scholarly journals Age specific trends in prostate cancer tests, incidence and mortality in Australia since the introduction of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanya Pathirana ◽  
Rehan Sequeira ◽  
Chris Del Mar ◽  
James A Dickinson ◽  
Katy J L Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Incidental Cancer

Abstract BackgroundPopulation trends in PSA screening and prostate cancer incidence do not perfectly correspond. We aimed to better understand relationships between trends in PSA screening, prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia.MethodsDescription of age standardised time trends in PSA tests, prostate biopsies, cancer incidence and mortality within Australia for the age groups: 45-74, 75-84, and 85+ years.ResultsPSA testing increased from its introduction in 1989 to a peak in 2008. It then declined in men aged 45-84 years. Prostate biopsies and cancer incidence declined from 1995 to 2000, in parallel with decrease in trans-urethral resections of prostate (TURP). After 2000, changes in biopsies and cancer incidence paralleled PSA screening in men 45-84 years, while in men ≥85 years, biopsies stabilised and incidence declined. More recently a reduction in TURP correlated with increased Dutasteride and Tamsulosin usage. Prostate cancer mortality in men aged 45-74 years remained low throughout. Mortality in men 75-84 years gradually increased until the mid 1990s, then gradually decreased. Mortality in men ≥85 years increased until the mid 1990s, then stabilised.ConclusionsAge specific prostate cancer incidence largely mirrors PSA screening rates. Most deviation may be explained by changes in management of benign prostatic disease and incidental cancer detection. The timing of the small mortality reduction in men 75-84 years is more consistent with benefits from advances in treatment than with early detection through PSA. The large increases in prostate cancer incidence with minimal changes in mortality suggest overdiagnosis.

Trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Australia: A critical analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 102093
Author(s):  
Thanya Pathirana ◽  
Rehan Sequeira ◽  
Chris Del Mar ◽  
James A. Dickinson ◽  
Bruce K. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Changes in prostate cancer incidence in 50–75-year-old men in Lithuania 2006–2009: effect of early diagnosis program

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Robertas ADOMAITIS ◽  
Feliksas JANKEVICIUS ◽  
Giedre SMAILYTE ◽  
Ruta LEVULIENE
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Testing

Background. The Lithuanian Prostate Cancer Early Diagnosis Program (LPCEDP) was launched in 2006. Our study aimed to evaluate the PSA testing offered by general practicians for prostate cancer screening as its results may differ from those reported in randomised screening studies. Materials and methods. In the LPCEDP, GPs offered a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test for informed men aged 50–75 years. A PSA > 3 ng/ml was a cut-off limit for referral to urologist. The study group comprised men aged 50–75 years, diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2006–2009. The Lithuanian Cancer Registry data: age at diagnosis, date of diagnosis, clinical stage. The state Patient Fund data: dates of PSA testing in the LPCEDP. The distribution of clinical stages of prostate cancer was analysed in the following age groups: 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–75 years. The incidence rate was expressed as cases per 100000 men per year. The logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of the LPCEDP. Results. In 2006–2009, early prostate cancer accounted for 60.9% of incidence in the study group. The LPCEDP resulted in a sharp rise of the incidence of prostate cancer in 2007, followed by a gradual decline. Major changes in stage II and III tumour incidence resulted in stage migration. The peaks of total prostate cancer incidence and stage II cancer incidence among men aged 65–75 years coincided. In all age groups except 50–54 years, the incidence of stage III prostate cancer followed a downward trend since 2006. The logistic regression model showed that using the LPCEDP significantly increased the chances of men to be diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early stage. Conclusions. The LPCEDP has resulted in a high incidence of prostate cancer (especially of stage II) in men aged 65–75 years. A steady decline of stage III prostate cancer incidence was observed. Men aged 50–54 years cannot benefit from the LPCEDP as they seldom come to GPs. In the current situation, overdiagnosis and overtreatment in men aged over 65 years may overshadow the benefits of timely PSA testing in younger men. Keywords: prostate cancer, early diagnosis, PSA

scholarly journals PSA testing in general practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Hodgson ◽  
Zuzana Obertová ◽  
Charis Brown ◽  
Ross Lawrenson
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psa Test ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Keywords Prostate ◽  
General Practices

INTRODUCTION: In New Zealand, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has increased significantly (275 000 tests/year). Controversy exists around PSA testing as part of an unorganised screening programme. AIM: To look at the use of PSA testing in a sample of general practices and investigate the reasons GPs undertake PSA testing. METHODS: Five Waikato general practices investigated looking at PSA laboratory tests of men =40 years in 2010 compared against GP notes. Testing rates, reasons for testing, histology and referral/s were examined for different age groups. A questionnaire was sent to the GPs to determine their views on PSA testing. RESULTS: One in four men aged 40+ years had a PSA test in 2010. Of these men, 71% were asymptomatic. More than half of men tested aged 70+ years were asymptomatic. Ten percent of all PSA tests were elevated. Twenty-one of 23 prostate cancers were diagnosed following an elevated PSA test: more than 80% of these men had histories of prostate pathology or lower urinary tract symptoms. The questionnaire confirmed that GPs believe in the benefits of PSA screening and it also showed they had difficulty in providing patients with information about pros and cons of PSA testing. DISCUSSION: All GPs in this study tested asymptomatic men. GPs in this study value PSA screening and believe that it reduces mortality rates. However, although PSA tests were most frequently done on asymptomatic patients, the majority of patients subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer had been tested because of symptoms or had previous prostate problems. KEYWORDS: Prostate specific antigen (PSA); PSA testing; screening; prostate cancer; general practitioners

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Variation in PSA Testing and Prostate Cancer Incidence Following the 2012 USPSTF Recommendation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H Kensler ◽  
Claire H Pernar ◽  
Brandon A Mahal ◽  
Paul L Nguyen ◽  
Quoc-Dien Trinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Testing

Abstract Background The 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing led to a decrease in prostate cancer screening, but the heterogeneity of its impact by race and ethnicity remains unclear. Methods The proportion of 40- to 74-year-old men who self-reported receiving a routine PSA test in the past year was estimated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2012-2018). Odds ratios (ORs) of undergoing screening by race and ethnicity were estimated, adjusting for healthcare–related factors. Prostate cancer incidence rates and rate ratios (IRRs) by race and ethnicity were estimated using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data (2004-2017). Results PSA testing frequencies were 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 31.7% to 32.8%) among non-Hispanic White (NHW), 30.3% (95% CI = 28.3% to 32.3%) among non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 21.8% (95% CI = 19.9% to 23.7%) among Hispanic, and 17.7% (95% CI = 14.1% to 21.3%) among Asian and Pacific Islander men in 2012. The absolute screening frequency declined by 9.5% from 2012 to 2018, with a larger decline among NHB (11.6%) than NHW men (9.3%). The relative annual decrease was greater among NHB (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.88) than NHW men (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.90; Pheterogeneity = .005), driven by a larger decline among NHB men ages 40-54 years. The NHB to NHW IRR for total prostate cancer increased from 1.73 (95% CI = 1.69 to 1.76) in 2011 to 1.87 (95% CI = 1.83 to 1.92) in 2012 and has remained elevated, driven by differences in localized tumor incidence. Metastatic disease incidence is rising across all racial and ethnic groups. Conclusions The frequency of prostate cancer screening varies by race and ethnicity, and there was a modestly steeper decline in PSA testing among younger NHB men relative to NHW men since 2012. The NHB to NHW IRR for localized prostate cancer modestly increased following 2012.

Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality before and after the Introduction of PSA Testing in the Slovak and Czech Republics

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ondrusova ◽  
Dalibor Ondrus ◽  
Juraj Karabinos ◽  
Jan Muzik ◽  
Jan Kliment ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Before And After
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