scholarly journals Factors associated with changes in adequate antenatal care visits among pregnant women aged 15-49 years in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH KASAGAMA ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Jenny Renju
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for the health of the mother and the unborn child as it delivers highly–effective health interventions that can prevent maternal and newborn deaths and morbidity. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a minimum of four ANC visits for a pregnant woman with a positive pregnancy during the entire gestational period. Tanzania has sub-optimal adequate (four or more) ANC visits and the trend has been fluctuating over time. An understanding on the factors that have been contributing to the fluctuating trend over years is crucial in increasing the proportions of pregnant women attaining adequate ANC visits in Tanzania.Methods: The study used secondary data from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) from 2004 to 2016. The study included 17976 women aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using stata version 13. Categorical and continuous variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and using the weighted proportions. A Poisson regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with adequate antenatal. A multivariable Poisson decomposition analysis was done to determine factors associated with changes in adequate ANC visits among pregnant women in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016.Results: The overall proportion of women who had adequate ANC visits in 2004/05, 2010 and 2015/16 was 62%, 43% and 51% respectively. The identified determinants of adequate ANC visits were: early ANC initiation, zones, having more than one child, being aged 20 years and above, wanting pregnancy later, belonging to a richer and richest wealth quintile, having secondary and higher education, reporting distance to health facility not a big problem and watching TV at least once per week. Comparing 2004/05 and 2010 surveys, changes in the population structure contributed 4.2% of changes in adequate antenatal care visits while changes in coefficients contributed 95.8% of the changes. Also, comparing 2015/16 to 2010 surveys, changes in population structure and coefficients contributed 66.2% and 33.8% respectively. Conclusion: Early ANC initiation has greatly contributed to increased proportion of pregnant women who attain four or more ANC visits overtime. More effort should focus on pregnant women to initiate ANC in the first trimester in order to increase proportion of women with adequate ANC visit.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Changes in Adequate Antenatal Care Visits Among Pregnant Women Aged 15-49 Years in Tanzania From 2004 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH KASAGAMA ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Jenny Renju
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for the health of the mother and the unborn child as it delivers highly–effective health interventions that can prevent maternal and newborn deaths and morbidity. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a minimum of four ANC visits for a pregnant woman with a positive pregnancy during the entire gestational period. Tanzania has sub-optimal adequate (four or more) ANC visits and the trend has been fluctuating over time. An understanding of the factors associated with changes in adequate ANC visits over years is crucial in improving the proportions of pregnant women attaining adequate ANC visits in Tanzania. Methods The study used secondary data from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) from 2004 to 2016. The study included 17976 women aged 15–49 years. Data were analyzed using stata version 13. Categorical and continuous variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and using the weighted proportions. A Poisson regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with adequate antenatal. A multivariable Poisson decomposition analysis was done to determine factors associated with changes in adequate ANC visits among pregnant women in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016. Results The overall proportion of women who had adequate ANC visits in 2004/05, 2010 and 2015/16 was 62%, 43% and 51% respectively. The identified determinants of adequate ANC visits were: early ANC initiation, zones, having more than one child, being aged 20 years and above, wanting pregnancy later, belonging to a richer and richest wealth quintile, having secondary and higher education, reporting distance to health facility not a big problem and watching TV at least once per week. Comparing 2004/05 and 2010 surveys, changes in the population structure contributed 4.2% of changes in adequate antenatal care visits while changes in coefficients contributed 95.8% of the changes. Also, comparing 2015/16 to 2010 surveys, changes in population structure and coefficients contributed 66.2% and 33.8% respectively. Conclusion Early ANC initiation has greatly contributed to increased proportion of pregnant women who attain four or more ANC visits overtime. More effort should focus on pregnant women to initiate ANC in the first trimester in order to increase proportion of women with adequate ANC visit.

scholarly journals Factors associated with changes in adequate antenatal care visits among pregnant women aged 15-49 years in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Jenny Renju
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Abstract Background Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for the health of the mother and unborn child as it delivers highly effective health interventions that can prevent maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a minimum of four ANC visits for a pregnant woman with a positive pregnancy during the entire gestational period. Tanzania has sub-optimal adequate (four or more) ANC visits, and the trend has been fluctuating over time. An understanding of the factors that have been contributing to the fluctuating trend over years is pivotal in increasing the proportions of pregnant women attaining adequate ANC visits in Tanzania. Methods The study used secondary data from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) from 2004 to 2016. The study included 17976 women aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14. Categorical and continuous variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and weighted proportions. A Poisson regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with adequate ANC visits. To determine factors associated with changes in adequate ANC visits among pregnant women in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016, multivariable Poisson decomposition analysis was done. Results The overall proportion of women who had adequate ANC visits in 2004/05, 2010 and 2015/16 was 62, 43 and 51% respectively. The increase in the proportion of women attaining adequate ANC from 2010 to 2015/16 was mainly, 66.2% due to changes in population structure, thus an improvement in health behavior. While 33.8% was due to changes in the mother’s characteristics. Early initiation of first ANC visit had contributed 51% of the overall changes in adequate ANC attendance in TDHS 2015/16 survey. Conclusion Early ANC initiation has greatly contributed to the increased proportion of pregnant women who attain four or more ANC visits overtime. Interventions on initiating the first ANC visit within the first twelve weeks of pregnancy should be a priority to increase proportion of women with adequate ANC visit.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Lushoto, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Njiku ◽  
Herman Wella ◽  
Adellah Sariah ◽  
Joyce Protas
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services

Background: Adequate utilization of antenatal health care services is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends pregnant women to attend antenatal care services as early as in the first trimester. However, many women due to various reasons fail to meet the recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal booking among pregnant women in Lushoto district of north-eastern Tanzania.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study involved pregnant women and was conducted in August-September 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain participants demographic characteristics and obstetrics history. Data analysis was done using (SPSS) and relationship between outcome variables and exposure variable was done using Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association.Results: A total of 240 participants were involved in the study.  Out of these, 169 (70.4%) participants booked late for antenatal care (ANC) services. Delayed booking was mainly associated with not being married (AOR=3.08; 95%CI 1.149-8.275; P value=0.025) and unemployment (AOR=4.28; 95% CI 2.11-8.679; p-value=0.000)Conclusion:  Late first antenatal clinic visit was high in Lushoto, and was highly associated with unmarried and unemployment status. Therefore, provision of continuous health education and community sensitization on the importance of timely seeking ANC services should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Country compliance with WHO-recommended antenatal care guidelines: equity analysis of the 2015–2016 Demography and Health Survey in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e002169
Author(s):  
Ngatho Samuel Mugo ◽  
Kyaw Swa Mya ◽  
Camille Raynes-Greenow
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

IntroductionEarly access to adequate antenatal care (ANC) from skilled providers is crucial for detecting and preventing obstetric complications of pregnancy. We aimed to assess factors associated with the utilisation of the new WHO ANC guidelines including the recommended number, on time initiation and adequate components of ANC contacts in Myanmar.MethodsWe examined data from 2943 mothers aged 15–49 years whose most recent birth occurred in the last 5 years prior to the 2015–2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Factors associated with utilisation of the new WHO recommended ANC were explored using multinomial logistic regression and multivariate models. We used marginal standardisation methods to estimate the predicted probabilities of the factors significantly associated with the three measures of ANC.ResultsApproximately 18% of mothers met the new WHO recommended number of eight ANC contacts. About 58% of the mothers received adequate ANC components, and 47% initiated ANC within the first trimester of pregnancy. The predicted model shows that Myanmar could achieve 70% coverage of adequate components of ANC if all women were living in urban areas. Similarly, if ANC was through private health facilities, 63% would achieve adequate components of ANC. Pregnant women from urban areas (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 4.86, 95% CI 2.44 to 9.68) were more than four times more likely to have adequate ANC components compared with women from rural areas. Pregnant women in the highest wealth quintile were three times more likely to receive eight or more ANC contacts (aRR: 3.20, 95% CI 1.61 to 6.36) relative to mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. On time initiation of the first ANC contact was fourfold for mothers aged 30–39 years relative to adolescent mothers (aRR: 4.07, 95% CI 1.53 to 10.84).ConclusionThe 2016 WHO ANC target is not yet being met by the majority of women in Myanmar. Our results highlight the need to address health access inequity for women who are from lower socioeconomic groups, or are younger, and those living in rural areas.

Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Martin Malick
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
The West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Folate Supplement ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Pregnant Women Contributing to Late Initiation in Antenatal Care during the First Trimester in the Ubungo Municipal Council in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieth Kristoamani ◽  
Gladys Reuben Mahiti
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
Late Initiation

Antenatal care serves as a key entry point for a pregnant woman to receive a broad range of services and should be initiated at the onset of pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends for the first antenatal visits to be before 12 weeks of gestation. However, many pregnant women due to various reasons attend first antenatal care services very late and little information is known on why pregnant women delay initiating antenatal care clinics during the first trimester. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of pregnant women contributing to the late initiation of antenatal care during the first trimester Ubungo Municipal Council. The study used purposive sampling to recruit thirty pregnant women for data collection through individual in-depth interviews. Pregnant women who attended antenatal care were recruited during antenatal care clinics and were interviewed in a room at the antenatal care unit. An in-depth interview was conducted with 30 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using thematic coding analysis. The finding of this study indicates that, lack of awareness on the appropriate time to start antenatal care first visit, pregnancy as a normal health condition which does not require health personnel attention, late identification of the pregnancy, transport cost and service cost as a barrier due to low income, long waiting hours at the facility, lack of support from the spouse and men’s working time table were major factors which pregnant women perceive to contribute late initiation in the antenatal care during the first trimester. Results conclude that, community awareness-raising and training on the significance of early antenatal clinic (ANC) visits are needed. Stakeholders should also address factors affecting facility and service levels such as high service costs and long waiting times at healthcare facilities.

Factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghitanwa Emma Maano ◽  
Shanyengange Tuwilika. N.
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Care Service ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care (ANC) service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region. A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was used to gain the data from pregnant women started first antenatal care later than twelve weeks of gestation.Data was collected through in-depth interview among pregnant women during their first visit at Katutura state hospital antenatal clinic, Khomas region. The data analysis was done in line with thematic analysis and themes and sub-themes were identified.The study findings concluded that most pregnant women attend their first ANC later than twelve weeks gestation because of work commitment, long distance to health facilities, and lack of knowledge about the important of starting ANC in first trimester of pregnancy.The study recommends the establishment and implementation of a community based health education programs about the antenatal care services in order to create awareness and knowledge in the community about the importance of starting antenatal care services during the first trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Determinants of Optimal Antenatal Care Visit Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: a Multilevel Analysis of Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey 2019 Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet ◽  
Binyam Tariku Seboka ◽  
Getanew Aschalew Tesfa ◽  
Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo ◽  
Elias Seid
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Optimal antenatal care (ANC4 +) needs to be used throughout pregnancy to reduce pregnancy complications and maternal mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends eight ANC contacts, while Ethiopia has the lowest coverage of at least four ANC visits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with optimal ANC visits among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A multilevel logistic regression model is set up to identify factors associated with optimal ANC visits. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association between the outcome and the predictor variables. Results: Overall, 43% of women had optimal ANC visits during their last pregnancy. Higher educated women are 3.99 times more likely (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI: 2.62-6.02) to have optimal ANC visits than women with no formal education. The wealthiest women are 2.09 times more likely (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.56-2.82) to have optimal ANC visits than women in the poorest quintile. The odds of optimal ANC visit is 42 percent lower in rural women (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.83) compared to women living in urban areas. Conclusion: Women's educational status, wealth status, mass media exposure, place of residence and region are factors that are significantly associated with optimal ANC visit. These findings help health care programmers and policymakers to introduce appropriate policies and programs to ensure optimal ANC coverage. Priority should be given to addressing economic and educational interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
Martin Mumuni Danaah Malick ◽  
Aloysius Maalekuu ◽  
Odalys Hernandez Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
The West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Folate Supplement ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital(WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document