scholarly journals Type of discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose is associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Lijiao Yang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Weijing Bian ◽  
Fengbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Consistent Group

Abstract Background The discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in clinical practice may be related to factors such as acute stress, renal dysfunction, and anemia, and its relationship with in-hospital outcomes is uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the type of discrepancy between HbA1c and FPG and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes. Methods The Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project is a national, hospital-based quality improvement project with an ongoing database. Patients with ACS, diabetes and complete HbA1c and FBG values at admission were included. The consistent group included patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. The discrepancy group included patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L (increased HbA1c group) or HbA1c < 6.5% and FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (increased FBG group). Results A total of 7,762 patients were included in this study. The numbers of patients in the consistent group and discrepancy group were 5,490 and 2,272 respectively. In the discrepancy group, increased HbA1c accounted for 77.5% of discrepancies, and increased FPG accounted for 22.5% of discrepancies. After adjusting for confounders, patients in the increased FPG group had a 1.6-fold increased risk of heart failure (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08–2.44), a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite cardiovascular death and heart failure (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.09–2.43), and a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and heart failure (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08–2.24). Conclusions Patients with an increased FPG but normal HbA1c had a higher risk of in-hospital adverse outcomes than those with increased HbA1c but normal FPG. This result may indicate that when HbA1c and FPG are inconsistent in patients with ACS and diabetes, the increased FPG that may be caused by stress hyperglycemia may have a more substantial adverse effect than increased HbA1c, which may be caused by chronic hyperglycemia. These high-risk patients should be given more attention and closer monitoring in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Type of discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose is associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Lijiao Yang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Weijing Bian ◽  
Fengbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Consistent Group

Abstract Background The discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in clinical practice may be related to factors such as acute stress, renal dysfunction, and anemia, and its relationship with in-hospital outcomes is uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the type of discrepancy between HbA1c and FPG and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes. Methods The Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project is a national, hospital-based quality improvement project with an ongoing database. Patients with ACS, diabetes and complete HbA1c and FPG values at admission were included. The consistent group included patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. The discrepancy group included patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L (increased HbA1c group) or HbA1c < 6.5% and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (increased FBG group).Results A total of 7,762 patients were included in this study. The numbers of patients in the consistent group and discrepancy group were 5,490 and 2,272 respectively. In the discrepancy group, increased HbA1c accounted for 77.5% of discrepancies, and increased FPG accounted for 22.5% of discrepancies. After adjusting for confounders, patients in the increased FPG group had a 1.6-fold increased risk of heart failure (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.44), a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite cardiovascular death and heart failure (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.09-2.43), and a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and heart failure (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-2.24).Conclusions Patients with an increased FPG but normal HbA1c had a higher risk of in-hospital adverse outcomes than those with increased HbA1c but normal FPG. This result may indicate that when HbA1c and FPG are inconsistent in patients with ACS and diabetes, the increased FPG that may be caused by stress hyperglycemia may have a more substantial adverse effect than increased HbA1c, which may be caused by chronic hyperglycemia. These high-risk patients should be given more attention and closer monitoring in clinical practice.Trial registry: Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT02306616. Registered 29 November 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02306616?term=NCT02306616&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Type of discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose is associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Lijiao Yang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Weijing Bian ◽  
Fengbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Consistent Group

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate the association between types of discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes, based on Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - acute coronary syndrome project. MethodsCCC-ACS project is a national, hospital-based quality improvement project. Patients with ACS, diabetes and complete HbA1c and FBG value at admission were included in this study. Patients were divided into consistent group and discrepancy group based on the HbA1c and FBG value at admission. Consistent group included patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L, or patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. Discrepancy group included patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L, or patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. Discrepancy group was further divided into increased HbA1c group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L) and increased FBG group (HbA1c < 6.5% and FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L).ResultsA total of 7,762 patients were included in this study. Patients in consistent group and discrepancy group were 5,490 (70.7%) and 2,272 (29.3%) respectively. In discrepancy group, increased HbA1c group accounted for 77.5% (1,761/2,272), and increased FPG group accounted for 22.5% (511/2,272). After adjusting for confounders by multivariate logistic regression model, patients in increased FPG group had a significantly 1.6-fold increased risk of heart failure (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.44), a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.09-2.43), and a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite of MACCE and heart failure (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-2.24).Conclusions Patients with an increased level of FPG but normal HbA1c had a higher risk of in-hospital cardiovascular adverse outcomes than those with an increased level of HbA1c but normal FPG. These patients should be given more attention and closer monitoring in clinical practice in order to improve the in-hospital outcomes.

scholarly journals Admission fasting plasma glucose is associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Lijiao Yang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Weijing Bian ◽  
Fengbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract BackgroundThe discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in clinical practice may be related to factors such as acute stress, renal dysfunction, and anemia, and its relationship with in-hospital outcomes is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the type of discrepancy between HbA1c and FPG and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes.MethodsThe Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China - Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project is a national, hospital-based quality improvement project with an ongoing database. Patients with ACS, diabetes and complete HbA1c and FPG values at admission were included. The consistent group included patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. The discrepancy group included patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L (increased HbA1c group) or HbA1c < 6.5% and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (increased FBG group).ResultsA total of 7,762 patients were included in this study. The numbers of patients in the consistent and discrepancy groups were 5,490 and 2,272 respectively. In the discrepancy group, increased HbA1c accounted for 77.5% of discrepancies, and increased FPG accounted for 22.5% of discrepancies. After adjusting for confounders, patients in the increased FPG group had a 1.6-fold increased risk of heart failure (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.44), a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite cardiovascular death and heart failure (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.09-2.43), and a 1.6-fold increased risk of composite major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and heart failure (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-2.24) compared to patients in the increased HbA1c group.Conclusions Patients with an increased FPG but normal HbA1c had a higher risk of in-hospital adverse outcomes than those with increased HbA1c but normal FPG.This result may indicate that when HbA1c and FPG are inconsistent in patients with ACS and diabetes, the increased FPG that may be caused by stress hyperglycemia may have a more substantial adverse effect than increased HbA1c, which may be caused by chronic hyperglycemia. These high-risk patients should be given more attention and closer monitoring in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Evolving Phenotypes of Cardiovascular Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Correale ◽  
Francesca Croella ◽  
Alessandra Leopizzi ◽  
Pietro Mazzeo ◽  
Lucia Tricarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
New World ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the management of patients with acute and chronic cardiovascular disease: acute coronary syndrome patients were often not timely reperfused, heart failure patients not adequately followed up and titrated, atrial arrhythmias not efficaciously treated and became chronic. New phenotypes of cardiovascular patients were more and more frequent during COVID-19 pandemic and are expected to be even more frequent in the next future in the new world shaped by the pandemic. We therefore aimed to briefly summarize the main changes in the phenotype of cardiovascular patients in the COVID-19 era, focusing on new clinical challenges and possible therapeutic options.

Abstract P478: Trends in Concurrent Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalizations: A Literature Review

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Godfrey ◽  
Laura Cohen ◽  
Susan Hennessy ◽  
Brandon Bellows
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: Patients who present with concurrent heart failure (HF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have an increased risk of mortality, but changes in clinical practice have improved clinical outcomes. We sought to examine recent trends in concurrent HF and ACS hospitalizations in the United States (US) through review of published literature. Methods: We searched the Medline and PubMed databases for studies published after January 1, 2000 reporting the hospitalizations for HF with concurrent acute coronary syndromes. We included studies performed in the US or with at least 25% US participants, that reported the proportion with concurrent HF and ACS, and used a clinical definition of HF (e.g. Killip Class II or III, NYHA Class, or Framingham Criteria). Studies were reviewed by and data was extracted using a standardized form. We extracted study and patient characteristics, definition of HF, and rates of concurrent HF and ACS hospitalizations. We categorized included studies by ACS type: (1) non-specific myocardial infarction (MI) or ACS, (2) non-ST elevation (NSTE) MI or NSTE-ACS, or (3) ST elevation (STE) MI. We descriptively examined recent trends in hospitalizations for concurrent HF and ACS over time; rates reported for multiple time periods or ACS types were considered separately. Results: We identified 23 observational studies, systematic reviews, and randomized clinical trials. Of these, we excluded 13 due to non-US populations, use of non-clinical definitions of HF (i.e., diagnosis codes), or not reporting rates of concurrent HF and ACS. Of the 10 included studies, 7 reported concurrent HF with non-specific MI or ACS from 1975 through 2005 across multiple registries and literature reviews. Rates ranged from 12.5% to 48.0% with no clear time-related trends. We identified 3 studies reporting concurrent HF with NSTEMI or NSTE-ACS from pooled analysis or the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) registry from 1994 to 2008. Reported rates ranged from 8.2%-15.7% for studies starting in the 1990s with one study reporting and 6.1% in 2005. We identified 4 studies reporting concurrent HF with STEMI, including a pooled analysis, the GRACE registry, and a clinical trial. Rates of concurrent HF with STEMI appeared to decrease over time from 32.5% in 1990 to 1998, 15.6%-19.5% from 1999 to 2001, and 2.6%-11.0% in 2005. Conclusion: Our literature review found that there may be a decrease in concurrent HF and STEMI hospitalizations in recent decades, but no apparent trends with other types of ACS. This may be related to emphasis on early revascularization strategies, improved primary prevention, and/or earlier time to presentation due to increasing public awareness.. However, there was a dearth of data reporting concurrent HF and ACS hospitalization within the last decade. Further research is needed to understand the impact of multiple changes in clinical practice on secular trends.

scholarly journals Adverse Outcome Prediction of Iron Deficiency in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Zeller ◽  
Christoph Waldeyer ◽  
Francisco Ojeda ◽  
Renate Schnabel ◽  
Sarina Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Increased Risk

Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. While iron deficient heart failure patients are at increased risk of future cardiovascular events and see improvement with intravenous supplementation, the clinical relevance of iron deficiency in acute coronary syndrome remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of iron deficiency in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Levels of ferritin, iron, and transferrin were measured at baseline in 836 patients with ACS. A total of 29.1% was categorized as iron deficient. The prevalence of iron deficiency was clearly higher in women (42.8%), and in patients with anemia (42.5%). During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 111 subjects (13.3%) experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular mortality as combined endpoint. Iron deficiency strongly predicted non-fatal MI and cardiovascular mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.26; p = 0.037) adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking status, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, body-mass-index (BMI) This association remained significant (HR 1.73 (95% CI 1.07–2.81; p = 0.026)) after an additional adjustment for surrogates of cardiac function and heart failure severity (N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP), for the size of myocardial necrosis (troponin), and for anemia (hemoglobin). Survival analyses for cardiovascular mortality and MI provided further evidence for the prognostic relevance of iron deficiency (HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.02–2.20)). Our data showed that iron deficiency is strongly associated with adverse outcome in acute coronary syndrome.

Analysis of situation of acute coronary syndrome based on the date of the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC-ACS) project: single-centre observational study

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2019-137008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Li ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Xiexiong Zhao ◽  
Nana You ◽  
Yuyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Central South ◽  
Usage Rates

BackgroundWe are currently faced with an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in China and the inadequacy of the application of guidelines in clinical practice. In the past decade, China has been strengthening the healthcare system, but it still lacked a national performance measurement system and an appropriate quality improvement strategy. Therefore, in order to improve the implementation of guideline recommendations in clinical practice, China has learnt from the successful experience of Get With The Guidelines project in 2014. Under the guidance of the Medical and Health Hospital of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the Chinese Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association jointly launched the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC) project. The project team provided an analysis report on the completion of key medical quality evaluation indicators of each hospital every month, supplied guidance through education, training, experience exchange and on-site investigation for problems, and certified hospitals with outstanding performance and obvious progress. The circle pattern, including evaluation, training, improvement and re-evaluation, will boost the guidelines compliance on clinical practice in China and improve the quality of medical services.MethodsThis study was conducted in a centre of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. It included patients with ACS from December 2009 to December 2011 (n=225), patients with ACS in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome project coming from the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (n=665), 12 hospitals in Hunan Province (n=4333) and 150 hospitals in China (n=63 641) from November 2014 to April 2017. It assessed the situation of drug therapy, hospitalisation day, mortality during hospitalisation, median of door-to-needle (D-to-N) time and median of door-to-balloon (D-to-B) time of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the proportion of D-to-N within 30 min and D-to-B within 90 min, and the proportion of reperfusion therapy. Patients with ACS from the centre from November 2014 to April 2017 were divided into five groups (every 6 months as a group according to time). The study observed change trends in all the above-mentioned indexes.ResultsCompared with before participating in the CCC project, there were increases after participating in the CCC project in the drug usage rates of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor), β-blocker, statin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB). Hospitalisation day and mortality during hospitalisation were shortened. D-to-N and D-to-B times of patients with STEMI were shorter. Compared with Hunan Province and China, the drug usage rates were higher; hospitalisation day and D-to-N time were shorter; D-to-B time was longer; and the proportion of reperfusion therapy was higher. The trend of drug usage rates was on the rise. There was no significant change in the hospitalisation day and D-to-N and D-to-B times. The mortality during hospitalisation showed a downward trend. The proportion of D-to-N within 90 min and reperfusion therapy showed upward trends.ConclusionQuality of care for patients with ACS improved over time in the CCC project, including taking medicine following the guidelines, increased use of reperfusion therapy and faster time to treatment. Although overall mortality has improved, we also should attach importance to high-risk patients. The influence of the CCC project, which is based on guidelines on prognosis of ACS in the centre, presents an important clinical implication that it is necessary to enhance adherence to the guidelines in the treatment of ACS.

P5558Conditions associated with eosinophilic myocarditis: a national population-based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Li ◽  
L Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Eosinophilic Myocarditis ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Background Eosinophilic Myocarditis (EM) is a rare but potentially fatal form of myocardial inflammation, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the myocardium. Due to its rare occurrence, there has been no descriptive study of EM on the population level. Purpose Our study aims to use a large national database to describe the prevalence, associated clinical conditions and hospital outcomes of EM. Methods We analyzed the 2016 National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) for all hospitalizations with a diagnosis of EM. Prevalence and baseline characteristics of EM were described and compared with non-EM admissions, as well as associated clinical conditions. Results In 2016, there were 170 admissions with a diagnosis of EM. Among those, White represented the major ethnic group, followed by African American, Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American, and Hispanic (Fig. 1). There was no significant gender predisposition to EM, but EM patients presented at an older age compared with the general population. The prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Myeloproliferative disorders, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Heart Failure, Arrhythmia, Heart Transplant, Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Eosinophilia was significantly higher in EM patients. Also, EM patients had higher mortality. (Table 1) Table 1. A comparison of EM and Non-EM EM (n=170) Non-EM (n=35,675,421) P-value Demographic   Age, years 61.53±2.93 49.00±0.19 P=0.007   Female, % 50.00±7.80 56.72±0.10 P=0.38 Clinical Conditions   Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, % 2.94±2.74 0.50±0.01 P=0.03   Myeloproliferative Disorder, % 8.82±4.33 0.52±0.01 P<0.001   Acute Coronary Syndrome, % 20.59±6.07 6.55±0.06 P<0.001   Heart Failure, % 61.76±9.42 13.29±0.10 P<0.001   Arrhythmia, % 14.71±7.25 2.44±0.03 P<0.001   Heart Transplant, % 2.94±2.84 0.06±0.005 P<0.001   EGPA, % 2.94±2.92 0.00±0.00 P<0.001   Eosinophilia, % 5.88±3.95 0.07±0.002 P<0.001 Outcome   Mortality, % 8.82±4.83 1.91±0.02 P=0.003 Data is presented in the format of the mean ± standard error. Figure 1. Racial distribution of EM patients Conclusion(s) Eosinophilic Myocarditis is rare, and it's associated with autoimmune diseases, cardiac complications, and worse hospital outcomes.

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