scholarly journals Estimating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and analysis of HIV PrEP needs among men who have sex with men in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Marcus ◽  
Daniel Schmidt ◽  
Susanne Barbara Schink ◽  
Uwe Koppe
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Data on PrEP use in Germany is not collected systematically. We aim to estimate the number of PrEP users among men having sex with men (MSM) and describe PrEP use in Germany from 2017 through 2020. Moreover, we analyse whether PrEP needs expressed in 2017 could have been met by the expansion of PrEP until 2020. We estimated the number of PrEP users using drug prescription data, information on on-demand/intermittent PrEP use from online surveys, and number of online profiles indicating PrEP use, based on varying assumptions about the proportion of on-demand/intermittent and daily PrEP users and on the average number of PrEP pills used. Factors associated with intention to use PrEP were identified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis among respondents to an online survey. We estimated the number of MSM in need for PrEP in 2017 based on four groups defined among the survey respondents, combining respondents intending to use PrEP and respondents indicating substantial sexual risks. We used data and assumptions on self-selection biases to estimate a range for the absolute size of these groups among gay men in Germany. Depending on assumptions, we estimated a total of 15,600 to 21,600 PrEP users in Germany by the end of June 2020, which corresponds to between 40 and 55% of men with the intention to use PrEP in 2017. Distributions of PrEP users from different data sources and PrEP prescriptions by federal state in Germany were highly correlated, except for major deviations for Berlin with a higher proportion of prescriptions in Berlin compared to the proportion of survey participants using PrEP. A correlation between the regional distribution of intention to use PrEP in 11/2017 and actual PrEP use by 06/2020 suggested an unequal regional distribution of unsatisfied needs. The number of men with unmet PrEP needs ranged between 27,500 and 93,000 in 06/2020. PrEP use in Germany has increased considerably between 10/2017 and 06/2020, but large regional inequalities persist. Results suggested that PrEP is not fully accessible and that there is a need to expand services and encourage demand.

scholarly journals Estimating HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and analysis of HIV PrEP needs among men who have sex with men in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Marcus ◽  
Daniel Schmidt ◽  
Susanne B. Schink ◽  
Uwe Koppe
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Data on PrEP use in Germany is not collected systematically. We aim to estimate the number of PrEP users among men having sex with men (MSM) and describe PrEP use in Germany from 2017 through 2020. Moreover, we analyse whether PrEP needs expressed in 2017 could have been met by the expansion of PrEP until 2020.Methods: We estimated the number of PrEP users using drug prescription data, information on on-demand/intermittent PrEP use from online surveys, and number of online profiles indicating PrEP use, based on varying assumptions about the proportion of on-demand/intermittent and daily PrEP users and on the average number of PrEP pills used. Factors associated with intention to use PrEP were identified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis among respondents to an online survey. We estimated the number of MSM in need for PrEP in 2017 based on four groups defined among the survey respondents, combining respondents intending to use PrEP and respondents indicating substantial sexual risks. We used data and assumptions on self-selection biases to estimate a range for the absolute size of these groups among gay men in Germany.Results: Depending on assumptions, we estimated a total of 15,600 to 21,600 PrEP users in Germany by the end of June 2020, which corresponds to between 40 and 55% of men with the intention to use PrEP in 2017. Distributions of PrEP users from different data sources and PrEP prescriptions by federal state in Germany were highly correlated, except for major deviations for Berlin with a higher proportion of prescriptions in Berlin compared to the proportion of survey participants using PrEP. A correlation between the regional distribution of intention to use PrEP in 11/2017 and actual PrEP use by 06/2020 suggested an unequal regional distribution of unsatisfied needs. The number of men with unmet PrEP needs ranged between 27,500 and 93,000 in 06/2020.Conclusions: PrEP use in Germany has increased considerably between 10/2017 and 06/2020, but large regional inequalities persist. Results suggested that PrEP is not fully accessible and that there is a need to expand services and encourage demand.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) needs and PrEP use among men who have sex with men in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Marcus ◽  
Daniel Schmidt ◽  
Susanne B. Schink ◽  
Uwe Koppe
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Sexual Risks ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Aims:We aim to estimate the number of PrEP users among men having sex with men (MSM) in Germany from 2017 through 2020, and analyse if PrEP needs expressed in 2017 might have been met by the expansion of PrEP until 2020.Subject and Methods:We estimated the number of PrEP users by using drug prescription data and information on on-demand/intermittent PrEP use from online surveys to determine the proportion of on-demand/intermittent and daily PrEP use as well as the average number of PrEP pills used.The number of MSM in need of PrEP in 2017 was estimated based on four groups defined among respondents to a large online survey, combining respondents with PrEP use intention and respondents indicating substantial sexual risks. The size of each group was estimated based on self-selection biases. MSM with PrEP need in 2017 were compared with the estimated number of persons taking PrEP by June 2020.Results:We estimated a total of 15,600 to 21,600 PrEP users in Germany by the end of June 2020, corresponding to 40-55% of men with PrEP use intention in 2017. A correlation between the regional distribution of PrEP use intention in 11/2017 and actual PrEP use by 06/2020 suggested an unequal regional distribution of unsatisfied needs. The number of men with unmet PrEP needs ranged between 27,500 and 93,000 in 06/2020.Conclusion:PrEP use in Germany has increased considerably between 10/2017 and 06/2020, but large regional inequalities persist. PrEP is not yet readily accessible and there is a need to expand services and encourage uptake.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in a Sample of Italian Men Who Have SEX with MEN (MSM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Gianluca Voglino ◽  
Maria Rosaria Gualano ◽  
Stefano Rousset ◽  
Pietro Forghieri ◽  
Isabella Fraire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is suitable for high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection risk people, foremost among whom are males who have sex with other males (MSM). This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding PrEP in a sample of Italian MSM, in order to hypothesize strategies to implement PrEP awareness and use. No previous study has assessed this issue; Methods: An online survey was given to an opportunistic sample of Italian MSM. The questionnaire investigated sexual behaviour and habits, HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge and PrEP awareness, attitudes and practices. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with PrEP knowledge; Results: A total of 196 MSM participated in this survey. Overall data showed that 87.2% of participants knew what PrEP is, but only 7.5% have ever used it. The main reason for not using PrEP was the cost of the therapy (26.9%). The principal source of PrEP information was the Internet (68.4%). Being regularly tested for HIV was significantly associated with PrEP knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AdjOR) = 3.16; confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–9.29); Conclusions: Knowledge regarding PrEP was well established, but PrEP use was not equally widespread. It is necessary to improve research on PrEP usage in order to PrEP access to be granted.

scholarly journals Association between Health Practice and Food Stockpiling for Disaster

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Moeka Harada ◽  
Rie Kobayashi ◽  
Jun Oka ◽  
Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Good Score

In this study investigated the association between health practices and food stockpiling for disasters in predicted areas with a high risk of food shortage due to the Nankai Trough earthquake. A survey was conducted during 18–20 December 2019 using a self-administered web-based questionnaire. In total, 1200 individuals registered with an online survey company participated in the study. The association between health practices and food stockpiling status was analyzed (n = 998). 59.1% of participants had a poor Breslow’s seven health practice scores (BHPS), 32.9% had a moderate score, and 8.0% had a good score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher BHPS had a significantly higher prevalence of food stockpiling. Additionally, the interrupted group had the highest percentage of participants with low BHPS. Lower BHPS was significantly associated with interrupted stockpiled in the adjusted models. Among the seven health practices, the odds ratio of the “eating breakfast” practice was high. There was a significant positive association between higher health practice scores and food stockpiling for disasters in areas with a high risk of food shortage due to the predicted earthquake. Particularly, it was clarified that individuals who had fewer good health practices were associated with ending up interrupting food stockpiling.

scholarly journals A Network Approach for the Study of Drug Prescriptions: Analysis of Administrative Records from a Local Health Unit (ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Gianluca Miglio ◽  
Lara Basso ◽  
Lucrezia G. Armando ◽  
Sara Traina ◽  
Elisa Benetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Local Health Unit ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Edge Linking ◽  
Novel Approach

In a Drug Prescription Network (DPN), each drug is represented as a node and two drugs co-prescribed to the same patient are represented as an edge linking the nodes. The use of DPNs is a novel approach that has been proposed as a means to study the complexity of drug prescription. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the analytical power of the DPN-based approach when it is applied to the analysis of administrative data. Drug prescription data that were collected at a local health unit (ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Italy), over a 12-month period (July 2018–June 2019), were used to create several DPNs that correspond to the five levels of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. A total of 5,431,335 drugs prescribed to 361,574 patients (age 0–100 years; 54.7% females) were analysed. As indicated by our results, the DPNs were dense networks, with giant components that contain all nodes. The disassortative mixing of node degrees was observed, which implies that non-random connectivity exists in the networks. Network-based methods have proven to be a flexible and efficient approach to the analysis of administrative data on drug prescription.

Feasibility of Indirect Secondary Distribution of HIV Self-Test Kits via WeChat Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shangcao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Tianyi Lu ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Secondary Distribution ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND The use of HIV self-test (HST) kits is commonplace in key sexually active populations. The direct secondary distribution of HST kits (DSDHK) is effective in improving the uptake of HIV self-testing. However, there are concerns about various limitations of DSDHK, including limited geographic location, payment problems, and face-to-face interaction. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the feasibility and characteristics of the indirect secondary distribution of HST kits (ISDHK) via WeChat (distributing HST application links and follow-up HST kits to partners) among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS From October 2017 to September 2019, an HIV self-testing (HIVST) recruitment advertisement was disseminated on the WeChat social media platform to invite MSM to apply for HST kits (referred to as “index participants” [Ips]). All of the MSM participants were encouraged to distribute the HST application link to their friends and sexual partners (referred to as “Alters”) through their social networks. All Alters were further encouraged to continue to distribute the HST application link. All participants paid a deposit (USD 7), refundable upon completion of the questionnaire and uploading of the test result via an online survey system. RESULTS 2,263 MSM met the criteria and successfully applied for HST. Of these, 1,816 participants returned their HST test results, including 1,422 (88.3%) IPs and 394 (21.7%) Alters. Compared with the IPs, the Alters practiced more condomless anal intercourse (CAI), a higher proportion of them never previously had an HIV test, and they had a greater willingness to distribute HST kits to sexual partners (all p < 0.05). After controlling for age, education, and income, the Alters had a greater proportion of MSM who had never tested for HIV before (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.68), were more willing to distribute the HST application link (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.21–2.40), had a lower number of sexual partners (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.90), and were less likely to search for sexual partners via online means (aOR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.60–1.02). In comparison, the rates of reactive HST results, conducting HIV confirmatory tests, HIV seropositivity, and initiation of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) were similar for IPs and Alters. CONCLUSIONS The ISDHK mode of distributing HST application links via social media is feasible among the MSM population. The ISDHK mode should be used to supplement the DSDHK mode in order to enable a greater proportion of the MSM population to know their HIV infection status.

Exploring Determinants Influencing the Intention to Use Mobile Payment Service

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira F. A. Mahran ◽  
Hala M. Labib Enaba
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Egyptian Culture

Mobile services are becoming increasingly commonplace in everyday life; however, Mobile payment (M-payment) is not among frequently used mobile services. The slowness of the diffusion of this service is the point of departure of the current research. The authors discuss why consumers are slow in adopting M-payment service and develop a proposed model that measures the customer’s attitude and intention to use this technology in Egypt. Different theories from diverse fields are reviewed to formulate the study’s conceptual framework. Empirical data were collected via an online survey for a sample of 490 students in “open education”, a type of e-distance learning. The results suggest that although the most important determinants influencing the customer’s attitude toward the service are perceived behavioral control and perceived usefulness, those influencing the intention to use it are perceived innovativeness, perceived expressiveness, facilitating condition, perceived usefulness, and social pressure. The results of the research differ from those of previous studies because of the effect of the Egyptian culture. Service providers can benefit from the results when formulating the marketing strategies to increase the usage of this service, improving mobile commerce.

The role of sexual risk behaviors on PrEP awareness and interest among men who have sex with men in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Edeza ◽  
Omar Galarraga ◽  
David Novak ◽  
Kenneth Mayer ◽  
Joshua Rosenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Compulsivity ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness

In Latin America, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain disproportionately impacted by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool and has been FDA approved in the United States since 2012, but no Latin American state, with the recent exception of Brazil, has implemented PrEP guidelines. We carried out a multinational online survey of MSM in Latin America (n = 22698) in 2012 to assess whether MSM at highest risk of HIV acquisition (i.e., those engaging in condomless anal sex [CAS; n = 2606] and transactional sex [n = 1488]) had higher levels of awareness of PrEP, PrEP use and interest in participating in a PrEP trial. After adjusting for demographic and psychosocial characteristics including depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, childhood sexual abuse, and sexual compulsivity, transactional sex and CAS were associated with increased PrEP awareness (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.59, p < .001 and aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34, p < .001, respectively) and PrEP trial interest (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25–1.71, p < .001 and aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.57–1.95, p < .001, respectively). Findings demonstrate substantial awareness of and interest in PrEP among MSM with behavioral risk factors for HIV in Latin America, suggesting that this region is primed for PrEP implementation, which has been slow.

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