scholarly journals ABBV-744 and Onalespid as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Enzyme: A Promising Therapeutics in COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Fakhar ◽  
Shama Khan ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pharmacophore Modeling ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Active Inhibitor ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Abstract A new pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and become pandemic with thousands new deaths and infected cases globally. To address coronavirus disease (COVID-19), currently no effective drug or vaccine is available. This necessity motivated us to explore potential lead compounds by considering drug repurposing approach targeting main protease (Mpro) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. This enzyme considered to be an attractive drug target as it contributes significantly in mediating viral replication and transcription. Herein, comprehensive computational investigations were performed to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme. The structure-based pharmacophore modeling was developed based on the co-crystallized structure of the enzyme with its biological active inhibitor. The generated hypotheses were applied for virtual screening based PhaseScore. Docking based virtual screening work-flow was used to generate hit compounds using HTVS, SP and XP based Glide GScore. The pharmacological and physicochemical properties of the best hit compounds were characterized using ADMET. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the binding affinities of the considered compounds. Binding studies revealed that compound ABBV-744 binds to the Mpro with strong affinity (Gbind -45.43 kcal/mol), and the complex is more stable in comparison with other protein-ligand complexes. Our study classified three best compounds which could be considered as promising inhibitors against main protease SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals ABBV-744 as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynab Fakhar ◽  
Shama Khan ◽  
Suliman Y. AlOmar ◽  
Afrah Alkhuriji ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pharmacophore Modeling ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Active Inhibitor ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

AbstractA new pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and become pandemic with thousands new deaths and infected cases globally. To address coronavirus disease (COVID-19), currently no effective drug or vaccine is available. This necessity motivated us to explore potential lead compounds by considering drug repurposing approach targeting main protease (Mpro) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. This enzyme considered to be an attractive drug target as it contributes significantly in mediating viral replication and transcription. Herein, comprehensive computational investigations were performed to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme. The structure-based pharmacophore modeling was developed based on the co-crystallized structure of the enzyme with its biological active inhibitor. The generated hypotheses were applied for virtual screening based PhaseScore. Docking based virtual screening workflow was used to generate hit compounds using HTVS, SP and XP based Glide GScore. The pharmacological and physicochemical properties of the selected lead compounds were characterized using ADMET. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the binding affinities of the considered lead compounds. Binding energies revealed that compound ABBV-744 binds to the Mpro with strong affinity (ΔGbind −45.43 kcal/mol), and the complex is more stable in comparison with other protein–ligand complexes. Our study classified three best compounds which could be considered as promising inhibitors against main protease SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals Computational Prediction of Potential Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Abel ◽  
María Paredes Ramos ◽  
Qiaofeng Chen ◽  
Horacio Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Flaminia Coluzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Potential

The rapidly developing pandemic, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently spread across 213 countries and territories. This pandemic is a dire public health threat—particularly for those suffering from hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, or diabetes; without approved treatments, it is likely to persist or recur. To facilitate the rapid discovery of inhibitors with clinical potential, we have applied ligand- and structure-based computational approaches to develop a virtual screening methodology that allows us to predict potential inhibitors. In this work, virtual screening was performed against two natural products databases, Super Natural II and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Additionally, we have used an integrated drug repurposing approach to computationally identify potential inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 in databases of drugs (both approved and withdrawn). Roughly 360,000 compounds were screened using various molecular fingerprints and molecular docking methods; of these, 80 docked compounds were evaluated in detail, and the 12 best hits from four datasets were further inspected via molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, toxicity and cytochrome inhibition profiles were computationally analyzed for the selected candidate compounds.

scholarly journals Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Identified via a Molecular Dynamics Simulation-Guided in Vitro Assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Loschwitz ◽  
Anna Jäckering ◽  
Monika Keutmann ◽  
Maryam Olagunju ◽  
Raphael J. Eberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<div>For the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there are currently no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this coronavirus infection. In this study, we focus on the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, 3CL pro , which is critical for viral replication. We employ explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of about 150 compounds docked into 3CL pro ’s binding site and that had emerged as good main protease ligands from our previous in silico screening of over 1.2 million compounds. By incoporating protein dynamics and applying a range of structural descriptors, such as the ability to form specific contacts with the catalytic dyad residues of 3CL pro and the structural fluctuations of the ligands in the binding site, we are able to further refine our compound selection. Fourteen compounds including estradiol shown to be the most promising based on our calculations were procured and screened against recombinant 3CL pro in a fluorescence assay. Eight of these compounds have significant activity in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Among these are corilagin, a gallotannin, and lurasidone, an antipsychotic drug, which emerged as the most promising natural product and drug, respectively, and might thus be candidates for drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, we also tested the inhibitory activity of testosterone, and our results reveal testosterone as possessing moderate inhibitory potency against the 3CL pro enzyme, which may thus provide an explanation why older men are more severely affected by COVID-19.</div>

scholarly journals Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 Identified via a Molecular Dynamics Simulation-Guided in Vitro Assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Loschwitz ◽  
Anna Jäckering ◽  
Monika Keutmann ◽  
Maryam Olagunju ◽  
Raphael J. Eberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<div>For the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there are currently no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this coronavirus infection. In this study, we focus on the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, 3CL pro , which is critical for viral replication. We employ explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of about 150 compounds docked into 3CL pro ’s binding site and that had emerged as good main protease ligands from our previous in silico screening of over 1.2 million compounds. By incoporating protein dynamics and applying a range of structural descriptors, such as the ability to form specific contacts with the catalytic dyad residues of 3CL pro and the structural fluctuations of the ligands in the binding site, we are able to further refine our compound selection. Fourteen compounds including estradiol shown to be the most promising based on our calculations were procured and screened against recombinant 3CL pro in a fluorescence assay. Eight of these compounds have significant activity in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Among these are corilagin, a gallotannin, and lurasidone, an antipsychotic drug, which emerged as the most promising natural product and drug, respectively, and might thus be candidates for drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, we also tested the inhibitory activity of testosterone, and our results reveal testosterone as possessing moderate inhibitory potency against the 3CL pro enzyme, which may thus provide an explanation why older men are more severely affected by COVID-19.</div>

scholarly journals Exploring the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome in the Search of Potential Inhibitors via Structure-Based Pharmacophore Modeling/Docking Approach

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Giulia Culletta ◽  
Maria Rita Gulotta ◽  
Ugo Perricone ◽  
Maria Zappalà ◽  
Anna Maria Almerico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pharmacophore Modeling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Pharmacophore Models

To date, SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease, named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020, has caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite the scientific community efforts, there are currently no approved therapies for treating this coronavirus infection. The process of new drug development is expensive and time-consuming, so that drug repurposing may be the ideal solution to fight the pandemic. In this paper, we selected the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 and using homology modeling we identified the high-quality model of proteins. A structure-based pharmacophore modeling study was performed to identify the pharmacophore features for each target. The pharmacophore models were then used to perform a virtual screening against the DrugBank library (investigational, approved and experimental drugs). Potential inhibitors were identified for each target using XP docking and induced fit docking. MM-GBSA was also performed to better prioritize potential inhibitors. This study will provide new important comprehension of the crucial binding hot spots usable for further studies on COVID-19. Our results can be used to guide supervised virtual screening of large commercially available libraries.

scholarly journals An Integrative in Silico Drug Repurposing Approach for Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Djokovic ◽  
Dusan Ruzic ◽  
Teodora Djikic ◽  
Sandra Cvijic ◽  
Jelisaveta Ignjatovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

scholarly journals Structure-based virtual screening for new lead compounds targeted Plasmodium α-tubulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
O. V. Rayevsky ◽  
O. M. Demchyk ◽  
P. A. Karpov ◽  
S. P. Ozheredov ◽  
S. I. Spivak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Pharmacophore Model ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Key Functional Groups ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Aim. Search for new dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamide compounds, capable of selective binding with Plasmodium α-tubulin, affecting its mitotic apparatus. Methods. Structural biology methods of computational prediction of protein-ligand interaction: molecular docking, molecular dynamics and pharmacophore analysis. Selection of compounds based on pharmacophore characteristics and virtual screening results. Results. The protocol and required structural conditions for target (α-tubulin of P. falciparum) preparation and correct modeling of the ligand-protein interaction (docking and virtual screening) were developed. The generalized pharmacophore model of ligand-protein interaction and key functional groups of ligands responsible for specific binding were identified. Conclusions. Based on results of virtual screening, 22 commercial compounds were selected. Identified compounds proposed as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium mitotic machinery and the base of new antimalarial drugs. Keywords: malaria, Plasmodium, intermolecular interaction, dinitroaniline derived, phosphorothioamidate derived.

scholarly journals Haste makes waste: A critical review of docking‐based virtual screening in drug repurposing for SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (M‐pro) inhibition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Macip ◽  
Pol Garcia‐Segura ◽  
Júlia Mestres‐Truyol ◽  
Bryan Saldivar‐Espinoza ◽  
María José Ojeda‐Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Main Protease

Υπολογιστικά εργαλεία για την αναζήτηση νέων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων σε επιλεγμένους πρωτεϊνικούς στόχους

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευτυχία Κρίτση
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pharmacophore Modeling ◽  
Lead Optimization ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hiv 1

Στην παρούσα διατριβή πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτενής μελέτη για την αναζήτηση πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων (hits) από χημικές βιβλιοθήκες για τρείς βιολογικούς στόχους, μέσω της εφαρμογής εμπορικά διαθέσιμων in silico τεχνικών και μεθοδολογιών.Οι στόχοι που επιλέχθηκαν ανήκουν σε διαφορετικές κατηγορίες πρωτεϊνών με μεγάλο φαρμακευτικό ενδιαφέρον, που όμως παρουσιάζουν διαφορετικό επίπεδο ωριμότητας όσον αφορά την εφαρμογή υπολογιστικών εργαλείωνγια την ανακάλυψη νέων φαρμακευτικών ενώσεων. Συγκεριμένα, οι στόχοι που μελετήθηκαν είναι οι ακόλουθοι:•το ένζυμο της 14-α διμεθυλάσης της λανοστερόλης (CYP51) για την αναζήτηση νέων πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων με αντιμικροβιακές ιδιότητες,•το ένζυμο της HIV τύπου 1 πρωτεάσης (HIV-1 PR) για την αναζήτηση νέων πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων με αντι-HIV δράση,•ο διαμεμβρανικός υποδοχέας της Αγγειοτασίνης ΙΙ (ΑΤ1) για την αναζήτηση νέων πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών με αντιυπερτασική δράσηΟι κυριότερες τεχνικές που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την αναζήτηση πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων περιλαμβάνουν την Εικονική Σάρωση (Virtual Screening) με χρήση Φαρμακοφόρων Μοντέλων (Pharmacophore modeling), τη Μοριακή Πρόσδεση (Molecular Docking), την πρόβλεψη μοριακών ιδιοτήτων καθώς και Προσομοιώσεις Μοριακής Δυναμικής (Molecular Dynamics Simulations). Η στρατηγική που ακολουθήθηκε διαφέρει σημαντικά ανά στόχο όσον αφορά τη μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση και την επιλογή των υπολογιστικών εργαλείων-αλγορίθμων, δίνοντας έμφαση στη συμπληρωματικότητα των αποτελεσμάτων τους. Για την ανάδειξη των πρόδρομων βιοδραστικών ενώσεων, πραγματοποιήθηκαν in vitro βιολογικές δοκιμές των ενώσεων που προτάθηκαν μέσω των υπολογιστικών τεχνικών. Οι ενώσεις που επιλέχθηκαν παρουσίασαν ανασταλτική δράση (ή συγγένεια πρόσδεσης) σε ικανοποιητικό εύρος τιμών 102 nM–μΜ για να χαρακτηριστούν πρόδρομες βιοδραστικές. Μείζονος σημασίας είναι και το γεγονός ότι οι δομικοί σκελετοί των προτεινόμενων ενώσεων για κάθε στόχο, είναι διαφορετικοί τόσο μεταξύ τους όσο και συγκρινόμενοι με τα υφιστάμενα φαρμακευτικά μόρια. Ως εκ τούτου, μπορούν να αποτελέσουν κατάλληλα "υποστρώματα" για το επόμενο στάδιο που αφορά τη βελτιστοποίησή τους προς ενώσεις-οδηγούς (hit to lead optimization) και δυνητικά προς νέα φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα.

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