scholarly journals Increased Number of Corpora Lutea by Creating Additional Corpus Luteum Leads to Enhanced Progesterone Concentrations and Improved Fertility in Bovine Repeat-breeder Females Undergoing the Short-term Fixed-time Artificial Insemination Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilasinee Pirokad ◽  
Chayanon Yadmak ◽  
Punnawut Yama ◽  
Jakree Jitjumnong ◽  
Warunya Chaikol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Abstract Background: Lower concentrations of endogenous progesterone (P) after fertilization, due to corpus luteum (CL) dysfunction, leads to an increased embryonic loss and reduced pregnancy outcomes not only in female cattle but also in women. Therefore, an increase in the number of corpora lutea (CLs) may improve fertility in infertile bovine females. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of increased number of CLs by creating accessory CL on plasma P concentration and fertility in bovine repeat-breeder females undergoing the short-term fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol.Methods: In experiment 1, 32 female cattle had induced ovulation with the short-term (5-day) P-based protocol. To induce additional CL, cows were treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on day 5 post-induction. On day 14, only female cattle with at least one CL on their ovaries were classified into two groups: 1CL (original CL; n = 14) and 2CLs groups (original CL + accessory CL; n = 8). In experiment 2, 213 bovine repeat-breeder females were bred using the short-term FTAI protocol. On day 5 post-FTAI, cows were divided into two groups: treatment with (GnRH5-treated group; n = 113) or without (GnRH5-untreated group; n = 100) GnRH. On day 14 post-FTAI, cows were sub-divided into two groups: 1CL (n = 115) and 2CLs (n = 39) groups.Results: In experiment 1, the ovarian luteal diameter, area, and volume per total CLs were greater in 2CLs group compared with 1CL group (P < 0.001). On days 12 and 14 post-induction, female cattle bearing two CLs had greater P concentrations than female cattle bearing only one CL on their ovaries (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, CL number and pregnancy rates were greater in GnRH5-treated group compared with GnRH5-untreated group (P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates were greater in 2CLs cows compared with 1CL cows (P < 0.01). Moreover, female cattle bearing two CLs had a greater likelihood of pregnancy (odds ratio = 20.86) than female cattle bearing only one CL on their ovaries (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In bovine model, our findings confirmed a beneficial effect of an additional CL on ovarian hormone and fertility in infertile female cattle. The results highlighted that increased number of CLs by creating additional CL leads to enhanced peripheral P concentrations and improved pregnancy outcomes in bovine repeat-breeder females undergoing the short-term FTAI protocol.

scholarly journals Luteogenesis and Embryo Implantation Are Enhanced by Exogenous hCG in Goats Subjected to an Out-of-Season Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocol

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Bustamante-Andrade ◽  
César A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
Rafael Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Zurisaday Santos-Jimenez ◽  
Oscar Ángel-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Interesting Approach

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of two doses of hCG (100 and 300 IU) applied at two different times (7 and 14 d) after a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol (FTAI) upon some variables involved in the embryonic implantation rate in goats during the natural deep anestrous season (April, 25° north). The experimental units considered crossbred, multiparous, anovulatory goats (n = 69, Alpine, Saanen, Nubian x Criollo), with average body weight (43.6 ± 5.7 kg) and body condition score (1.86 ± 0.28 units) located in northern–semiarid Mexico (25° N, 103° W). Once the goat’s anestrus status was confirmed, goats were subjected to an estrus induction protocol. Upon estrus induction confirmation, goats (n = 61) were subjected to a FTAI procedure. Immediately after the FTAI, the goats were randomly distributed to five experimental groups: (1). G100-7 (n = 13) 100 IU, hCG 7 d post-FTAI, (2). G100-14 (n = 12) 100 IU hCG, 14 d post-FTAI, (3). G300-7 (n = 12) 300 IU, hCG, 7 d post-FTAI, (4). G300-14 (n = 12) 300 IU hCG 14 d post-FTAI, and (5). Control group, CONT (n = 12) 0.5 mL saline, 7 and 14 d post-FTAI. The response variables conception rate (39.36 ± 0.23), fertility rate (27.96%), prolificacy rate (1.1 ± 0.29 kids), ovulation rate (0.74 ± 0.20 corpus luteum) corpus luteum diameter (10.15 ± 0.59 mm), embryo number (1.58 ± 0.20), and embryo implantation rate (48.96%), did not differ between treatments. However, while the variables fecundity rate (67%), embryo efficiency index-1 (33.99 ± 0.20%), and embryo efficiency index-2 (27.94 ± 0.30%) were favored by the G300-14 treatment, the corpus luteum area was favored (p < 0.05) by both G300-7 (113.30 ± 0.19 mm2) and G300-14 (103.04 ± 0.17 mm2). Such reproductive strategy emerges as an interesting approach, not only to enhance the out-of-season reproductive outcomes, but also to boost one of the main rulers defining the global reproductive efficiency of a heard, namely, the embryo implantation efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone + human chorionic gonadotropin treatment on conception rates in repeat breeder cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Hasan Alkan ◽  
Huseyin Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Repeat Breeder ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hormonal support on the pregnancy rate in repeat breeder cows. Prostaglandin F2α + Ovsynch oestrus synchronization protocol was applied to the cows. Following the fixed time insemination (day 0), the cows were divided into 4 groups. In Group 1 (n = 42), progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was placed vaginally at 84 h and removed on the 9th day after the artificial insemination. In Group 2 (n = 40), the cows were administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the 7th day. Group 3 (n = 45) was applied a combination of progesterone and hCG. Group 4 (n = 42) was not given any treatment. Blood samples were collected from all cows 4 times on days 3.5, 7, 12, and 18 to evaluate progesterone concentrations. The pregnancy rates were 40.47%, 37.50%, 44.44%, and 30.95% in Group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P > 0.05). In addition, in cows with progesterone concentrations <2 ng/ml on day 3.5, the pregnancy rates were found to be lower than in the cows with progesterone concentrations >2 ng/ml in Group 4 (P < 0.05). Progesterone supplementation in cows with progesterone concentrations < 2 ng/ml appeared to increase pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) in Groups 1 and 3. As a result, post-insemination hormonal applications in the repeat breeder cows did not increase the pregnancy rate. However, it was concluded that determination of progesterone concentrations on day 3.5 following artificial insemination and then hormonal support in the cows with low concentrations would increased the pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Factors which interfere in the results of the Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Alex Adriano Cavalcante Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Avelino Velloso Ferreira Murta ◽  
Artur Azevedo Menezes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Animal Category

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the animal category, the cyclicity, the CIDR reuse, the body condition score (BCS), the inseminator and the bull on the fertility rates of bovine submitted to a FTAI protocol. It was observed that pluriparous demonstrated a higher fertility. The group With Corpus Luteum obtained a higher conception rate. The CIDR of 4th use reduced (P <0.05) the chance of conception. The chances of conception in cows of the Low BCS group were lower (P <0.05), than the cows with intermediate and high BCS. The inseminator and the bull exerted influence on the fertility. Therefore, all factors are important in FTAI programs.

scholarly journals The ovulatory response to human chorionic gonadotropin administration on day 4 post timed artificial insemination improved fertility in repeat breeder cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
Ahmet Gumen ◽  
Ebru Karakaya-Bilen ◽  
Abdulkadir Keskin ◽  
Baris Guner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Repeat Breeder

This study focused on determining the success of inducing endogenous progesterone source (by formation of accessory corpus luteum) by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on day 4 post timed artificial insemination (TAI) and on evaluating the effect of the day of hCG administration (day 4 or 5 post TAI) on pregnancy rates in repeat breeder cows according to their responses to hCG administrations. Non-pregnant cyclic lactating Holstein dairy cows with more than three services despite no clinical reproductive abnormalities were enrolled in the study. All cows (n = 192) received the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16/18h-TAI) and hCG administration (1500 IU, i.m.) was performed in group hCG4 (n = 64) on day 4 and in group hCG5 (n = 68) on day 5 post TAI. The control group (CON, n = 60) did not receive any hCG treatment. The responses (ovulation rate) to hCG (~64%) were similar on days 4 and 5 post TAI. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) at 31 days was similar among the groups (48.3% in CON, 48.4% in hCG4, and 42.6% in hCG5). Regardless of the day of the treatment (hCG4 + hCG5), the cows had an ovulatory response to hCG (54.1%), and a greater P/AI (P = 0.007) at 31 days than those without a response (29.8%). The administration of hCG on either day 4 or 5 post TAI did not increase overall pregnancy rates, however, the ovulatory response to the post TAI hCG administration on day 4 improved fertility in repeat breeder cows. Further studies are needed with a larger number of animals to reveal this potentiallly beneficial effect.

519 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of the 7 & 7 Synch and Bee Synch II protocols for control of the estrous cycle among cows of varying percentage Bos indicus influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Carson M Andersen ◽  
Matthew P Holton ◽  
Pedro L Fontes ◽  
Jordan M Thomas ◽  
Lucas Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Corpora Lutea

Abstract The 7 & 7 Synch and Bee Synch II protocols for control of the estrous cycle were compared among cows with varying percentages of Bos indicus influence. Angus (n = 48), ⅛ - ¼ Brahman-influenced (n = 90), Brangus (n = 11), and ½ Brahman-influenced (n = 56) cows were blocked based on breed, age, and days postpartum and randomly assigned to treatment. Cows treated with 7 & 7 Synch (n = 104) received prostaglandin F2α (PG; 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine) and insertion of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) on Day -17, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg gonadorelin) on Day -10, and PG coincident with CIDR removal on Day -3. Cows treated with Bee Synch II (n = 101) received PG coincident with CIDR insertion on Day -8 and PG coincident with CIDR removal on Day -3. Fixed-time artificial insemination was performed on Day 0 at 66 h. Ovarian ultrasound was performed on Day -3 to assess presence of corpora lutea (CL) and diameter of the largest ovarian follicle (LFD), and color Doppler was used on Day 7 to assess CL blood perfusion. A greater proportion of 7 & 7 Synch cows (P &lt; 0.0001) had CL on Day -3 (83%; 86/104) compared with Bee Synch II cows (48%; 48/101). On Day -3, LFD did not differ among Bos indicus-influenced cows treated with Bee Synch II (12.5±0.3 mm), Bos indicus-influenced cows treated with 7 & 7 Synch (12.2±0.3 mm), or Angus cows treated with 7 & 7 Synch (12.1±0.6 mm); however, greater LFD was observed among Angus cows treated with Bee Synch II (15.4±0.8 mm). Brangus cows had greater periphery signal percentages (P = 0.02) when treated with 7 & 7 Synch compared with Bee Synch II. In conclusion, across cow of varying percentage Bos indicus influence, 7 & 7 Synch resulted in a greater proportion of cows with CL on Day -3.

Hormonal synchronization of ovulation in beef heifers and fertility after artificial insemination

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

After ovarian examination, and enucleation of corpora lutea where possible, groups of beef heifers on farms in the New England region were injected with progesterone in oil for 6 days. This was followed in some experiments by treatment with placental gonadotrophins. Artificial insemination was carried out 3–5 days after the final injection of progesterone. The effects of dose of progesterone, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin on fertility were observed. Fertility was highest in heifers in which the corpus luteum was enucleated prior to injection of progesterone.

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