scholarly journals Pivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Adachi ◽  
Makoto Ozawa ◽  
Satoshi Yagi ◽  
Makoto Seita ◽  
Shigeru Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Ecology ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Scarab Beetle ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Trypoxylus Dichotomus ◽  
Excavation Methods ◽  
Larval Movement

Abstract Many organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length. Hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we established the observation and analysis system of larval movement and found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods. These results are important for understanding the soil ecology and pose a challenge to engineer of newer excavation technology.

scholarly journals Pivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Adachi ◽  
Makoto Ozawa ◽  
Satoshi Yagi ◽  
Makoto Seita ◽  
Shigeru Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Ecology ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Scarab Beetle ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Trypoxylus Dichotomus ◽  
Excavation Methods ◽  
Larval Movement

AbstractMany organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length. Hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we established the observation and analysis system of larval movement and found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods. These results are important for understanding the soil ecology and pose a challenge to engineer of newer excavation technology.

scholarly journals Pivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Adachi ◽  
Makoto Ozawa ◽  
Satoshi Yagi ◽  
Makoto Seita ◽  
Shigeru Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Scarab Beetle ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Trypoxylus Dichotomus ◽  
Excavation Methods

Abstract Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length; hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods.

CHAETOPHLEPSIS NASELLENSIS, A DIPTEROUS PARASITOID OF THE WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128
Author(s):  
Richard D. Medley ◽  
V. M. Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Western Hemlock Looper ◽  
Lambdina Fiscellaria Lugubrosa ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractPreserved material from 1962 field studies provided information on the habits and morphology of the tachinid parasitoid Chaetophlepsis nasellensis Reinhard. Parasitization of the larvae of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), continues over a 30- to 40-day period. Maggots issue from the host larvae and drop to the ground to pupate. The pupae normally overwinter, with adults emerging the following spring or summer. The early first-instar larva differs markedly from the late first-instar. The three instars can be distinguished on the basis of body length and the structure and form of the buccopharyngeal apparatus. The first and third larval instars and the puparium are distinctive enough to permit easy identification during studies of the western hemlock looper and associated loopers.

Psychophysical Properties of the Trunk Midline

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Spidalieri ◽  
Roberto Sgolastra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Anterior Trunk ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects

Spidalieri, Giuseppe and Roberto Sgolastra. Psychophysical properties of the trunk midline. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 545–549, 1997. This study was carry out to obtain direct evidence that the body midline actually is perceived and to assess some psychophysical properties of this line. Twelve normal, right-handed male subjects were asked to make accurate pointing movements toward the midline of the anterior trunk on the basis of their mental representation of this line. Each hand was used to point while the head was either aligned with the trunk or tilted 30° to the right or left. Analysis of end-positions of pointing on trunk images acquired by an image analysis system indicated that the trunk midline indeed is perceived as a straight line. Three putative trunk midlines were taken into consideration on the basis of anatomic landmarks, and it was found that the mental representation of the trunk midline came nearest to the line orthogonal to the intermammary line crossing its midpoint. The performing hand and the position of the head relative to the trunk both had an effect on the mental representation of the trunk midline. These findings suggest that somatosensory signals from the trunk, as well as proprioceptive input from the neck, contribute to the elaboration of the subject's mental representation of the trunk midline.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: II. Morphometric methods

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J.R. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Log File ◽  
Analysis System

An innovative method was used to collect data for morphometric analysis of synaptic measurements. Negatives of the CA3 region of the hippocampus were obtained as described by Andrews et al., 1990, and evaluated by computersupported image analysis. Negatives of 4000X and 40,000X magnification were used to measure synaptic density and width, respectively. The image analysis system (IAS) used an IBM-AT compatible computer with a frame grabber (Imaging Research Inc.). This particular system can measure either straight line distance (rubber line) or curved two point distances (draw line).For synaptic density, the IAS was calibrated in angstroms at a magnification of 4000X. A log file was created for each negative in which the measurement for each synapse was stored. The negative was placed on a transparency with grids 9 mm square to ensure that the entire negative was scanned. The image was displayed on a multicsync monitor using a high resolution camera (Applied Intelligent Systems Inc.). When a synapse came into view, the image was digitized on the monitor (Fig. 1 A and B) and stored in digital form.

Determination of Larval Instars of Semanotus bifasciatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Based on Frequency Distributions of Morphological Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Yongxin Geng ◽  
Danfeng Wei ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Mandible Length ◽  
Morphological Variables

Abstract Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive pests of Platycladus trees in China. Morphological measurements, such as head capsule (HC) width, can be very useful and practical indicators for identifying larval instars of coleopteran species. In this study, six morphological variables, including HC width, pronotum width, mandible length and width, and body length and width were measured to determine the instars of field-collected larvae of S. bifasciatus. Both the HC width and pronotum width were reliable parameters for determining the instar and stage. Larvae of S. bifasciatus were divided into eight instars; we detected strong relationships between larval instar and both the HC width (R2 = 0.9640) and pronotum width (R2 = 0.9549). The ranges of body widths and lengths for each instar are provided as reference values for distinguishing among larval stages in field investigations.

THE LARVAL INSTARS OF THE BLACK FLIES STEGOPTERNA MUTATA AND SIMULIUM VITTATUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Simulium Vittatum

AbstractThe six larval instars of Stegopterna mutata (Malloch) and seven larval instars of Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt can be definitively separated by differences in postgenal length, body length, and number of primary cephalic fan rays. Counts of the number of rows of hooks and hooks/row in the anal circlet were inconclusive in separating all instars of either species.

INFORMATION ACQUISITION IN DESERT ANT NAVIGATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN GAO ◽  
LEI WANG ◽  
MEI BO ◽  
ZHIGUO FAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Visual Navigation ◽  
Desert Ant ◽  
Navigation Path ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Ant Navigation

Desert ant (Cataglyphis) is famous for its ability in navigation. In deserts with very few visual and odor information, the ant can return to its den almost along a straight line after foraging away in a distance of much more than thousands of times longer than its body length. Several kinds of information must be acquired during its trip, and the most important two are: path integration and visual navigation. Path integration is achieved by using sky light compass based on polarized light and odometer, while visual navigation relies on landmark based memory and matching. In this paper, a survey of research work on desert ant navigation from the viewpoint of information acquisition and fusion is presented, as well as the application of these kinds of information to navigate robots, especially bionic robots cruising in strange environment.

scholarly journals Liquefaction alarm prototype using arduino uno microcontroller

2021 ◽  
Vol 2126 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
S Saehana ◽  
A Lala
Keyword(s):  
Physics Education ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Movement Monitoring

Abstract This study aims to create an alarm tool that can detect disasters such as earthquakes and liquefaction in Palu City. It was laboratory research conducted in Sub department of Physics Education, Tadulako University. Research and experiments with modelling tools were conducted to simulate soil conditions during the earthquake and liquefaction. The research sample was focused on soil samples that have been affected by liquefaction disasters. The method used was the waterfall with the procedures of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing of Arduino programs and software as ground movement monitoring. This study indicated that a liquefaction alarm prototype using a microcontroller component in the form of Arduino Uno, soil moisture sensor, and MPU6050 sensor could detect a natural liquefaction disaster was signed by a siren sound.

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