CRP values, the subjects were divided into the CRP (+) group ( CRP ≥ 8.2 mg/L) and the CRP (−) group ( CRP < 8.2 mg/L). The retinal and choroidal thickness was compared between the two groups. Results. This study enrolled 43 right eyes of 43 subjects from the CRP (+) group and 86 right eyes of 86 gender- and age-match subjects from the CRP (−) group. The choroidal thickness in the CRP (+) group was thinner than that in the CRP (−) group except for the outer nasal sector of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. However, the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal sector showed a significant difference. According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, the CRP was significantly negatively correlated with the choroidal thickness in all sectors and the retinal thickness only in the inner temporal and outer nasal sectors of the ETDRS grid. Conclusion. CRP levels are associated with retinal and choroidal thickness. The data related to the retinal and choroidal thickness changes may help understand the pathogenesis of specific ocular abnormalities in patients with systemic inflammation.

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Macular and choroidal thicknesses in a healthy Hispanic population evaluated by high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous ◽

10.1186/s40942-020-00270-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diana A. Cortés ◽

Daniela Roca ◽

Pedro Iván Navarro ◽

Francisco J. Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Hispanic Population ◽

High Definition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose To report normal values of macular and choroidal thickness obtained from a healthy Hispanic population using Optovue (Optovue Inc, Freemont CA, USA) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Observational, cross-sectional, correlation study. Methods A total of 290 eyes (145 healthy subjects) were included; 69% of subjects were female. The median age was 39 ± 29 years (IQR), with a range between 18 and 89 years. The study sample was stratified into three age groups: Group 1, 18–40 years (50.3%), Group 2, 41–60 years (30.7%), and Group 3, older than 61 years (19%). Central macular, perifoveal (inner quadrants), and parafoveal (outer quadrants) thicknesses were estimated. In addition, central and peripheral choroidal thicknesses were estimated. Data analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference according to the variance (Student’s t-test) and its differences with Epidat 4.1. Results Median macular central thickness was 250 ±30 µm (IQR) with Optovue. Median central choroidal thickness was 263 ± 48 µm (IQR). Median central choroidal thickness was greater than mean peripheral thickness. Macular evaluation showed a statistically significant difference in central, perifoveal, and parafoveal thicknesses, with lower values being recorded for the study sample compared with the manufacturer’s data. Conclusions SD-OCT has become a useful tool to obtain high-resolution images of the macula and choroid. This method allows precise assessment of the retinal and choroidal layers to diagnose and follow up posterior segment diseases. We are reporting normal cut-off values of macular and choroidal thicknesses in healthy Hispanic subjects evaluated with Optovue SD-OCT as new diagnostic normal parameters for research and clinical activities.

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Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/591845 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Riham S. H. M. Allam ◽

Rania A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Air Bubble ◽

Inner Diameter

Purpose. To study features of the lower punctum in normal subjects using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD AS-OCT).Methods. Observational cross-sectional study that included 147 punctae (76 subjects). Punctae were evaluated clinically for appearance, position, and size. AS-OCT was used to evaluate the punctal shape, contents, and junction with the vertical canaliculus. Inner and outer diameters as well as depth were measured.Results. 24 males and 52 females (mean age44±14.35 y) were included. Lower punctum was perceived by OCT to be an area with an outer diameter (mean412.16±163 μm), inner diameter (mean233.67±138.73 μm), and depth (mean251.7±126.58 μm). The OCT measured outer punctum diameter was significantly less than that measured clinically (P: 0.000). Seven major shapes were identified. The junction with the vertical canaliculus was detectable in 44%. Fluid was detected in 34%, one of which had an air bubble; however, 63% of punctae showed no contents and 4% had debris.Conclusions. AS-OCT can be a useful tool in understanding the anatomy of the punctum and distal lacrimal system as well as tear drainage physiology. Measuring the punctum size may play a role in plugs fitting.

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Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Morphofunctional Characterization of Dome-Shaped Maculopathy in Indian Population

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/8869455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Naresh Babu Kannan ◽

Sagnik Sen ◽

Prithviraj Udaya ◽

Obuli Ramachandran ◽

Kim Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Indian Population ◽

Subretinal Fluid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Dome Height ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose. To study the clinicodemographic profile of dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM) eyes in the Indian population and characterization using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. This observational cross-sectional study included 25 eyes of 14 patients diagnosed with DSM. All eyes underwent SD-OCT for characterization of the dome profile and also to measure central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and dome height (DH) and to detect the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF). Results. The mean age of patients was 48.36 ± 14.23 years (range, 28–65 years). Eleven patients had bilateral involvement. Mean axial length of all eyes was 24.25 ± 1.95 mm and mean spherical equivalent −4.23 ± 3.79 DS. Overall, 11/25 eyes (44%) had round domes, 9/25 eyes (36%) had horizontal domes, and 5/25 eyes (20%) had vertical domes, with a mean dome height at fovea of 500.54 ± 291.58 µm. Vertical domes had higher DH compared to horizontal or combined domes p = 0.02 . Six eyes (6/25, 24%) showed the presence of SRF; 60% of vertical domes had SRF, and 22.2% of horizontal domes had SRF. The eyes having SRF had significantly higher CMT p = 0.017 and DH p = 0.001 , especially in horizontal domes p = 0.023 . The eyes with thicker SFCT tended to have higher DH and poorer visual acuity. Conclusion. Indian DSM eyes may have relatively lesser amounts of myopia. Choroidal thickening may play a role in development of DSM and may also be related to development of subretinal fluid in such eyes.

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Measurement of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000371899 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 233 (3-4) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ece Turan-Vural ◽

Nursal Yenerel ◽

Murat Okutucu ◽

Elvin Yildiz ◽

Nejla Dikmen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Background/Aim: Pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome is associated with blood flow disturbances; however, its exact effect on choroidal blood flow and thickness remains to be elucidated. This study compared subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal eyes and in eyes with PSX using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 35 eyes of 35 patients (20 males, 15 females) with unilateral or bilateral PSX and 26 eyes of 26 healthy volunteers (13 males, 13 females). Besides a comprehensive ocular and physical examination, all subjects underwent EDI-OCT examination using an Optovue RTVue OCT device (Optovue Inc., Fremont, Calif., USA). Results: The mean choroidal thickness (CT) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were lower in the PSX group than in the healthy controls (249.4 ± 46.3 vs. 282.5 ± 55.8 µm, p = 0.014 and 40.7 ± 5.8 vs. 44.3 ± 4.3 mm Hg, p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure measurements were lower among the PSX patients. However, no correlation was found between CT and OPP. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that PSX is associated with an overall thinning of the subfoveal choroid and a significant decrease in OPP. Future studies are warranted to further examine these relations.

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Macular Thickness and Volume Assessed by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-133611/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Abrishami ◽

Fariba Tohidinezhad ◽

Zahra Emamverdian ◽

Ramin Daneshvar ◽

Neda Saeedian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Case Group ◽

Special Focus ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose: To quantify the retinal thickness and volume using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) analysis in the macular region of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In a comparative cross-sectional, observational study, patients recovered from COVID-19 were included. All included subjects had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Macular SD-OCT was performed at least two weeks after recovery from systemic COVID-19. Inner, outer and full retinal thicknesses and volumes were measured in COVID-19 recovered patients versus age-matched normal controls.Results: Twenty-five patients (11 male) with a mean age of 36.4 ± 11 years and 60 healthy controls (31 males) with a mean age of 39.3 ± 7.7 years were enrolled in the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal thickness or volume measures between the two groups. However, the thickness in the case group was minimally more than the controls. Conclusion: Retinal thickness in COVID-19 patients may be higher than healthy subjects. Comprehensive ocular examination with special focus on posterior segment manifestations should be considered in these patients.

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The Application of Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Diseases

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/9503795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Lian-Rong Yin

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depth Imaging ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Macular Diseases ◽

Sd Oct

The choroid plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various posterior segment diseases. However, traditional imaging methods still have limited cross-sectional observation of choroid. Enhanced depth imaging in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT) uses a closer scanning position to the eye to create an inverted SD-OCT image with the advantage of better depth sensitivity, which can observe choroidal structure and measure choroidal thickness (CT) accurately. At present, more and more choroidal thickness measurements have been made in normal and pathologic states, in order to understand the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, especially for macular lesions. This paper would review relevant original literatures published from January 1, 2008, to February 1, 2020, to evaluate the relationship between the changes of CT with EDI SD-OCT and macular diseases.

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Macular perfusion density evaluation in constant and intermittent exotropia by means of optical coherence tomography angiography

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02006-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhai ◽

Wei Fang ◽

Xueting Yu ◽

Xinjie Ye ◽

Lijie Hou

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Intermittent Exotropia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Perfusion Density

Abstract Background To quantify and compare retinal microvascular features using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in constant (XT) and intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. OCTA examination was performed to evaluate the macular perfusion density of the deep capillary plexus (DCP), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in XT and IXT patients, and in age-matched controls. The study parameters were analyzed. Results A total of 76 participants, including 16 (21%) XT patients, 24 (32%) IXT patients, and 36 (47%) controls, were recruited. The exodeviation angle was 39.06 ± 10.38 prism degrees (PD) at near and 43.00 ± 9.74 PD at distance in the XT group, and 27.13 ± 18.28 PD at near and 31.04 ± 18.82 PD at distance in the IXT group. The macular perfusion density of the DCP in 6 × 6-mm scans and the SCP in 3 × 3-mm scans were lower in the deviating eyes than in the fixating eyes of XT patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.032, respectively). The macular perfusion density of the DCP in the deviating eyes of XT and IXT patients was significantly lower than that of the controls. There was no significant difference in the FAZ parameters among the groups. Conclusions In XT patients, OCTA revealed lower macular perfusion density in deviating eyes than in fixating eyes and control eyes. IXT patients showed no difference between the two eyes, but the macular perfusion density of the DCP was lower than that of the controls.

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Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/20587392211059060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 205873922110590

Author(s):

Kürşad Ramazan Zor ◽

Gamze Yıldırım Biçer ◽

Nesrin Tutaş Günaydın ◽

Erkut Küçük ◽

Uğur Yılmaz

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Objectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 ± 7,046 μm ( p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 ± 6,353 μm ( p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 ± 6,324 μm ( p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 ± 1.30 μm ( p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 ± 9,033 μm ( p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 ± 9,457 μm ( p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 ± 9,158 μm ( p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 ± 1,289 μm ( p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

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Characterizing right-angled vessel in macular telangiectasia type 2 with structural optical coherence tomography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96789-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoo-Ri Chung ◽

Young Ho Kim ◽

Jaeryung Oh ◽

Seong-Woo Kim ◽

Christopher Seungkyu Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Macular Telangiectasia ◽

Advanced Phase ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Sd Oct

AbstractWe investigated the structural findings on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) related to the presence of right-angled vessels (RAV) in patients with macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 with severity 3 in Korea. A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Korea; the study included 116 MacTel type 2 eyes with severity 3. The SD-OCT findings were compared between eyes with RAV on fundus photography or fluorescein angiography and those without RAV. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with the presence of RAV. Fifty eyes presented with RAV and 61 eyes without RAV. More eyes presented with only inner retinal (IR) cavities on SD-OCT among eyes without RAV than among those with RAV (P < 0.001). However, eyes with RAV presented with IR disorganization, outer retinal (OR) cavity, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption more frequently than eyes without RAV did (all P < 0.001). These SD-OCT findings were significantly associated with the presence of RAV. The presence of RAV was closely related to IR disorganization, OR cavities, and EZ disruption on SD-OCT. These findings suggest an advanced phase of MacTel type 2.

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