Facilitation of Oral Sensitivity by Electrical Stimulation of the Faucial Pillars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Braun ◽  
Samra Hamzic ◽  
Johanna Doerr ◽  
Laura Peters ◽  
Maxime Viard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Oral Sensitivity ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Faucial Pillar

Abstract BackgroundDysphagia is common in neurological disease. However, our understanding of swallowing and its central nervous control is limited. Sensory information plays a vital role in the initiation of the swallowing reflex and is often reduced in stroke patients. We hypothesized that the sensitivity threshold of the anterior faucial pillar could be facilitated by either electrical stimulation (ES) or taste and smell information.MethodsThe sensitivity threshold was measured by ES in the anterior faucial pillar region. The measurement was repeated 5 minutes after baseline. Thirty minutes after baseline, the participants underwent a test for taste and smell. Immediately after the test, the ES was repeated. ResultsThirty healthy volunteers with a mean age of 27±5.1 participated in the trial. Mean sensitivity threshold at baseline was 1.9mA ± 0.59mA. The values 5 minutes after baseline (1.74mA ± 0.56mA, p=0.027) and 30 minutes after baseline (1.67mA ± 0.58mA, p=0.011) were significantly lower compared to the baseline, but there was no difference between the latter (p=0.321).Conclusion After 5 minutes, a potentially facilitating effect was found on oral sensitivity by ES of the faucial pillar area. Thirty minutes later, this effect was still present.

scholarly journals Facilitation of oral sensitivity by electrical stimulation of the faucial pillars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Braun ◽  
Samra Hamzic ◽  
Johanna M. Doerr ◽  
Laura Peters ◽  
Maxime Viard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Oral Sensitivity ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Faucial Pillar

AbstractDysphagia is common in neurological disease. However, our understanding of swallowing and its central nervous control is limited. Sensory information plays a vital role in the initiation of the swallowing reflex and is often reduced in stroke patients. We hypothesized that the sensitivity threshold of the anterior faucial pillar could be facilitated by either electrical stimulation (ES) or taste and smell information. The sensitivity threshold was measured by ES in the anterior faucial pillar region. The measurement was repeated 5 min after baseline. Thirty minutes after baseline, the participants underwent a test for taste and smell. Immediately after the test, the ES was repeated. Thirty healthy volunteers with a mean age of 27 ± 5.1 participated in the trial. Mean sensitivity threshold at baseline was 1.9 ± 0.59 mA. The values 5 min after baseline (1.74 ± 0.56 mA, p = 0.027) and 30 min after baseline (1.67 ± 0.58 mA, p = 0.011) were significantly lower compared to the baseline, but there was no difference between the latter (p = 0.321). After 5 min, a potentially facilitating effect was found on oral sensitivity by ES of the faucial pillar area. Thirty minutes later, this effect was still present.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03240965. Registered 7th August 2017—https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03240965.

Afferent renal inputs to paraventricular nucleus vasopressin and oxytocin neurosecretory neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1745-R1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ciriello
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
Discharge Patterns ◽  
Stimulation Of

Extracellular single-unit recording experiments were done in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves (ARN) and renal vein (RVO) or artery (RAO) occlusion on the discharge rate of putative arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (Oxy) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). PVH neurons antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis were classified as either AVP or Oxy secreting on the basis of their spontaneous discharge patterns and response to activation of arterial baroreceptors. Ninety-eight putative neurosecretory neurons in the PVH were tested for their response to electrical stimulation of ARN: 44 were classified as putative AVP and 54 as putative Oxy neurons. Of the 44 AVP neurons, 52% were excited, 7% were inhibited, and 41% were nonresponsive to ARN stimulation. Of the 54 Oxy neurons, 43% were excited, 6% inhibited, and 51% were not affected by ARN. An additional 45 neurosecretory neurons (29 AVP and 16 Oxy neurons) were tested for their responses to RVO and/or RAO. RVO inhibited 42% of the putative AVP neurons and 13% of the putative Oxy neurons. On the other hand, RAO excited 33% of the AVP and 9% of the Oxy neurons. No AVP or Oxy neurons were found to be excited by RVO or inhibited by RAO. These data indicate that sensory information originating in renal receptors alters the activity of AVP and Oxy neurons in the PVH and suggest that these renal receptors contribute to the hypothalamic control of AVP and Oxy release into the circulation.

Nervous Control of Chromatophores in Teleost Fishes

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
J. D. PYE
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Pulse Repetition Rate ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Electrical threshold curves have been obtained for the stimulation by square and saw-tooth pulses of peripheral melanophore-aggregating nerve fibres in the minnow, Phoxinus. The responses show complete independence of pulse repetition rate over a wide range. 2. The results of von Gelei on the electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in ergotamine-treated minnows have been confirmed but it is found that the melanophore-dispersing activity may pass forwards or backwards from a stimulating electrode at any level of the spinal cord. 3. Identical results have been obtained for melanophore-aggregating activity in non-ergotized fish. All the spinal responses are slow and incomplete at repetition rates below 10/sec. 4. Von Gelei's arguments for mapping the pathways of melanophore-dispersing nerve fibres are shown to be insupportable.

scholarly journals Suppression of the Swallowing Reflex during Rhythmic Jaw Movements Induced by Repetitive Electrical Stimulation of the Dorsomedial Part of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus in Rats

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Satoh ◽  
Kojun Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

A previous study indicated that the swallowing reflex is inhibited during rhythmic jaw movements induced by electrical stimulation of the anterior cortical masticatory area. Rhythmic jaw movements were induced by electrical stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA). The swallowing central pattern generator is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the lateral reticular formation in the medulla. Morphological studies have reported that the CeA projects to the NTS and the lateral reticular formation. It is therefore likely that the CeA is related to the control of the swallowing reflex. The purpose of this study was to determine if rhythmic jaw movements driven by CeA had inhibitory roles in the swallowing reflex induced by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Rats were anesthetised with urethane. The SLN was solely stimulated for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded (SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation). Next, the SLN and the CeA were electrically stimulated at the same time for 10 s, and the swallowing reflex was recorded during rhythmic jaw movements (SLN + CeA stimulation). Finally, the SLN was solely stimulated (SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation). The number of swallows was reduced during rhythmic jaw movements. The onset latency of the first swallow was significantly longer in the SLN + CeA stimulation than in the SLN stimulation before SLN + CeA stimulation and SLN stimulation following SLN + CeA stimulation. These results support the idea that the coordination of swallowing reflex with rhythmic jaw movements could be regulated by the CeA.

The Nervous Control of Limb Autotomy in the Hermit Crab Pagurus Bernhardus (L.) and the Role of the Cuticular Stress Detector, CSD1

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN FINDLAY ◽  
ALISTAIR MCVEAN
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Limb Segment ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Limb autotomy results from the fracture of a preformed breakage plane within the second limb segment. Fracture is produced by the contraction of the large anterior levator (AL) muscle at the same time as its synergist, the posterior levator (PL) muscle. The AL force is thus directed on to a small portion of the breakage plane; withdrawal of this plug initiates cuticular fracture. Autotomy is a response to damage inflicted on the limb. In the absence of sensory information from the second limb segment there is less activity in the units serving the PL. It is shown that stimulation of the sense organ, cuticular stress detector one, provides feedback to PL motor neurones. The feedback is an integral part of the nervous control of limb autotomy.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on the Nervous Control of the Renal Circulation-Effect of the Electrical Stimulation of the Diencephalon on the Renal Circulation

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugoro TAKEUCHI ◽  
Sigeru YAGI ◽  
Shosaku NAKAYAMA ◽  
Takao IKEDA ◽  
Eiichi UCHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Renal Circulation ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

Induction of the Swallowing Reflex by Electrical Stimulation of the Posterior Oropharyngeal Region in Awake Humans

Dysphagia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanako Takatsuji ◽  
Hossain Md. Zakir ◽  
Rahman Md. Mostafeezur ◽  
Isao Saito ◽  
Yoshiaki Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

Pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve plays a major role in reflex swallowing from the pharynx

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. R1342-R1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Kitagawa ◽  
Tomio Shingai ◽  
Yoshihiro Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiaki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Swallowing Reflex ◽  
Pharyngeal Branch ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mechanical stimulation of the pharyngeal areas readily elicits reflex swallowing. However, it is much more difficult for electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN) to evoke reflex swallowing than it is for stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) to do so. These paradoxical findings remain unexplained; hence, the main purpose of this study was to explain this contradiction by using a urethane-anesthetized rat. Mechanical stimulation easily elicited reflex swallowing from the pharynx. The posterior pillars, posterior pharyngeal wall, and the soft palate of the rat were extremely reflexogenic areas for swallowing. Sectioning the pharyngeal branch of the GPN (GPN-ph), however, eliminated the swallowing reflex from these areas. In contrast, sectioning the lingual branch of the GPN had no effect on the elicitation of swallowing. Electrical stimulation of the GPN-ph and SLN elicited sequentially occurring swallows. The relationship between stimulus frequency and the latency of swallowing for the GPN-ph was approximately the same as that for the SLN. These results indicate that the GPN-ph plays a major role in the initiation of reflex swallowing from the pharynx in rats.

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