scholarly journals Development and validation of the Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Wangnan Cao ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Oral Health Beliefs

Abstract Background Oral health belief is a prerequisite of changing oral health behaviors especially during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of well-established questionnaire for use among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate adolescents’ beliefs about oral health behaviors using health belief model.Methods A preliminary 43-item questionnaire was developed by an expert panel. Then the questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items to 35 by analyzing the results from face validity and factor analysis from 421 Hong Kong secondary school students. The content validity were evaluated by a panel of 2 behavioral scientists, 2 dentists, 2 schoolteachers and 10 adolescents. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and intraclass coefficient were used to test its reliability. In addition, to confirm its applicability, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the possibility of HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors and oral hygiene status.Results The initial analysis extracted six factors that jointly accounted for 62.47% of the variance observed. Based on CFA, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items and the data of the final version fitted the model well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscale (>0.7), item-total correlations (0.47-0.91) and the intraclass coefficient (0.82-0.91) were all above acceptable thresholds. The results of multiple regression analysis and path analysis confirmed its ability to predict oral health behaviors and status.Conclusions The present findings indicate satisfactory validity, reliability and applicability of the proposed Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM) for measuring oral health beliefs of adolescents. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to measure oral health beliefs and predict oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of adolescents.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Wangnan Cao ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: Oral health belief is a prerequisite of changing oral health behaviors especially during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of well-established questionnaire for use among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate adolescents’ beliefs about oral health behaviors using health belief model. Methods: A preliminary 43-item questionnaire was developed by an expert panel. Then the questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items to 35 by analyzing the results from face validity and factor analysis from 421 Hong Kong secondary school students. The content validity were evaluated by a panel of 2 behavioral scientists, 2 dentists, 2 schoolteachers and 10 adolescents. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and intraclass coefficient were used to test its reliability. In addition, to confirm its applicability, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the possibility of HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors and oral hygiene status. Results: The initial analysis extracted six factors that jointly accounted for 62.47% of the variance observed. Based on CFA, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items and the data of the final version fitted the model well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscale (>0.7), item-total correlations (0.47-0.91) and the intraclass coefficient (0.82-0.91) were all above acceptable thresholds. The results of multiple regression analysis and path analysis confirmed its ability to predict oral health behaviors and status. Conclusions: The present findings indicate satisfactory validity, reliability and applicability of the proposed Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM) for measuring oral health beliefs of adolescents. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to measure oral health beliefs and predict oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of adolescents.

scholarly journals Factors predicting the oral health behaviors of the Iranian students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e206579
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pourhaji ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Delshad ◽  
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Alireza Hidarnia ◽  
Shamsodin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining the predictors of oral health behaviors among Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The multi‑stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being in four – graded level of elementary schools of the 1st district in Tehran, being female students aged between 9-11 years and being physically and psychologically healthy student. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. Results: Totally, (N= 31.8%) students  reported that they were brushing less than twice a day and (N=   55.2% ) students claimed  using of dental floss once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P<0.001), commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P<0.001) and cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14–1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. Thus, it seems that the model as a acceptable framework for designing training programs to improve oral health behavior in students.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Perceived Oral Health Benefits on Yoga Scale (POBYS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Acharya Balkrishna ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Nagarajan Karthikeyan ◽  
Paran Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Objective: Sustained practice of Yoga leads to self-awareness, physical strength and high sense of energy. Yoga stimulates antioxidant levels in the body and reduces likelihood of dental disorders. No research has been undertaken connecting perception on yoga and oral health behaviors. The present study is an attempt to develop a psychometric scale entitled Perceived Benefits on Yoga Scale (PBYS) to measure individuals’ perception on Yoga in relation to oral health behaviors. Material and methods: The psychometric tool was developed based on the concepts of Health Benefit Model (HBM). Among the four components of the model, the present study considered “perceived benefits” component. A total of 206 individuals participated in the study. To analyze the scale theoretically, face and content validity were assessed. Reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity was tested. Cronbach alpha and Spearman- Brown coefficient were applied to test the reliability of scale. Results: There were six items in the final scale, with a Spearman- Brown coefficient of 0.92 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation was found between POBYS scores and Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale (YSES).  Validity of scale is within accepted range as indicated by Goodness of Fit indices. Conclusion: POBYS is a reliable and valid measure of perception on yoga outcomes with specific reference to oral health behavior. Keywords Yoga; Health belief model; Oral health behavior; Scale development; Confirmatory factor analysis.

scholarly journals Factors Predicting the Oral Health Behaviors of the Iranian Students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossien Delshad ◽  
Fatemeh Pourhaji ◽  
Alireza Hidarnia ◽  
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Shamsodin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining predictors to oral health behaviors predict in Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added Commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The random Multi‑stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being graded, four female students (aged 9-11 years), or Education at the fourth grade of one of the elementary schools studied in the first district of Tehran and, The health of the student from a physical and psychological of view. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. Results: The total 31.8% of the students reported that they were brushing behavior less than twice a day and 55.2% students claimed, use of dental floss behavior once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P&lt;0.001), Commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P&lt;0.001) and Cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14&ndash;1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables which is the key factor of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added Commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. So, it seems that the model as a framework for designing training programs to improve students to improve oral health behavior can be used.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P. J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09–1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

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