Stigma for Common Mental Disorders in Racial Minorities and Majorities A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background There is a strong stigma attached to mental disorders preventing those affected from getting psychological help. The consequences of stigma are worse for racial and/or ethnic minorities compared to racial and/or ethnic majorities since the former often experience other social adversities such as poverty and discrimination within policies and institutions. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the evidence on the impact of differences in mental illness stigma between racial minorities and majorities. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional studies comparing mental illness stigma between racial minorities and majorities. Systematic searches were conducted in the bibliographic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE until 20 th December 2018. Outcomes were extracted from published reports, and meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses were conducted in CMA software. Results After screening 2,787 abstracts, 29 studies with 193,418 participants (N=35,836 in racial minorities) were eligible for analyses. Racial minorities showed more stigma than racial majorities (g=0.20 (95% CI: 0.12~0.27) for common mental disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of these results. Multivariate meta-regression analyses pointed to the possible moderating role of the number of studies with high risk of bias on the effect size. Racial minorities have more stigma for common mental disorders when compared with majorities. Limitations included moderate to high risk of bias, high heterogeneity, few studies in most comparisons, and the use of non-standardized outcome measures. Conclusions Mental illness stigma is higher among ethnic minorities than majorities. An important clinical implication of these findings would be to tailor anti-stigma strategies related with mental illnesses according to specific racial and/or ethnic backgrounds with the intention to improve mental health outreach.

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Stigma for Common Mental Disorders in Racial Minorities and Majorities A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15675/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

ozlem eylem ◽

Leonore de Wit ◽

Annemieke van straten ◽

Lena Steubl ◽

Zaneta Melissourgaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Racial Minorities ◽

Mental Illness Stigma ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Meta Regression

Abstract Background There is a strong stigma attached to mental disorders preventing those affected from getting psychological help. The consequences of stigma are worse for racial and/or ethnic minorities who often experience other social adversities such as poverty and discrimination within policies and institutions. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the evidence on the impact of differences in mental illness stigma between racial minorities and majorities. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional studies comparing mental illness stigma between racial minorities and majorities. Systematic searches were conducted in the bibliographic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE until 20th December 2018. Outcomes were extracted from published reports, meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted in CMA software. Results After screening 2,787 abstracts, 29 studies with 193,418 participants (N=35,836 in racial minorities) were eligible for analyses. Racial minorities showed more stigma than racial majorities (g=0.20 (95% CI: 0.12~0.27) for common mental disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of these results. Multivariate meta-regression analyses pointed to the possible moderating role of the number of studies with high risk of bias on the effect size. Racial minorities have more stigma for common mental disorders when compared with majorities. Limitations included moderate to high risk of bias, high heterogeneity, few studies in most comparisons, and the use of non-standardized outcome measures. Conclusions An important clinical implication of these findings would be to tailor anti-stigma strategies according to specific racial and/or ethnic backgrounds with the intention to improve mental health outreach. These limitations suggest a need for more high quality research on stigma. Key words: stigma; mental illness stigma; common mental disorders; racial minorities

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Stigma for Common Mental Disorders in Racial Minorities and Majorities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15675/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ozlem Eylem ◽

Leonore de Wit ◽

Annemieke van straten ◽

Lena Steubl ◽

Zaneta Melissourgaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Racial Minorities ◽

Mental Illness Stigma ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Meta Regression

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Correction to: Stigma for common mental disorders in racial minorities and majorities a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09199-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ozlem Eylem ◽

Leonore de Wit ◽

Annemieke van Straten ◽

Lena Steubl ◽

Zaneta Melissourgaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Racial Minorities

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Prevalence of common mental disorders in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high income Western countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03664-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas P. Nguyen ◽

Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo ◽

Berhe W. Sahle ◽

Andre M. N. Renzaho ◽

Shameran Slewa-Younan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Income ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Western Countries ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background The immense social upheaval and ongoing humanitarian crisis created by the 2011 war in Syria has forced millions of civilians to flee their homeland, many of whom seek refugee status in Western nations. Whilst it is known that the prevalence of mental illness is higher within refugee populations, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to pool the prevalence rates of common mental disorders (namely posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder) in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high income Western countries. Methods Seven electronic databases (Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, PTSDpubs, SCOPUS, PubMed and Embase) were searched up to the 31st of December 2020. Using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant articles were screened by title and abstract, and later by full text. A meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence rates for each mental illness. Results Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review. Nine of these studies had a low-moderate risk of bias and were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 4873 refugees included in the meta-analysis, the total pooled prevalence rate of having any of the three mental disorders was 33% (CI 95%, 27-40%), 40% for anxiety (CI 95%, 31-50%), 31% for depression (CI 95%, 20-44%) and 31% for PTSD (CI 95%, 22-41%). A meta-regression revealed that the total pooled prevalence rate for having any of the three mental disorders was not influenced by age, host country, duration in host country, educational or marital status. Conclusions Despite significant study heterogeneity, the prevalence rates of common mental disorders in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high-income Western countries are significantly higher than reported rates in the general population.

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Stigma for common mental disorders in racial minorities and majorities a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-08964-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ozlem Eylem ◽

Leonore de Wit ◽

Annemieke van Straten ◽

Lena Steubl ◽

Zaneta Melissourgaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Racial Minorities

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Calorie Restriction With Exercise Intervention Improves Inflammatory Response in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.754731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yubo Liu ◽

Feng Hong ◽

Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka ◽

Arifullah Mohammed ◽

Lei Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Lifestyle Behavior ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Meta Regression

Background/Purpose: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the effects of exercise (EX) combined with calorie restriction (CR) intervention on inflammatory biomarkers, and correlations between biomarkers and participants’ characteristics were calculated in overweight and obese adults.Methods: An article search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane database, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2021. Studies that examined the effect of EX + CR intervention on inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and compared them with a CR trial in overweight and obese adults were included. We calculated the pooled effect by meta-analysis, identified the correlations (between inflammatory biomarkers and participants’ characteristics) through meta-regression, and explored the beneficial variable through subgroup analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies were used to assess the risk of bias for the included trials.Results: A total of 23 trials, including 1196 overweight and obese adults, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect showed that EX + CR intervention significantly decreased CRP levels (P = 0.02), but had no effect on IL-6 (P = 0.62) and TNF-α (P = 0.11). Meta-regression analysis showed that the effect of EX + CR on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α changes was correlated with lifestyle behavior of adults (Coef. = −0.380, P = 0.018; Coef. = −0.359, P = 0.031; Coef. = −0.424, P = 0.041, respectively), but not with age and BMI. The subgroup analysis results revealed that participants with sedentary lifestyle behavior did not respond to EX + CR intervention, as we found no changes in CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations (P = 0.84, P = 0.16, P = 0.92, respectively). However, EX + CR intervention significantly decreased CRP (P = 0.0003; SMD = −0.39; 95%CI: −0.60 to −0.18), IL-6 (P = 0.04; SMD = −0.21; 95%CI: −0.40 to −0.01) and TNF-α (P = 0.006; SMD = −0.40, 95%CI: −0.68 to −0.12) in adults without a sedentary lifestyle or with a normal lifestyle. Furthermore, the values between sedentary and normal lifestyle subgroups were statistically significant for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α.Conclusion: Our findings showed that combination EX + CR intervention effectively decreased CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in overweight and obese adults with active lifestyles, but not with sedentary lifestyle behavior. We suggest that ‘lifestyle behavior’ is a considerable factor when designing new intervention programs for overweight or obese adults to improve their inflammatory response.

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The Efficacy of Triptolide in Preventing Diabetic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.728758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dongning Liang ◽

Hanwen Mai ◽

Fangyi Ruan ◽

Haiyan Fu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Ras Inhibitors

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Triptolide (TP), the primary biologically active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), possesses the potential to solve the shortcomings of TWHF in treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the clinic.Aim of the Study: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of TP in treating DKD and offer solid evidence for further clinical applications of TP.Materials and Methods: Eight databases (CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were electronically searched for eligible studies until October 17, 2020. We selected animal experimental studies using TP versus renin–angiotensin system inhibitors or nonfunctional liquids to treat DKD by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two researchers independently extracted data from the included studies and assessed the risk of bias with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias tool. Fixed-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Inplasy registration number: INPLASY2020100042.Results: Twenty-six studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that TP significantly reduced albuminuria (14 studies; standardized mean difference SMD: −1.44 [−1.65, −1.23], I2 = 87%), urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR) (8 studies; SMD: –5.03 [–5.74, −4.33], I2 = 84%), total proteinuria (4 studies; SMD: –3.12 [–3.75, −2.49], I2 = 0%), serum creatinine (18 studies; SMD: –0.30 [–0.49, −0.12], I2 = 76%), and blood urea nitrogen (12 studies; SMD: –0.40 [–0.60, −0.20], I2 value = 55%) in DKD animals, compared to the vehicle control. However, on comparing TP to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in DKD treatment, there was no marked difference in ameliorating albuminuria (3 studies; SMD: –0.35 [–0.72, 0.02], I2 = 41%), serum creatinine (3 studies; SMD: –0.07 [–0.62, 0.48], I2 = 10%), and blood urea nitrogen (2 studies; SMD: –0.35 [–0.97, 0.28], I2 = 0%). Of note, TP exhibited higher capacities in reducing UACR (2 studies; SMD: –0.66 [–1.31, −0.01], I2 = 0%) and total proteinuria (2 studies; SMD: –1.18 [–1.86, −2049], I2 = 0%). Meta-regression implicated that the efficacy of TP in reducing DKD albuminuria was associated with applied dosages. In addition, publication bias has not been detected on attenuating albuminuria between TP and RAS inhibitors after the diagnosis of DKD.Systematic Review Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier INPLASY2020100042

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Prevalence of PTSD and common mental disorders amongst ambulance personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-018-1539-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 897-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Katherine Petrie ◽

Josie Milligan-Saville ◽

Aimée Gayed ◽

Mark Deady ◽

Andrea Phelps ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ambulance Personnel

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Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m1361 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m1361 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elpida Vounzoulaki ◽

Kamlesh Khunti ◽

Sophia C Abner ◽

Bee K Tan ◽

Melanie J Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

White Population ◽

History Of ◽

Meta Regression

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate and compare progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline and Embase between January 2000 and December 2019, studies published in English and conducted on humans.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies investigating progression to T2DM. Inclusion criteria were postpartum follow-up for at least 12 months, incident physician based diagnosis of diabetes, T2DM reported as a separate outcome rather than combined with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and studies with both a group of patients with GDM and a control group.ResultsThis meta-analysis of 20 studies assessed a total of 1 332 373 individuals (67 956 women with GDM and 1 264 417 controls). Data were pooled by random effects meta-analysis models, and heterogeneity was assessed by use of the I2 statistic. The pooled relative risk for the incidence of T2DM between participants with GDM and controls was estimated. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies were investigated by prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and, overall, studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias (P=0.58 and P=0.90). The overall relative risk for T2DM was almost 10 times higher in women with previous GDM than in healthy controls (9.51, 95% confidence interval 7.14 to 12.67, P<0.001). In populations of women with previous GDM, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 16.46% (95% confidence interval 16.16% to 16.77%) in women of mixed ethnicity, 15.58% (13.30% to 17.86%) in a predominantly non-white population, and 9.91% (9.39% to 10.42%) in a white population. These differences were not statistically significant between subgroups (white v mixed populations, P=0.26; white v non-white populations, P=0.54). Meta-regression analyses showed that the study effect size was not significantly associated with mean study age, body mass index, publication year, and length of follow-up.ConclusionsWomen with a history of GDM appear to have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing T2DM than those with a normoglycaemic pregnancy. The magnitude of this risk highlights the importance of intervening to prevent the onset of T2DM, particularly in the early years after pregnancy.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019123079.

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