A Systematic Review of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women With Normal Cervical Cytology: The Brazilian Paradigm

Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) family of viruses is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. More than 67 types of HPV are known to infect humans, and their distribution varies from region to region. HPV prevalence studies in Brazil have focused on cervical cancer; however, a detailed understanding of HPV type prevalence in women with normal cervix is absent in the literature. Our primary aim is to systematically review the literature and summarize the prevalence and distribution of HPV types in Brazilian women with HPV positive but normal cervical cytology and lack observed abnormal cells on their cervix's surface upon cytology analysis. Methods: This protocol was designed following the PRISMA-P guidelines. We conducted this systematic review with an active search in PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases and supplemented by a secondary screening of all included articles' reference lists. The search terms "Brazil", "HPV", "Human Papillomavirus", "prevalence", "distribution", "Human Papillomavirus types", and "normal cervical cytology" were used for screening the databases. Of 1048 articles retrieved and subjected to duplicates assessment, title and abstract assessment, and full-text assessment of eligibility, 11 articles were included in the review. We excluded articles from the male population, known cervical cancer cases, and studies with a sample size of <15. Qualitative assembly of the data and analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 Results: The articles included in the study reported the prevalence of HPV types in women with normal cytology and HPV positive from ten Brazilian states. The total sample size ranged from 80 to 432, and the sample size for the HPV positive and normal cervical cytology group ranged from 28 to 209. HPV prevalence ranged from 0 to 89.4%, and a total of 43 HPV types were identified in the study population. There was variation between studies on the distribution of HPV types because of the detection and genotyping technique used and geographical location. HPV66 was the only HPV type detected in every study reviewed, regardless of geographical region and methods. Conclusions: Due to variation in genotyping techniques used in these studies, HPV type prevalence and geographical distribution may be misestimated or underestimated. But results of these studies give a clear view of the total prevalence of HPV types in Brazil. It is also essential to consider the HPV types present in women with normal cervical cytology before the HPV-mediated progression to abnormal cervical lesions.Systematic Review Registration: Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration CRD42020151655

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Human papillomavirus and abnormal cervical lesions among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant couples from Kenya

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2019-054052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 457-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brandon L Guthrie ◽

Anne F Rositch ◽

Joy Alison Cooper ◽

Carey Farquhar ◽

Rose Bosire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Neoplasia ◽

Cervical Cytology ◽

High Grade ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

High Grade Lesion ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Hpv Screening

ObjectiveHIV infection increases the risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. The study addresses the limited data describing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant relationships in sub-Saharan Africa, which is needed to inform screening strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women with HIV-uninfected partners was conducted to determine the distribution of type-specific HPV infection and cervical cytology. This study was nested in a prospective cohort recruited between September 2007 and December 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya. Cervical cells for HPV DNA testing and conventional cervical cytology were collected. HPV types were detected and genotyped by Roche Linear Array PCR assay.ResultsAmong 283 women, the overall HPV prevalence was 62%, and 132 (47%) had ≥1 high-risk (HR)-HPV genotype. Of 268 women with cervical cytology results, 18 (7%) had high-grade cervical lesions or more severe by cytology, of whom 16 (89%) were HR-HPV-positive compared with 82 (41%) of 199 women with normal cytology (p<0.001). The most common HR-HPV types in women with a high-grade lesion or more severe by cytology were HPV-52 (44%), HPV-31 (22%), HPV-35 (22%), HPV-51 (22%) and HPV-58 (22%). HR-HPV genotypes HPV-16 or HPV-18 were found in 17% of women with high-grade lesions or more severe. HR-HPV screening applied in this population would detect 89% of those with a high-grade lesion or more severe, while 44% of women with normal or low-grade cytology would screen positive.ConclusionHR-HPV prevalence was high in this population of HIV-infected women with an uninfected partner. Choice of screening for all HR genotypes versus a subset of HR genotypes in these HIV-infected women will strongly affect the performance of an HPV screening strategy relative to cytological screening. Regional and subpopulation differences in HR-HPV genotype distributions could affect screening test performance.

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Prevalence of human papillomavirus by geographical regions, sexual orientation and HIV status in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2017-053412 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 434-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiaomeng Ma ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Jason J Ong ◽

Christopher K Fairley ◽

Shu Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Central China ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Hpv Prevalence

ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes multiple cancers in both women and men. In China, both HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverages are low. We aim to investigate the temporal and geographical trends of HPV DNA prevalence in heterosexual men, women, men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, collecting publications in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data from January 2000 to May 2017. A total of 247 studies were selected for this meta-analysis to estimate pooled HPV prevalence, incidence of cervical cancer and risk of infection for subgroups. Meta-regression was applied to identify contributing factors to prevalence heterogeneities.ResultsThe national HPV prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI (14.4% to 16.9%)) in women with normal cervical cytology, and Central China had the highest prevalence (20.5% (15.2% to 25.8%)). HPV prevalence in heterosexual men (14.5% (11.3% to 17.7%)) was comparable with that of women (OR=1.09 (0.98 to 1.17)), but HPV prevalence in MSM (59.9% (52.2% to 67.6%)) was significantly higher than that in heterosexual men (OR=8.81 (8.01 to 9.69)). HIV-positive women (45.0% (38.4% to 51.6%)) and HIV-positive MSM (87.5% (82.3% to 90.9%)) had 4.67 (3.61 to 6.03) and 6.46 (5.20 to 8.02) times higher risk of HPV infection than their HIV negative counterparts.ConclusionHPV infection is prevalent in China, particularly in Central China, in comparison with the global level and neighbouring countries. Targeted HPV vaccination for women, MSM and PLHIV and scale-up of cervical screening for women are priorities in curbing the HPV epidemic in China.

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Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women living in remote riverine communities in the Amazonas, Brazil

10.21203/rs.2.12030/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Zonta ◽

Karina Bonilha Roque ◽

Yara Juliano ◽

Anne Liljander ◽

Markus Cavalar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Public Health Services ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Crucial Part

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Since some HPV types are associated with the development of cervical cancer, routine screening for HPV plays a crucial part in cancer prevention programs at global level. In Brazil, the cervical cancer rate is among the highest in the world, in particular in indigenous women living in remote areas with limited access to public health services. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infections and their co-occurrence with cervical lesions in Brazilian women living in isolated riverine communities. Moreover, the association between social environment, sexual activity and prevalence of HPV infection was assessed.

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Current studies on human papillomavirus in Saudi Arabia

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.6538 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

pp. 571-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fatimah Saeed Alhamlan ◽

Ahmed A Al-Qahtani ◽

Mohammed N Al-Ahdal

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

World Health ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Health Organization ◽

Low Prevalence

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant etiological factor and an important prognosticator in cervical cancer. Indeed, researchers worldwide have confirmed these roles for high-risk HVPs in over 70% of cervical cancer cases. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 561,200 new cancer cases (5.2% of all new cancers) are attributed to HPV infection. Over 120 types of HPV are classified further as either low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) based on their oncological potential of transforming cells. The LR-HPV types cause benign hyperproliferative lesions (i.e. genital warts) while the HR-HPV types are strongly associated with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Data on the prevalence of HPV, survival of infected patients, and mortality rate are scarce in Saudi Arabia. The unsubstantiated assumption of a low prevalence of HPV in Saudi Arabia has contributed to limiting HPV research in this conservative country. Therefore, the goal of this review is to shed light on the current HPV research being conducted and the prevalence of HPV in Saudi Arabia.

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Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Female Sex Workers in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18665/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Farahmand ◽

Mohsen Moghoofei ◽

Abolfazl Dorost ◽

Saeedeh Abbasi ◽

Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The World ◽

Hpv Types

Abstract Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods: Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results: Sixty-two studies involving 21402 FSWs from 33 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 42.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.58%-46.71%). HPV-16 (10.16%, 95% CI: 8.20%–12.51%), HPV-52 (7.98%, 95% CI: 5.91%–10.70%), and HPV-53 (6.01%, 95% CI: 4.40%–8.15%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The pooled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.64% (95% CI: 36.12%-51.46%) and 41.97% (95% CI: 37.28%-46.81%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and the incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.

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Prevalence and genotype distribution of genital human papillomavirus infection in female sex workers in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09570-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Farahmand ◽

Mohsen Moghoofei ◽

Abolfazl Dorost ◽

Saeedeh Abbasi ◽

Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The World ◽

Hpv Types

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results Sixty-two studies involving 21,402 FSWs from 33 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.5–46.7%). HPV-16 (10.1, 95% CI: 8.2–12.5%), HPV-52 (7.9, 95% CI: 5.9–10.7%), and HPV-53 (6.0, 95% CI: 4.4–8.1%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The pooled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.6% (95% CI: 36.1–51.4%) and 41.9% (95% CI: 37.2–46.8%), respectively. Conclusion Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and the incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.

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Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types Among Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Yazd, Iran, and Comparison of Cytology, Histology, and Colposcopy Results

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.100573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi ◽

Nastaran Hajimaghsoudi ◽

Afsarosadat Tabatabai ◽

Mansour Moghimi ◽

Mohammad Shayestehpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

High Grade ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Typing ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus with more than 100 genotypes, at least 12 of which are high-risk and associated with high-grade cervical lesions. Data on the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes among women are not yet available for the total regions of Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women screened for cervical carcinoma in Yazd and compare the cytology, histology, and colposcopy results. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 402 women referring to gynecology clinics of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, were selected. The Pap smear and HPV typing were performed on cervical samples. The high-risk HPV types were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based reverse blot hybridization assay. Colposcopy was carried out on patients with high-risk HPV types, and biopsies were taken for histological examination. Results: Among 402 women screened by HPV-PCR, 32 (7.97%) women were positive for high-risk HPV types. Human papillomavirus 16 and HPV18 were the most frequent genotypes (46.9%). The cytology, histology, and colposcopy results were abnormal in 56.2%, 29.1%, and 71.9% of patients, respectively. Pap smear had 100% sensitivity and 58.3% specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions, while these values for colposcopy were 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of high-risk HPV types was relatively low among women living in Yazd than in those from other provinces of Iran. A significant percentage of patients with HPV had normal cervical cytology and histology. Therefore, HPV typing is recommended to decrease the development of cervical cancer. Colposcopy had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions.

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Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Female Sex Workers in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18665/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Farahmand ◽

Mohsen Moghoofei ◽

Abolfazl Dorost ◽

Saeedeh Abbasi ◽

Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The World ◽

Hpv Types

Abstract Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods: Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results: Sixty-two studies involving 21402 FSWs from 33 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.5%-46.7%). HPV-16 (10.1%, 95% CI: 8.2%–12.5%), HPV-52 (7.9%, 95% CI: 5.9%–10.7%), and HPV-53 (6.0%, 95% CI: 4.4%–8.1%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The pooled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.6% (95% CI: 36.1%-51.4%) and 41.9% (95% CI: 37.2%-46.8%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and the incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.

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