scholarly journals Application of Global Dust Detection Index (GDDI) for Sand and Dust Storm Monitoring Over Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Mohammed Alghamdi ◽  
Mazen Ebraheem Assiri ◽  
Mohsin Jamil Butt
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Dust Detection ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Storm Characteristics ◽  
Sand And Dust Storm

Abstract Sand and dust storm events are frequent natural hazards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sand and dust storm monitoring is therefore essential to mitigate their environmental-related issues. Satellite remote sensing has been successfully used for sand and dust storm monitoring in various parts of the world. In the current endeavor, we are applying the Global Dust Detection Index (GDDI) on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data onboard Terra satellite to monitor sand and dust storm activities over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the current study, fourteen sand and dust storm events are analyzed between the years 2000 to 2017. The GDDI based results are validated by using MODIS combined Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) product, Meteosat satellite images, ground-based meteorological stations data, and AOD data from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations in the study area. Also, GDDI based results are analyzed by determining algorithm accuracy, Probability Of Correct positive Detection (POCD), and Probability Of False positive Detection (POFD). Results of the study show that GDDI can successfully identify sand and dust storm events with various threshold values over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is envisaged that the outcome of this study would be very beneficial to understand sand and dust storm characteristics in the study region.

scholarly journals Characteristics of dust storm events over the western United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 14195-14220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lei ◽  
J. X. L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Cold Fronts ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Modis Aod

Abstract. In order to better understand the characteristics of dust storm processes over the western United States, available dust storm events reported by media or recorded by NASA earth observatory are classified into four types based on the prevailing weather systems. Then these four types of dust storm events related to cold fronts, downbursts, tropical disturbances, and cyclogenesis and their selected typical representative events are examined to explore their identifiable characteristics based on in-situ and remote sensing measurements. We find that the key feature of cold front-induced dust storms is their rapid process with strong dust emissions. Events caused by rapid downbursts have the highest rates of emissions. Dust storms due to tropical disturbances show stronger air concentrations of dust and last longer than those caused by cold fronts and downbursts. Finally, dust storms caused by cyclogenesis last the longest. The analysis of particulate matter records also shows that the relative ratio of PM10 (size less than 10 μm) values on dust storm-days to non-dust storm-days is a better indicator of event identification compared to previous established indicators. Moreover, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from both in-situ and satellite datasets allow us to capture dust storm processes. We show that MODIS AOD retrieved from the deep blue data better identify dust storm-affected areas and the spatial extension of event intensity. Our analyses also show that the variability in mass concentrations during dust storm processes captured only by in-situ observations is consistent with the variability in AOD from stationary or satellite observations. The study finally indicates that the combination of in-situ and satellite observations is a better method to fill gaps in dust storm recordings.

Impact of ventilation method on residential indoor PM dispersion during dust storm events in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Amos Kalua ◽  
Soo Jeong Jo ◽  
Seyedreza Fateminasab ◽  
Sana’a Al-Rqaibat ◽  
Christoph Opitz
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Ventilation Method

scholarly journals Monitoring Dust Storms in Iraq Using Satellite Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Albarakat ◽  
Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Dust storms can suspend large quantities of sand and cause haze in the boundary layer over local and regional scales. Iraq is one of the countries that is often impacted to a large degree by the occurrences of dust storms. The time between June 29 to July 8, 2009 is considered one of the worst dust storm periods of all times and many Iraqis suffered medical problems as a result. We used data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MODIS Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 1km and 500m data were utilized to calculate the Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI). The MYD09GA V006 product was used to monitor, map, and assess the development and spread of dust storms over the arid and semi-arid territories of Iraq. We set thresholds for NDDI to distinguish between water and/or ice cloud and ground features and dust storms. In addition; brightness temperature data (TB) from the Aqua /MODIS thermal band 31 were analyzed to distinguish sand on the land surface from atmospheric dust. We used the MODIS level 2 MYD04 deep blue 550nm Aerosol Option Depth (AOD) data that maintains accuracy even over bright desert surfaces. We found NDDI values lower than 0.05 represent clouds and water bodies, while NDDI greater than 0.18 correspond to dust storm regions. The threshold of TB of 310.5 K was used to distinguish aerosols from the sand on the ground. Approximately 75% of the territory was covered by a dust storm in July 5th 2009 due to strong and dry northwesterly winds.

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