scholarly journals Water hardness influenced reproductive potential in two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abarna Krishnakumar ◽  
Anton Patrick ◽  
Uthpala Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Test Species

Abstract Objective: Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affect reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. The study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria. Results: Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant growth of P. reticulata (p=0.005) at 900ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by reporting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improved significantly in P. reticulata at 900ppm level. Understanding reproductive potential of aquarium fishes in natural waters is crucial for their propagation purposes. .

scholarly journals Water hardness influenced reproductive dynamics in two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abarna Krishnakumar ◽  
Anton Patrick ◽  
Uthpala Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Test Species

Abstract Objective: Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affect reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. The study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria. Results: Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant growth of P. reticulata (p = 0.005) at 900 ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900 ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by reporting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900 ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improvement significantly in P. reticulata at 900 ppm level. Understanding reproductive dynamics in natural waters are crucial for propagation and conservation perspectives of freshwater fishes.

scholarly journals Water hardness influenced variations in reproductive potential of two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abarna Krishnakumar ◽  
E. S. Patrick Anton ◽  
Uthpala A. Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Test Species

Abstract Objective Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affects reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. This study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria. Results Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant progress of P. reticulata (p = 0.005) at 900 ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.6) at 900 ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by resulting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900 ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control condition (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, the study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improved significantly in P. reticulata at 900 ppm level. Understanding reproductive potential of aquarium fishes in natural waters is crucial for their management purposes.

scholarly journals Water hardness influenced variations in reproductive potential of two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abarna Krishnakumar ◽  
Anton Patrick ◽  
Uthpala Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Test Species

Abstract Objective: Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affects reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. This study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria. Results: Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant progress of P. reticulata (p=0.005) at 900ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by resulting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control condition (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, the study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improved significantly in P. reticulata at 900ppm level. Understanding reproductive potential of aquarium fishes in natural waters is crucial for their management purposes.

The box-balance model: a new tool to assess fish larval survival, applied to field data on two small pelagic fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raya ◽  
J Salat ◽  
A Sabatés
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Mesoscale Structures

This work develops a new method, the box-balance model (BBM), to assess the role of hydrodynamic structures in the survival of fish larvae. The BBM was applied in the northwest Mediterranean to field data, on 2 small pelagic fish species whose larvae coexist in summer: Engraulis encrasicolus, a dominant species, and Sardinella aurita, which is expanding northwards in relation to sea warming. The BBM allows one to quantify the contribution of circulation, with significant mesoscale activity, to the survival of fish larvae, clearly separating the effect of transport from biological factors. It is based on comparing the larval abundances at age found in local target areas, associated with the mesoscale structures (boxes), to those predicted by the overall mortality rate of the population in the region. The application of the BBM reveals that dispersion/retention by hydrodynamic structures favours the survival of E. encrasicolus larvae. In addition, since larval growth and mortality rates of the species are required parameters for application of the BBM, we present their estimates for S. aurita in the region for the first time. Although growth and mortality rates found for S. aurita are both higher than for E. encrasicolus, their combined effect confers a lower survival to S. aurita larvae. Thus, although the warming trend in the region would contribute to the expansion of the fast-growing species S. aurita, we can confirm that E. encrasicolus is well established, with a better adapted survival strategy.

scholarly journals Analysis of reproductive biology and spawning season of the pink ear emperor Lethrinus lentjan, from marine ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elsayed M. Younis ◽  
Nasser A. Al-Asgah ◽  
Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith ◽  
Mohamed H. Gabr ◽  
Fozi S. Shamlol
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Maturation Index ◽  
One Year

A total of 593 samples of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) were collected from the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to study their productive biology and spawning season of the local population. Sampling was carried out on a monthly basis for a period of one year. The monthly sex ratios indicated that females were dominant throughout the study period, with an overall male:female sex ratio of 1:7.98, although males were larger than females. The highest monthly performance maturation index (PMI), as well as the male and female gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ovarian maturation rate (OMR) were observed in February and March. Histological examination of the gonads confirmed the process of sexual transformation in this fish species, wherein individuals mature first as female, and then change sex to male (protogynous hermaphroditism). Histological sections also showed that the sexual maturation of males of L. lenjtan comprised three main stages, while the sexual development of females could be classified into four main stages. Extended spawning in the form of batches released during different months throughout the year were recorded for this fish species, with the main spawning season in February and March, and an additional, shorter spawning season in September.

scholarly journals Ecological Quality of Natural Waters from of Kharkiv Urban Springs

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Rigidity Index ◽  
The City

Purpose. Estimation of ecological safety of spring waters of the city of Kharkiv. Methods. Field research, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, analytical methods for studying water quality indicators. Results. Natural water samples were analyzed on the following parameters: pH, electrical potential, nitrate content, chlorides, ammonia, transparency, turbidity, and water hardness. The highest values of the content of nitrates, nitrites, as well as the level of alkalinity and rigidity were found in a sample from the Kholodnogorsk spring. In the water from the Zhukovsky spring the high content of chlorides is found, which is one and a half times higher than the concentration in water from other city springs. In the water from the Glyboky Yar spring the lowest mineralization of water was detected, and in the water from the Sarzhin Yar spring - the highest of the studied samples of water from the natural springs of Kharkiv. However, all identified pollutant concentrations except for the rigidity index is not dangerous for a person, because they are not exceeded by the MAC. The results of research on water samples from the Sarzhin Yar spring and from the spring in Yunost park (Kholodnogorsk source) in 2019, compared to the results of a similar study conducted in 2015. It was determined that in the water from the Sarzhin Yar spring the rigidity index increased 3.4 times, and in the sample from the spring in Yunost park (Kholodnogorsk spring) almost 6 times. Conclusions. It is determined that in the territory of the city of Kharkiv, water from the Zhukovskii spring in the Kyivskiy district is fully suitable for consumption, because its chemical composition is fully in line with the sanitary norms that apply to drinking spring waters. The value of the level of hardness of water in all samples, except Zhukovsky spring, indicate that the normative value exceeds 2-3 times. The rigidity of drinking water that exceeds the MAC may adversely affect human health. Therefore, the only ecologically safe, among the investigated, can be considered water from the Zhukovsky spring (Kievskiy district in Kharkiv). For other sources, it is recommended to modernize the water collection sites for the population, reconstruct the system of water supply for the supply of water from these sources, as well as to introduce additional stages of their treatment on the way to the consumer.

Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Silver Eel ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Silver Eels ◽  
Somatic Tissues

<em>Abstract.—</em>The American eel <em>Anguilla rostrata </em>is declining in the St. Lawrence River watershed, where sex ratio is highly unbalanced in favor of females. Since the American eel is a panmictic species, this demographic dominance is implicated in reproductive potential of the species. The major objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive strategies of five subpopulations of female eels. It was assumed that fecundity varies among subpopulations according to their migration distance because of the tradeoff between energy allocated to gonads and to somatic tissues. Thirty female silver eels were collected from each of five locations in the St. Lawrence watershed 2,850–4,300 km from the spawning area. Among subpopulations, mean length ranged from 67.9 to 104.3 cm, weight from 595 to 2,366 g, fecundity from 6.5 to 14.5 million oocytes, age from 20 to 23 years, gonadosomatic index from 2.9 to 4.1%, and somatic lipid content from 17.5 to 21.7%. Because of panmixia, no genetic influence on intersite variability is expected. Environmental differences in growth habitats and individual fitness might determine acquisition and allocation of resources, as well as subsequent variability in traits that would affect reproduction. In contrast to previous hypotheses, variations in such traits were attributed to eel size rather than migration distance. The number of oocytes per silver eel was positively correlated with length rather than negatively correlated with migration distance. In the St. Lawrence watershed, large eels are highly fecund regardless of their distance from the spawning ground.

scholarly journals Effect of introduced species and habitat alteration on the occurrence and distribution of euryhaline fishes in fresh- and brackish-water habitats on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (South Caribbean)

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hulsman ◽  
R. Vonk ◽  
M. Aliabadian ◽  
A.O. Debrot ◽  
V. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Induced Changes

We conducted an ichthyological survey during the dry season of 2006 on the semi-arid islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao to provide information on species composition, richness and distribution in natural and non-natural aquatic habitats. The dry season species assemblages (N = 9 species) comprised less species than the wet seasons, and these data refine our knowledge of the indigenous fish fauna and its refuge localities during phases of drought and ensuing high salinity. A hierarchical cluster analysis reveals that the three islands have different species compositions with Curaçao being the most diverse, probably due to its having the most habitats and freshwaters present throughout the year. Species richness was unrelated to salinity and species diversity was highest in canalised streams. In the dry season fewer amphidromous species are present than in the wet season. We found no significant effect of human-induced changes on the presence or absence of fish species in the Netherlands Antilles. The presence of exotic species (including Xiphophorus helleri on Aruba, a first record for this island, and Oreochromis mossambicus and Poecilia reticulata occurring on all three islands) did not have a clear effect on the presence of indigenous species, nor did human alteration of the habitats have an influence on the occurrence of fish species.

scholarly journals Reproductive indicators of the endemic species Astyanax bifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) in a tributary of the Lower Iguaçu River Basin, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e47720
Author(s):  
Elton Celton de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Auache-Filho ◽  
Denis Damasio ◽  
Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi ◽  
Maria Antônia Michels-Souza
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Iguaçu River

The reproductive process promotes morphophysiological and behavioral changes in fish species throughout their life cycle. Its success is vital to define their resilience in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive biology of the endemic fish species Astyanax bifasciatus in a tributary of the Lower Iguaçu River Basin, Paraná, Brazil. Fish were collected monthly at four sites along the Jirau Alto River in the city of Dois Vizinhos from October 2015 to September 2016. A standardized catch effort with gill nets and fish traps was used. In the laboratory, standard length and total weight were recorded. After anesthesia, the animals were sectioned to macroscopically determine the sex, sexual maturity stage, and presence of celomatic fat. The gonads and liver were removed to determine the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes, respectively. A total of 160 individuals (104 females and 56 males) were used. The gonadosomatic index, frequency of the gonadal maturation stages, and condition factor showed a long reproductive period with two investment cycles for both sex. Length at first sexual maturity was 4.57 cm for females and 3.56 cm for males. The reproductive data corroborate the generalist profile of the species and demonstrate a high degree of adaptive capacity, even in smaller tributaries.

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