scholarly journals Global change factors influence different aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Zheng ◽  
Mingming Cui ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Shilin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract BackgroundThe functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF) affects the resistance and resilience of plant communities to environmental stresses. However, considerable uncertainty remains about how the complex interactions among elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eCO 2 ), nitrogen deposition (eN), increased precipitation (eP), and warming (eT) affect AMF communities. These global change factors (GCFs) always occur simultaneously, and their interactions likely affect AMF community structure and assembly processes. In this study, the interactive effects of these four GCFs on AMF communities were explored in an open-top chamber field experiment in a semiarid grassland. ResultsElevated CO 2 , eN, eT, and eP and their interactions did not affect AM fungal biomass. The relative abundance of Paraglomus increased with N addition across treatment combinations, whereas that of Glomus decreased with N addition, especially combined with eT and eCO 2 . Precipitation, T, and N affected AMF phylogenetic α-diversity, and the three-way interaction among CO 2 , T, and N affected taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity. Nitrogen addition significantly affected the β-diversity of AMF communities. Both variable selection and dispersal limitation played major roles in shaping AMF communities, whereas homogeneous selection and homogenizing dispersal had almost no influence on AMF community assembly. The contribution of variable selection decreased under eCO 2 , eN and eT, but not under eP. The contribution of dispersal limitation decreased under eCO 2 , eT, and eP but it increased under eN. The assembly of AMF communities under the sixteen GCF combinations was strongly influenced by dispersal limitation, variable selection and ecological drift. ConclusionsElevated CO 2 , warming, N addition, and increased precipitation influenced different aspects of AMF communities. The interactive effects of the four GCFs on AMF communities were limited. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that AMF communities in semiarid grasslands can resist changes in the global climate.

Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Faghihinia ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Martin Dudáš ◽  
Rob Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioprotectors of Crops Against Verticillium Wilt—A Hypothetical Scenario Under Changing Environmental Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Amf Communities

The association that many crops can establish with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soils can enhance the resistance of the host plants against several pathogens, including Verticillium spp. The increased resistance of mycorrhizal plants is mainly due to the improved nutritional and water status of crops and to enhanced antioxidant metabolism and/or increased production of secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. However, the effectiveness of AMF in protecting their host plants against Verticillium spp. may vary depending on the environmental factors. Some environmental factors, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the availability of soil water and the air and soil temperatures, are predicted to change drastically by the end of the century. The present paper discusses to what extent the climate change may influence the role of AMF in protecting crops against Verticillium-induced wilt, taking into account the current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects that the changing environment can exert on AMF communities in soils and on the symbiosis between crops and AMF, as well as on the development, incidence and impact of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Han ◽  
Changchao Xu ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Qiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

scholarly journals Environmental factors driving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with endemic woody plant Picconiaazorica on native forest of Azores

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (13) ◽  
pp. 1309-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Drumonde Melo ◽  
Christopher Walker ◽  
Claudia Krüger ◽  
Paulo A.V. Borges ◽  
Sara Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract Purpose Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important key roles in the soil ecosystems as they link plants to the root-inaccessible part of soil. The aims of this study were to investigate which environmental factors influence the spatial and temporal structuring of AMF communities associated to Picconia azorica in two Azorean islands (Terceira and São Miguel islands), and investigate the seasonal variation in AMF communities between the two islands. Methods Communities of AMF associated with P. azorica in native forest of two Azorean islands (Terceira and São Miguel) were characterised by spore morphology or molecular analysis. Results Forty-five AMF spore morphotypes were detected from the four fragments of P. azorica forest representing nine families of AMF. Acaulosporaceae (14) and Glomeraceae (9) were the most abundant families. AMF density and root colonisation varied significantly between islands and sampling sites. Root colonisation and spore density exhibited temporal patterns, which peaked in spring and were higher in Terceira than in São Miguel. The relative contribution of environmental factors showed that factors such as elevation, relative air humidity, soil pH, and soil available P, K, and Mg influenced AMF spore production and root colonisation. Conclusion Different sporulation patterns exhibited by the members of the commonest families suggested different life strategies. Adaptation to a particular climatic and soil condition and host phenology may explain seasonal differences in sporulation patterns. Cohorts of AMF associated to P. azorica are shaped by regional processes including environmental filters such as soil properties and natural disturbance.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alter Plant and Soil C:N:P Stoichiometries Under Warming and Nitrogen Input in a Semiarid Meadow of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Mei ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Hongbing Cao ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Jixun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
N Input

Ecological stoichiometry has been widely used to determine how plant-soil systems respond to global change and to reveal which factors limit plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plants’ uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), thereby altering plant and soil stoichiometries. To understand the regulatory effect of AMF feedback on plants and soil stoichiometry under global change, a microcosm experiment was conducted with warming and N input. The C4 grass Setaria viridis, C3 grass Leymus chinensis, and Chenopodiaceae species Suaeda corniculata were studied. The results showed that the mycorrhizal benefits for the C4 grass S. viridis were greater than those for the C3 grass L. chinensis, whereas for the Chenopodiaceae species S. corniculata, AMF symbiosis was antagonistic. Under N input and a combination of warming and N input, AMF significantly decreased the N:P ratios of all three species. Under N input, the soil N content and the N:P ratio were decreased significantly in the presence of AMF, whereas the soil C:N ratio was increased. These results showed that AMF can reduce the P limitation caused by N input and improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, slow the negative influence of global change on plant growth, and promote grassland sustainability.

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