scholarly journals Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Circulating among Injecting Drug Users (IDU) in Kilifi County, Kenya.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Onchong'a Mainga ◽  
Odari Okoth Eddy ◽  
Borus Kimutai Peter ◽  
Ole Kwallah Allan ◽  
Murith Gikunda James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genotype 1A

Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus is a major global health problem estimated to infect over 170 million people globally with the most common route of infection being injecting drug use (IDU). Treatment for HCV infection has traditionally been shown to be genotype specific; however the available drugs are still expensive and out of reach in many developing countries. To improve on monitoring, there is need to continuously document the genotypic burden and epidemiology in different populations arises. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the circulating genotypes and link the data to the socio-demographics of injecting drug users in Kilifi County along the Kenyan coastline. Methods: Using a random sampling method, this was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted among 127 injecting drug users, whereby ethical clearance was sought from Kenyatta National Hospital/ University of Nairobi Ethical and Research review committee (KNH/UON-ERC), and Reference number P366/07/2017 on 25 th September 2017. Serology for HCV was done followed by nucleic acid amplification and eventual genotyping. Socio-demographic data was collected using questionnaire administered at the sites. Results: A total of 28 (23 males and 5 females) samples out of 127 samples were positive for HCV giving a prevalence of 22.1%. The modal age group was 25- 49 years. Of the positive samples, 11 were amplified by PCR, all from the male IDUs. Prevalent genotypes included genotype 1a (13%) and genotype 4a (87%). Both genotype 1a and 4a were only found in males. Conclusion: Although it is the first time to report HCV4a in Kilifi town and Mtwapa as compared to Watamu and Malindi which had both HCV1a and HCV4a. Tourists born in countries where HCV prevalence is high are supposed to be screened before accessing entry to Kilifi County. No clinical trial was conducted. The study reveals the burden of HCV infection among IDUs in Kilifi County. The Government should formulate policies for intervention on testing and treatment of HCV in Kilifi County targeting IDUs in order to minimize spread to other populations.

scholarly journals Adherence to treatment for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grebely ◽  
Gail V. Matthews ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
David Shaw ◽  
Ingrid van Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Adherence To Treatment

Hepatitis C virus infection, HIV co-infection, and associated risk among injecting drug users in Togliatti, Russia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rhodes ◽  
Lucy Platt ◽  
Ali Judd ◽  
Larissa Albertovna Mikhailova ◽  
Anya Sarang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Anti Hiv

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and co-infection with HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Togliatti City, Russia. Unlinked anonymous cross-sectional survey of IDUs recruited from community settings, with oral fluid sample collection for HCV and HIV antibody (anti-HCV, anti-HIV) testing, was carried out. The anti-HCV prevalence was 87% (357/411), anti-HIV prevalence 56% (234/418), and 93% (214/230) of HIV-positive IDUs were co-infected with HCV. Only 23% (94/411) of those HCV positive self-reported as such. In an adjusted model, increased odds of HCV positivity were associated with needle and syringe, as well as injecting paraphernalia sharing in the last four weeks. IDUs injecting more than once with the same needle also had raised odds. There were no marked associations between HCV positivity and the duration of injecting or age group. Almost all IDUs were HCV positive, and almost all HIV-positive IDUs were HCV co-infected. There is an urgent need to maximize syringe distribution coverage, develop health promotion targeting HCV prevention for IDUs, and improve access among IDUs to treatments for HIV and HCV infection.

scholarly journals Age- and time-dependent prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in drug users in France, 2004–2011: model-based estimation from two national cross-sectional serosurveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LEON ◽  
S. KASEREKA ◽  
F. BARIN ◽  
C. LARSEN ◽  
L. WEILL-BARILLET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Hiv Serostatus

SUMMARYHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health issue worldwide. Injecting drug use remains the major mode of transmission in developed countries. Monitoring the HCV transmission dynamic over time is crucial, especially to assess the effect of harm reduction measures in drug users (DU). Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HCV infection in DU in France using data from a repeated cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 and 2011. Age- and time-dependent HCV prevalence was estimated through logistic regression models adjusted for HIV serostatus or injecting practices. HCV incidence was estimated from a mathematical model linking prevalence and incidence. HCV prevalence decreased from 58·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 49·7–66·8] in 2004 to 43·2% (95% CI 38·8–47·7) in 2011. HCV incidence decreased from 7·9/100 person-years (95% CI 6·4–9·4) in 2004 to 4·4/100 person-years (95% CI 3·3–5·9) in 2011. HCV prevalence and incidence were significantly associated with age, calendar time, HIV serostatus and injecting practices. In 2011, the highest estimated incidence was in active injecting DU (11·2/100 person-years). Given the forthcoming objective of generalizing access to new direct antiviral agents for HCV infection, our results contribute to decision-making and policy development regarding treatment scale-up and disease prevention in the DU population.

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