Behavioural Symptoms of Mental Health Disorder such as Depression among Young People using Instagram: A Systematic Review

Abstract There is a growing debate on the linkage between social networking platforms and mental health disorder, such as depressive behaviour or depression. However, the relationship between Instagram use and depression or depressive behaviour has not been exhaustively examined. This review aims to examine these two variables. Only peer-reviewed journal articles that are published between October 2010 and December 2018 were sought in central and journal databases. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria and assessed for risk of bias and quality of evidence using GRADE. 1,856 studies were the outcome of the search, out of which 9 meets all eligible criteria. Of the 9 studies, three-quarter was published between 2017 and 2018, covering five continents: (North America: 3; Asia: 2; Australia: 2; South America: 1, Europe: 1). The final included studies broadly examined young Instagram users between the age of 19 and 35. The synthesis affirmed a linkage between Instagram and symptoms of depression or depressive behaviour. Variables that moderate this relationship are social comparison, self-esteem built on validation and approval of others, social media dependence, gender, negative or insufficient feedback, poor self-rated attractiveness, Instagram broadcasting and loneliness, younger users and risk of anxiety, and the number of strangers that users follow. There is a strong relationship between Instagram use and mental health disorders such as depression or depressive behaviour; however, no in-depth direct causality is proven yet. Further studies are needed to unravel the direct causality puzzles.

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Behavioural symptoms of mental health disorder such as depression among young people using Instagram: a systematic review

Translational Medicine Communications ◽

10.1186/s41231-021-00092-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju ◽

Ron Patrick Solfa ◽

Thuy Linh Tran ◽

Sophia Wohlfarth ◽

Jonas Büttner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mental Health Disorder ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Grade One ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThere is a growing debate on the linkage between social networking platforms and mental health disorder, such as depressive behaviour or depression. However, the relationship between Instagram use and depression or depressive behaviour has not been exhaustively examined. This review aims to examine these two variables. Only peer-reviewed journal articles that are published between October 2010 and December 2018 were sought in central and journal databases. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria and assessed for risk of bias and quality of evidence using GRADE. One thousand eight hundred fifty-six studies were the outcome of the search, out of which 9 meets all eligible criteria. Of the 9 studies, three-quarter was published between 2017 and 2018, covering five continents: (North America: 3; Asia: 2; Australia: 2; South America: 1, Europe: 1). The final included studies broadly examined young Instagram users between the age of 19 and 35. The synthesis affirmed a linkage between Instagram and symptoms of depression or depressive behaviour. Variables that moderate this relationship are social comparison, self-esteem built on validation and approval of others, social media dependence, gender, negative or insufficient feedback, poor self-rated attractiveness, Instagram broadcasting and loneliness, younger users and risk of anxiety, and the number of strangers that users follow. There is a strong relationship between Instagram use and mental health disorders such as depression or depressive behaviour; however, no in-depth direct causality is proven yet. Further studies are needed to unravel the direct causality puzzles.

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Correction: Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24869 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyunmin Kim ◽

In Young Choi ◽

Dai-Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Relationship

UNSTRUCTURED Smartphone overuse can harm individual health and well-being. Although several studies have explored the relationship between problematic or excessive smartphone use and mental health, much less is known about effects on self-esteem, which is essential in having a healthy life, among adults with mental health disorders, including internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, given that smartphone usage differs by gender, little is known about gender differences in the relationship between smartphone overuse and self-esteem. The objective of this study was to assess self-esteem among individuals with mental health disorders and explore the relationship with excessive smartphone use. Participants were selected based on their responses to the internet gaming disorder assessment, which includes 9 items developed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria, from among a Korean cohort of smartphone users aged 20-40 years, resulting in a sample of 189 participants (men:120, women: 69). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale were utilized to assess the outcome self-esteem with excessive smartphone use as the primary independent variable. Guided by the Bowlby attachment theory and prior studies, we selected several covariates. Generalized linear regression analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by gender, were performed. Among adults with internet gaming disorder, the average Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score was significantly higher in women than that in men (41.30 vs. 37.94; P=.001), and excessive smartphone use was significantly more prevalent in women than it was in men (30.43% vs. 20.83%; P=.02). Our findings from the generalized linear regression analyses indicated that an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score had a negative relationship with self-esteem among those with internet gaming disorder (β=–0.18, P=.001). Furthermore, our interaction models showed that, among those with internet gaming disorder, more men than women had lower self-esteem associated with an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score and a high degree of smartphone overuse (β=–0.19, P=.004; β=–3.73, P<.001). Excessive smartphone use was found to be adversely associated with self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with internet gaming disorder; notably, more men than women were negatively influenced (regarding self-esteem) by smartphone overuse. Based on our findings, more efforts should be made to reduce excessive or problematic smartphone use by considering developing public health interventions or policy, particularly among those with mental health disorders such as internet gaming disorder.

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Spillover Effects of Mental Health Disorders on Family Members’ Health-Related Quality of Life: Evidence from a US Sample

Medical Decision Making ◽

10.1177/0272989x211027146 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272989X2110271

Author(s):

Donghoon Lee ◽

Yeonil Kim ◽

Beth Devine

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Mental Health Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Disorders

Objectives This study aims to characterize the spillover effects of selected mental health disorders (episodic mood disorder (EMD), anxiety, substance use disorder (SUD), schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia) on family members’ health-related quality of life and to compare the magnitude of spillover effects across these types. Methods Using the 2000–2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, households having individuals with mental health disorders were identified. The SF-12 and EQ-5D surveys were used to acquire utility and health status scores for household members. The outcomes in households including an individual with a mental health disorder were compared to those of the control group (absence of individuals with mental health disorders in the household). We also compared a total of 15 pairs of diseases based on the SF-6D scores. A beta generalized estimating equation model was employed. Results Average scores of utility and health status among individuals living with a member with a mental health disorder in the household were statistically lower than those of the control group and; for the SF-6D, met the minimally important difference for SUD, schizophrenia, and dementia. Differences in the SF-6D scores were statistically significant for 5 pairs of the mental health disorders: EMD–anxiety, EMD–ADHD, dementia–anxiety, dementia–ADHD, and schizophrenia–ADHD. Conclusions This study provides evidence of family spillover effects in mental illness using both utility and health status measures from a US representative sample. Integrating this evidence into clinical and policy decision making as well as economic evaluations would allow for a more comprehensive valuation of the societal benefits of mental and behavioral health interventions.

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Impact of self-esteem on the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the oral health-related quality of life in patients after orthodontic treatment – a systematic review

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 158-169

Author(s):

Prasad Mandava ◽

Gowri Sankar Singaraju ◽

Sobitha Obili ◽

Venkatesh Nettam ◽

Sasipriya Vatturu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Oral Health ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Relationship

Objective. The treatment protocol in the modern health care paradigm has shifted considerably towards enhancing the quality of life in the last decade. This is particularly important in cosmetic and elective treatments, and hence the interest in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) also has increased. OHRQoL always been measured by endogenous, functional, social, or psychological determinants. Self-esteem (SE) is one of the internal factors that affect the perception of malocclusion and hence OHRQoL before and after treatment. The purpose of this review is to assess whether there exists any correlation between the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Self-esteem (SE) in patients following orthodontic treatment. Methods. A literature search was confined to the English language using Medical Subject Heading terms (MeSH) in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid® covering the period from January 1, 1951 to May 15, 2020. Search in Google Scholar, grey literature, and hand search on cross-references was performed to find additional data. The studies found to be suitable were selected based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of assessment and risk of bias for the included studies were evaluated independently by two invigilators utilizing “The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias” and “Modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa scale” for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials respectively. Results. A total of 7688 studies were retrieved from all the sources. After screening all the titles and excluding the duplicates, 28 studies were finally included for text review, and all of them were fit for quality appraisal. The design of the final studies included comprised of 3 RCTs, 14 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 2 case-control studies. Conclusion. There is moderate evidence to show that fixed orthodontic treatment improves OHRQoL and SE in children. OHRQoL also increased in adolescents and adults. However, there is a weak correlation between SE and OHRQoL. More evidence-based studies are needed to analyze the relationship.

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Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/18505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e18505

Author(s):

Hyunmin Kim ◽

In Young Choi ◽

Dai-Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Relationship

Background Smartphone overuse can harm individual health and well-being. Although several studies have explored the relationship between problematic or excessive smartphone use and mental health, much less is known about effects on self-esteem, which is essential in having a healthy life, among adults with mental health disorders, including internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, given that smartphone usage differs by gender, little is known about gender differences in the relationship between smartphone overuse and self-esteem. Objective The objective of this study was to assess self-esteem among individuals with mental health disorders and explore the relationship with excessive smartphone use. Methods Participants were selected based on their responses to the internet gaming disorder assessment, which includes 9 items developed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria, from among a Korean cohort of smartphone users aged 20-40 years, resulting in a sample of 189 participants (men:120, women: 69). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale were utilized to assess the outcome self-esteem with excessive smartphone use as the primary independent variable. Guided by the Bowlby attachment theory and prior studies, we selected several covariates. Generalized linear regression analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by gender, were performed. Results Among adults with internet gaming disorder, the average Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score was significantly higher in women than that in men (41.30 vs. 37.94; P=.001), and excessive smartphone use was significantly more prevalent in women than it was in men (30.43% vs. 20.83%; P=.02). Our findings from the generalized linear regression analyses indicated that an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score had a negative relationship with self-esteem among those with internet gaming disorder (β=–0.18, P=.001). Furthermore, our interaction models showed that, among those with internet gaming disorder, more men than women had lower self-esteem associated with an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score and a high degree of smartphone overuse (β=–0.19, P=.004; β=–3.73, P<.001). Conclusions Excessive smartphone use was found to be adversely associated with self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with internet gaming disorder; notably, more men than women were negatively influenced (regarding self-esteem) by smartphone overuse. Based on our findings, more efforts should be made to reduce excessive or problematic smartphone use by considering developing public health interventions or policy, particularly among those with mental health disorders such as internet gaming disorder.

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Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18505 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyunmin Kim ◽

In Young Choi ◽

Dai-Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Smartphone overuse can harm individual health and well-being. Although several studies have explored the relationship between problematic or excessive smartphone use and mental health, much less is known about effects on self-esteem, which is essential in having a healthy life, among adults with mental health disorders, including internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, given that smartphone usage differs by gender, little is known about gender differences in the relationship between smartphone overuse and self-esteem. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess self-esteem among individuals with mental health disorders and explore the relationship with excessive smartphone use. METHODS Participants were selected based on their responses to the internet gaming disorder assessment, which includes 9 items developed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria, from among a Korean cohort of smartphone users aged 20-40 years, resulting in a sample of 189 participants (men:120, women: 69). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale were utilized to assess the outcome self-esteem with excessive smartphone use as the primary independent variable. Guided by the Bowlby attachment theory and prior studies, we selected several covariates. Generalized linear regression analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by gender, were performed. RESULTS Among adults with internet gaming disorder, the average Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score was significantly higher in women than that in men (41.30 vs. 37.94; P=.001), and excessive smartphone use was significantly more prevalent in women than it was in men (30.43% vs. 20.83%; P=.02). Our findings from the generalized linear regression analyses indicated that an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score had a negative relationship with self-esteem among those with internet gaming disorder (β=–0.18, P=.001). Furthermore, our interaction models showed that, among those with internet gaming disorder, more men than women had lower self-esteem associated with an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score and a high degree of smartphone overuse (β=–0.19, P=.004; β=–3.73, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Excessive smartphone use was found to be adversely associated with self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with internet gaming disorder; notably, more men than women were negatively influenced (regarding self-esteem) by smartphone overuse. Based on our findings, more efforts should be made to reduce excessive or problematic smartphone use by considering developing public health interventions or policy, particularly among those with mental health disorders such as internet gaming disorder.

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Mental Health Status and Health-Related Quality of Life among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients in Thailand: A Multi-Site Study

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand ◽

10.35755/jmedassocthai.2020.11.11156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 1185-1193

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Background: The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients oftentimes suffer from both physical and psychosocial challenges that may lead to low health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, limited research has been done in this area. Objective: To examined mental health status and HRQoL among SLE patients in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the rheumatology clinic of four major hospitals in Thailand. The paper-based questionnaire consisted of demographic, health history such as depression, anxiety, stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and the disease-specific Lupus Quality of Life scale (LupusQoL). Depending on the variable’s level of measurement such as categorical or continuous, Spearman’s Rho or Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships among the variables. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify the predictors of LupusQoL. Results: Among the 387 participants, many might have experienced depression, anxiety, and stress (30%, 51%, and 29%, respectively). Self-esteem among the participants was good (31.8 out of 40). All eight domains of LupusQoL were affected with intimate relationship domain being impacted the most. The overall LupusQoL was significantly associated with the number of prescribed medications (r=–0.23), depression (r=–0.70), anxiety (r=–0.58), stress (r=–0.67), and self-esteem (r=0.59), p<0.001. Significant predictors of the overall LupusQoL were mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress) and self-esteem, F (3, 81)=43.10, p<0.001, adjusted R²=0.60. Conclusion: SLE patients should be holistically assessed in both physical and psychological aspects. In addition to proper medical treatments, healthcare providers should use a multidisciplinary team approach to resolve the patients’ psychosocial issues, which in turn, may increase the patients’ quality of life. Self-care education may be necessary to help the patients manage the condition and decrease the number of medications. Keywords: Mental health, Quality of life, SLE, Thailand

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Effect of a physical activity and sleep m-health intervention on a composite activity-sleep behaviour score and mental health: a mediation analysis of two randomised controlled trials

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01112-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mitch J. Duncan ◽

Anna T. Rayward ◽

Elizabeth G. Holliday ◽

Wendy J. Brown ◽

Corneel Vandelanotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background To examine if a composite activity-sleep behaviour index (ASI) mediates the effects of a combined physical activity and sleep intervention on symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, quality of life (QOL), energy and fatigue in adults. Methods This analysis used data pooled from two studies: Synergy and Refresh. Synergy: Physically inactive adults (18–65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a two-arm Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) (Physical Activity and Sleep Health (PAS; n = 80), or Wait-list Control (CON; n = 80) groups). Refresh: Physically inactive adults (40–65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a three-arm RCT (PAS (n = 110), Sleep Health-Only (SO; n = 110) or CON (n = 55) groups). The SO group was omitted from this study. The PAS groups received a pedometer, and accessed a smartphone/tablet “app” using behaviour change strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning), with additional email/SMS support. The ASI score comprised self-reported moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, resistance training, sitting time, sleep duration, efficiency, quality and timing. Outcomes were assessed using DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, stress), SF-12 (QOL-physical, QOL-mental) and SF-36 (Energy & Fatigue). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months (primary time-point), and 6 months. Mediation effects were examined using Structural Equation Modelling and the product of coefficients approach (AB), with significance set at 0.05. Results At 3 months there were no direct intervention effects on mental health, QOL or energy and fatigue (all p > 0.05), and the intervention significantly improved the ASI (all p < 0.05). A more favourable ASI score was associated with improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, QOL-mental and of energy and fatigue (all p < 0.05). The intervention effects on symptoms of depression ([AB; 95%CI] -0.31; − 0.60,-0.11), anxiety (− 0.11; − 0.27,-0.01), stress (− 0.37; − 0.65,-0.174), QOL-mental (0.53; 0.22, 1.01) and ratings of energy and fatigue (0.85; 0.33, 1.63) were mediated by ASI. At 6 months the magnitude of association was larger although the overall pattern of results remained similar. Conclusions Improvements in the overall physical activity and sleep behaviours of adults partially mediated the intervention effects on mental health and quality of life outcomes. This highlights the potential benefit of improving the overall pattern of physical activity and sleep on these outcomes. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000680369; ACTRN12617000376347. Universal Trial number: U1111–1194-2680; U1111–1186-6588. Human Research Ethics Committee Approval: H-2016-0267; H-2016–0181.

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Cultural and Universal Parenting, Ethnic Identity, and Internalizing Symptoms Among African American Adolescents

Journal of Black Psychology ◽

10.1177/00957984211034290 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009579842110342

Author(s):

Lydia HaRim Ahn ◽

Angel S. Dunbar ◽

Erica E. Coates ◽

Mia A. Smith-Bynum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

African American ◽

Ethnic Identity ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

African American Adolescents ◽

Analytic Model ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

The Relationship

The present study tested a path analytic model that addressed two questions regarding the connection between one aspect of racial socialization (cultural pride reinforcement), communication between mothers and their adolescent children, adolescent ethnic identity, and mental health. First, we tested whether quality of communication moderated the relationship between cultural pride reinforcement and ethnic identity affirmation and anxiety/depressive/withdrawn symptoms. Then, we examined whether cultural pride reinforcement and quality of communication with mothers were directly linked to ethnic identity affirmation and in turn lower anxiety/depressive symptoms and withdrawn behaviors. Our sample included 111 African American adolescents (58.2% female; ages 14–17) in the mid-Atlantic region. Results of a path analysis indicated that cultural pride reinforcement and quality of communication independently and uniquely related to internalizing symptoms through ethnic identity affirmation. Findings contribute to a novel understanding of how both cultural (cultural pride reinforcement) and universal (quality of communication) are important factors to foster African American adolescents’ healthy adjustment and sense of self.

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